Comparison of the effects of artificial and natural barriers on large
... Abstract: Physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. Barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially a ...
... Abstract: Physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. Barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially a ...
The short-term effect of sheep grazing on invertebrates
... browsing, trampling, defecation and urination. Comparing to the enormous amount of work that has been done to document the effects of grazing by wild and domestic herbivores on plants and soil processes (reviews in Jefferies et al. 1994, Hobbs 1996, Augustine and McNaughton 1998), very little has be ...
... browsing, trampling, defecation and urination. Comparing to the enormous amount of work that has been done to document the effects of grazing by wild and domestic herbivores on plants and soil processes (reviews in Jefferies et al. 1994, Hobbs 1996, Augustine and McNaughton 1998), very little has be ...
Workpackage 6 Product Exploitation and Dissemination
... intervention, allowable sustainable harvesting by local people and general genetic resource exploitation. 7. Prescription: details (timing, frequency, duration etc) of management interventions that will need to be carried out, schedule of ecological and genetic monitoring, population mapping, staffi ...
... intervention, allowable sustainable harvesting by local people and general genetic resource exploitation. 7. Prescription: details (timing, frequency, duration etc) of management interventions that will need to be carried out, schedule of ecological and genetic monitoring, population mapping, staffi ...
Ecological genomics - Kansas State University
... and ecological functional genomics; that has been carried out elsewhere (Gibson and Muse, 2004; Thomas and Klaper, 2004; Vasemagi and Primmer, 2005). Instead, our aim is to focus on why such a combined approach is valuable and to highlight the insights that can be gained. We expect that one’s percep ...
... and ecological functional genomics; that has been carried out elsewhere (Gibson and Muse, 2004; Thomas and Klaper, 2004; Vasemagi and Primmer, 2005). Instead, our aim is to focus on why such a combined approach is valuable and to highlight the insights that can be gained. We expect that one’s percep ...
pdf document, 1.67 mb - Society for Tropical Ecology
... The overarching theme of our conference is “Tropical organisms and ecosystems in a changing world”. This title emphasizes two challenges our planet is facing. As widely summarized under the heading “Global Change”, life conditions on Earth are being altered at an unprecedented rate, for example with ...
... The overarching theme of our conference is “Tropical organisms and ecosystems in a changing world”. This title emphasizes two challenges our planet is facing. As widely summarized under the heading “Global Change”, life conditions on Earth are being altered at an unprecedented rate, for example with ...
Scale, Environment, and Trophic Status: The Context Dependency
... curvature of the relationship, also called the half-saturation constant, and Vmax provides an estimate of the asymptote, which approaches infinity as the relationship becomes more linear (regionally dominated). This asymptote represents a quantitative measure of saturation: if the asymptote is estim ...
... curvature of the relationship, also called the half-saturation constant, and Vmax provides an estimate of the asymptote, which approaches infinity as the relationship becomes more linear (regionally dominated). This asymptote represents a quantitative measure of saturation: if the asymptote is estim ...
Learning Outcomes for Ecology Concepts and Applications 6e
... 2. Diagram the movements of salts and water between the surrounding environment and aquatic organisms that are isosmotic, hyperosmotic, and hypoosmotic. 3. Explain, using gradients in water potential, the movement of water from the soil, through a plant, and to the atmosphere. 6.2 Water Regulation o ...
... 2. Diagram the movements of salts and water between the surrounding environment and aquatic organisms that are isosmotic, hyperosmotic, and hypoosmotic. 3. Explain, using gradients in water potential, the movement of water from the soil, through a plant, and to the atmosphere. 6.2 Water Regulation o ...
Species evenness and invasion resistance of
... Penstemon digitalis , Prunella vulgaris and Pycnanthemum tenuifolium ). Our study also included three exotic plant species: Lolium arundinaceum , Melilotus alba and Rumex crispus , all of which are common invaders of mid-western grasslands. Lolium arundinaceum is a highly persistent, cool-season gra ...
... Penstemon digitalis , Prunella vulgaris and Pycnanthemum tenuifolium ). Our study also included three exotic plant species: Lolium arundinaceum , Melilotus alba and Rumex crispus , all of which are common invaders of mid-western grasslands. Lolium arundinaceum is a highly persistent, cool-season gra ...
Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production as An
... hunters and gatherers dwelled upon the products of photosynthesis much like any other kind of animal species, thus, reaching only very small densities, the cultural evolution of humanity has seena tremendous intensification ofbiomass use (1). This could only be achieved by a transformation of natura ...
... hunters and gatherers dwelled upon the products of photosynthesis much like any other kind of animal species, thus, reaching only very small densities, the cultural evolution of humanity has seena tremendous intensification ofbiomass use (1). This could only be achieved by a transformation of natura ...
Springs and Seepages - An important habitat for wildlife
... long-lived habitats, and support specialist communities of invertebrates and lower plants, including species that are now exceedingly rare elsewhere. The water in springs arises from groundwater from a single point and is usually cold throughout the year, unpolluted, well-oxygenated and has excellen ...
... long-lived habitats, and support specialist communities of invertebrates and lower plants, including species that are now exceedingly rare elsewhere. The water in springs arises from groundwater from a single point and is usually cold throughout the year, unpolluted, well-oxygenated and has excellen ...
Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and
... mutualistic interaction between animal and plant species. Species interactions can be neutral, mutualistic, commensal, competitive, predatory or parasitic. Nonetheless, the outcomes of such interactions will determine the extent of primary production and energy transfer along a food web (Hector & Wi ...
... mutualistic interaction between animal and plant species. Species interactions can be neutral, mutualistic, commensal, competitive, predatory or parasitic. Nonetheless, the outcomes of such interactions will determine the extent of primary production and energy transfer along a food web (Hector & Wi ...
Conservation Challenges of Predator Recovery
... have targeted depleted populations of top predators for legal protection, and in many cases, this protection has helped their recoveries. Where the recovery of individual species is the goal, these efforts can be seen as largely successful. From an ecosystem perspective, however, predator recovery c ...
... have targeted depleted populations of top predators for legal protection, and in many cases, this protection has helped their recoveries. Where the recovery of individual species is the goal, these efforts can be seen as largely successful. From an ecosystem perspective, however, predator recovery c ...
Canadian Herpetological Society Société d`herpétologie du Canada
... to radio telemetry with long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta. In this study, PIT tags and RFID antennas, both mobile and stationary, are used to monitor salamander use of road crossing structures, and to locate subterranean individuals in the terre ...
... to radio telemetry with long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta. In this study, PIT tags and RFID antennas, both mobile and stationary, are used to monitor salamander use of road crossing structures, and to locate subterranean individuals in the terre ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of size
... Although size-selective harvesting takes place both on land and in the ocean, at present it is unclear what proportion of the biota are affected by this practice. In order to get a better estimate of the scope and nature of the problem, we undertook an extensive search of the literature extending ba ...
... Although size-selective harvesting takes place both on land and in the ocean, at present it is unclear what proportion of the biota are affected by this practice. In order to get a better estimate of the scope and nature of the problem, we undertook an extensive search of the literature extending ba ...
Wolves in the Ecosystem
... When a wolf pack makes a kill, it feeds a whole community. After the wolves move on, the ravens, foxes, wolverines, eagles, and other animals move in to feed off the carcass. Once the larger animals have eaten their fill, smaller scavengers arrive on the scene, all the way down to insects and microb ...
... When a wolf pack makes a kill, it feeds a whole community. After the wolves move on, the ravens, foxes, wolverines, eagles, and other animals move in to feed off the carcass. Once the larger animals have eaten their fill, smaller scavengers arrive on the scene, all the way down to insects and microb ...
Wetlands of the Southern Interior Valleys
... wetlands draw the amount of water that comes wildlife from into a wetland will all directions. reduce or eliminate its biodiversity and its value as wildlife habitat. Even efforts to stabilize the water table may eliminate an existing wetland or affect its habitat potential, particularly if it resul ...
... wetlands draw the amount of water that comes wildlife from into a wetland will all directions. reduce or eliminate its biodiversity and its value as wildlife habitat. Even efforts to stabilize the water table may eliminate an existing wetland or affect its habitat potential, particularly if it resul ...
Habitat selection by feral cats and dingoes in a
... Abstract Habitat use by feral cats and dingoes was examined within a heterogeneous semi-arid woodland site in central Australia over 2 years. Density estimates of feral cats based on tracks were higher in mulga habitat than in open habitat. Isodar analysis implied that this pattern of habitat use by ...
