as pdf - Heriot
... Biodiversity is fundamental to the provision of “ecosystem services”, and these are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as The conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfil human life. Examples include provision of ...
... Biodiversity is fundamental to the provision of “ecosystem services”, and these are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as The conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfil human life. Examples include provision of ...
Title Regeneration Processes and Coexistence Mechanisms of Two
... In the first category, many mechanisms maintaining tree species richness have been proposed. I do not review all of them here, but will mention some examples. Ashton (e.g. 1964, 1969, 1976) reponed that species-specific requirements for soil properties are related to tree richness. Connell (1971, 19 ...
... In the first category, many mechanisms maintaining tree species richness have been proposed. I do not review all of them here, but will mention some examples. Ashton (e.g. 1964, 1969, 1976) reponed that species-specific requirements for soil properties are related to tree richness. Connell (1971, 19 ...
Reptiles - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... Gila monsters will forage long distances in search of eggs or young in vertebrate nests, primarily reptle and bird eggs and juvenile mammals including cotontails and mice (Beck 2009). This is the only venomous lizard natve to the U.S. It is most actve from late April through June; actvity rapidly de ...
... Gila monsters will forage long distances in search of eggs or young in vertebrate nests, primarily reptle and bird eggs and juvenile mammals including cotontails and mice (Beck 2009). This is the only venomous lizard natve to the U.S. It is most actve from late April through June; actvity rapidly de ...
Climate-driven interactions among rocky intertidal organisms caught
... southern sites because this snail is also largely a boreal species whose distribution does not extend south of Cape Cod (Glude 1955; Gosner 1978). While our results must be interpreted with caution since they come from a single experiment done in a single year, they suggest that the relatively small ...
... southern sites because this snail is also largely a boreal species whose distribution does not extend south of Cape Cod (Glude 1955; Gosner 1978). While our results must be interpreted with caution since they come from a single experiment done in a single year, they suggest that the relatively small ...
Priorities for restoration
... Figures 204 and 205 show two examples of how to make the conceptual model quantitative and spatially explicit.152 Beginning with river kilometer zero at the confluence with the Columbia River, we use the spatial framework explained on page 132 to quantify key factors affecting both opportunities and ...
... Figures 204 and 205 show two examples of how to make the conceptual model quantitative and spatially explicit.152 Beginning with river kilometer zero at the confluence with the Columbia River, we use the spatial framework explained on page 132 to quantify key factors affecting both opportunities and ...
Predicting ecosystem stability from community
... through reiuei(t), where r2ei is the environmental variance, and uei(t) are normal variables with zero mean and unit variance that are independent through time (white noise) but may be correlated between species (e.g. a good year for one species may be good for another species as well). Demographic ...
... through reiuei(t), where r2ei is the environmental variance, and uei(t) are normal variables with zero mean and unit variance that are independent through time (white noise) but may be correlated between species (e.g. a good year for one species may be good for another species as well). Demographic ...
SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS SPECIES-AREA REL.ATIONSHIPS
... remove species, then a species-area relationship will result (McGuinness 1984a). This hypothesis assumes that small islands are more vulnerable to disturbance, and that species richness increases as disturbance frequency decreases. Like the MacArthur and Wilson (1967) model, the disturbance hypothes ...
... remove species, then a species-area relationship will result (McGuinness 1984a). This hypothesis assumes that small islands are more vulnerable to disturbance, and that species richness increases as disturbance frequency decreases. Like the MacArthur and Wilson (1967) model, the disturbance hypothes ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... Abstract. Predators are often the most vulnerable group to extinction, yet the consequences of changing predator diversity are poorly understood. One source of confusion has been different experimental designs. The multiple-predator effects literature typically employs an additive design, while the ...
... Abstract. Predators are often the most vulnerable group to extinction, yet the consequences of changing predator diversity are poorly understood. One source of confusion has been different experimental designs. The multiple-predator effects literature typically employs an additive design, while the ...
species diversity modulates predation
... thus influence rates of predation or parasitism. However, we are not aware of any study that systematically investigates the effects of non-prey density and diversity on functional responses. Many such studies are needed to test whether simple functional responses can be extrapolated to natural setti ...
... thus influence rates of predation or parasitism. However, we are not aware of any study that systematically investigates the effects of non-prey density and diversity on functional responses. Many such studies are needed to test whether simple functional responses can be extrapolated to natural setti ...
Appendix F - Wetlands
... and road-widening projects within Blanding’s Turtle Habitat. Efforts should be made to inform Mass Highways of key locations where these measures would be most effective for turtle conservation. Educational materials are being developed and distributed to the public in reference to the detrimental e ...
... and road-widening projects within Blanding’s Turtle Habitat. Efforts should be made to inform Mass Highways of key locations where these measures would be most effective for turtle conservation. Educational materials are being developed and distributed to the public in reference to the detrimental e ...
Dr - University of Victoria
... Research Interests: My research focuses on examining the costs and benefits of group living in primates, particularly Lemur catta, a female-dominant species, which lives in mixed-sex groups and inhabits gallery, xerophytic, and scrub forests in the south and southwestern Madagascar. Female dominance ...
... Research Interests: My research focuses on examining the costs and benefits of group living in primates, particularly Lemur catta, a female-dominant species, which lives in mixed-sex groups and inhabits gallery, xerophytic, and scrub forests in the south and southwestern Madagascar. Female dominance ...
A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions
... to the many invasions that are successful, there are Ôenormously more invasions that never happen, … they meet with resistanceÕ (p.109). Classic theoretical ecology through the 1960s and 1970s also frequently described systems where ecological interactions excluded potential invaders (May & MacArthu ...