... Abstract Habitat use by feral cats and dingoes was examined within a heterogeneous semi-arid woodland site in central Australia over 2 years. Density estimates of feral cats based on tracks were higher in mulga habitat than in open habitat. Isodar analysis implied that this pattern of habitat use by ...
Phenological diversity in tropical forests
... with temperate forests, where most plants reproduce once a year with high synchronization within and among individuals, these characters assume most importance in tropical forests. Among these characters, Newstrom et al. adopted frequency as a criterion with priority, and classified plants in La Sel ...
... with temperate forests, where most plants reproduce once a year with high synchronization within and among individuals, these characters assume most importance in tropical forests. Among these characters, Newstrom et al. adopted frequency as a criterion with priority, and classified plants in La Sel ...
Integrating Different Organizational Levels in Benthic Biodiversity
... species richness alone could explain the significant differences among microcosms, but that the algal biomass was a joint function of both algal and bacterial diversity implying important interactions among functional groups (Naeem et al., 2000). Studies on microbial communities are very useful as t ...
... species richness alone could explain the significant differences among microcosms, but that the algal biomass was a joint function of both algal and bacterial diversity implying important interactions among functional groups (Naeem et al., 2000). Studies on microbial communities are very useful as t ...
Appendix A: Freshwater Mussels
... Stream fragmentation, and attendant gene flow restrictions, will be reduced by removing barriers such as nonfunctional dams, where feasible, by operating dams at “run of the river” flow regimes, and by rehabilitating degraded river reaches. These measures will increase dispersal and re‐colonization ...
... Stream fragmentation, and attendant gene flow restrictions, will be reduced by removing barriers such as nonfunctional dams, where feasible, by operating dams at “run of the river” flow regimes, and by rehabilitating degraded river reaches. These measures will increase dispersal and re‐colonization ...
Wetlands - Freshkills Park Alliance
... more resilient. These restoration techniques will be greatly beneficial to many species of plants and animals. For example, the Northern Diamondback Terrapin (a native turtle species) could forage and nest in newly restored wetland and shoreline areas. In addition, wetland restoration would expand, ...
... more resilient. These restoration techniques will be greatly beneficial to many species of plants and animals. For example, the Northern Diamondback Terrapin (a native turtle species) could forage and nest in newly restored wetland and shoreline areas. In addition, wetland restoration would expand, ...
On the evolutionary ecology of species` ranges - People
... genetic variation in dispersal rates, individuals with higher dispersal rates will tend to be found in increasing frequency near the range limits (simply because they move more), hence the rate of range expansion will tend to increase over time. Many introductions have an initial lag, during which i ...
... genetic variation in dispersal rates, individuals with higher dispersal rates will tend to be found in increasing frequency near the range limits (simply because they move more), hence the rate of range expansion will tend to increase over time. Many introductions have an initial lag, during which i ...
Effects of wave exposure on
... determining community richness. Tolerance to disturbances defines which species become dominant. Habitat complexity, competition, and mutualism secondarily influence the composition of this community. Selection for competitive ability among seaweeds becomes increasingly important in benign environme ...
... determining community richness. Tolerance to disturbances defines which species become dominant. Habitat complexity, competition, and mutualism secondarily influence the composition of this community. Selection for competitive ability among seaweeds becomes increasingly important in benign environme ...
The Natural History of Endemic Families and Subfamilies of Birds of
... naturally present in Madagascar, but have been introduced by man from regions of the world over the course of the past 1200 years. For example, turkeys originate in the New World, specifically in central American and the south of North America, and chickens for their part original, or “native,” in ...
... naturally present in Madagascar, but have been introduced by man from regions of the world over the course of the past 1200 years. For example, turkeys originate in the New World, specifically in central American and the south of North America, and chickens for their part original, or “native,” in ...
Studying insect diversity in the tropics
... Our thesis here is that insect ecologists can learn from the success plant ecologists have had in understanding tropical diversity. We suggest this is based on two main foundations: the availability of complete or near-complete £oral inventories for a number of di¡erent areas, and the intensive stud ...
... Our thesis here is that insect ecologists can learn from the success plant ecologists have had in understanding tropical diversity. We suggest this is based on two main foundations: the availability of complete or near-complete £oral inventories for a number of di¡erent areas, and the intensive stud ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.