... to the many invasions that are successful, there are Ôenormously more invasions that never happen, … they meet with resistanceÕ (p.109). Classic theoretical ecology through the 1960s and 1970s also frequently described systems where ecological interactions excluded potential invaders (May & MacArthu ...
Effects of Vehicles - Dune Restoration Trust
... (Paphies subtriangulata and P. donacina), toheroa (P. ventricosa) and pipi (P. australis). These species are important for biodiversity and because they are mahinga kai (local food) species. Tuatua and toheroa are found on exposed beaches and pipi in more sheltered sites. There is some evidence base ...
... (Paphies subtriangulata and P. donacina), toheroa (P. ventricosa) and pipi (P. australis). These species are important for biodiversity and because they are mahinga kai (local food) species. Tuatua and toheroa are found on exposed beaches and pipi in more sheltered sites. There is some evidence base ...
A metaanalysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions
... to the many invasions that are successful, there are Ôenormously more invasions that never happen, … they meet with resistanceÕ (p.109). Classic theoretical ecology through the 1960s and 1970s also frequently described systems where ecological interactions excluded potential invaders (May & MacArthu ...
... to the many invasions that are successful, there are Ôenormously more invasions that never happen, … they meet with resistanceÕ (p.109). Classic theoretical ecology through the 1960s and 1970s also frequently described systems where ecological interactions excluded potential invaders (May & MacArthu ...
Restoration of Ecosystems
... – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
... – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
Stability and Fragility in Arctic Ecosystems
... of the survival of the system, and that one defence against extreme oscillation is large spatial scale. Selection should operate in the direction of the middle road, that is, toward stability in the “recovery from perturbation” sense of the word (definition 2). The goalis the achievement of sufficie ...
... of the survival of the system, and that one defence against extreme oscillation is large spatial scale. Selection should operate in the direction of the middle road, that is, toward stability in the “recovery from perturbation” sense of the word (definition 2). The goalis the achievement of sufficie ...
The Ecosystem Concept
... disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon input to an ecosystem through photosynthesis change over time scales of seconds to decades due to variations in light, temperature, and leaf area. Ma ...
... disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon input to an ecosystem through photosynthesis change over time scales of seconds to decades due to variations in light, temperature, and leaf area. Ma ...
Has the ghost of competition passed?
... (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994). Replication of the experiment across a range of densities allows one to draw the entire isocline. The dramatic non-linear isoclines produced by the experiment confirm habitat selection’s role in creating the ghost of competition (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994 ...
... (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994). Replication of the experiment across a range of densities allows one to draw the entire isocline. The dramatic non-linear isoclines produced by the experiment confirm habitat selection’s role in creating the ghost of competition (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994 ...
Slide 1
... considered a keystone species for its influence on community structure of tidal marshes. Terrapins exhibit strong habitat & nest site fidelity, & have relatively small home ranges (< 2 km), so sub-populations tend to be spatially discrete. Terrapins rely on open water, wetlands, & adjacent uplands a ...
... considered a keystone species for its influence on community structure of tidal marshes. Terrapins exhibit strong habitat & nest site fidelity, & have relatively small home ranges (< 2 km), so sub-populations tend to be spatially discrete. Terrapins rely on open water, wetlands, & adjacent uplands a ...
Effects of environmental change on zoonotic disease risk: an
... the vector of a pathogen under laboratory conditions. However, if they occur in allopatry there is not the possibility of contact, and therefore the transmission of the pathogen by the vector is not possible. Anthropogenic: the term refers to the human impact on the environment and includes impacts ...
... the vector of a pathogen under laboratory conditions. However, if they occur in allopatry there is not the possibility of contact, and therefore the transmission of the pathogen by the vector is not possible. Anthropogenic: the term refers to the human impact on the environment and includes impacts ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... Characterizing Terrestrial Exposure • Standard approved model (TREX) used to estimate potential exposures to terrestrial animals (birds, mammals, insects) • Estimates of pesticide residues on wildlife food items are based on the Kenaga monogram (Hoerger and Kenaga, 1972; Fletcher et al., 1994) adjus ...
... Characterizing Terrestrial Exposure • Standard approved model (TREX) used to estimate potential exposures to terrestrial animals (birds, mammals, insects) • Estimates of pesticide residues on wildlife food items are based on the Kenaga monogram (Hoerger and Kenaga, 1972; Fletcher et al., 1994) adjus ...
NASCO Guidelines for the Protection, Restoration and
... changes in land management practices and changes in water quantity and quality. Habitat protection and restoration is, therefore, a broad and complex but vital area of NASCO’s work. While it is clear that historically much freshwater habitat has been lost or degraded, there have been some notable su ...
... changes in land management practices and changes in water quantity and quality. Habitat protection and restoration is, therefore, a broad and complex but vital area of NASCO’s work. While it is clear that historically much freshwater habitat has been lost or degraded, there have been some notable su ...
Human-aided admixture may fuel ecosystem transformation during biological invasions: theoretical and
... variation and competes for similar niche space with native species? How might admixture and its effects on functional traits mechanistically act to alter both the outcome of competition and ecosystem function? Studies have documented that invasive species are capable of substantially altering native ...
... variation and competes for similar niche space with native species? How might admixture and its effects on functional traits mechanistically act to alter both the outcome of competition and ecosystem function? Studies have documented that invasive species are capable of substantially altering native ...
Figs and the Diversity of Tropical Rainforests
... al. 2003); and figs possess diverse habits, many of which are characteristic of tropical rainforest plants such as hemiepiphytes (a group that includes strangling figs and banyans), large woody climbers, and cauliflorous trees (inflorescences borne on the trunk; Harrison and Shanahan 2005). Globally ...
... al. 2003); and figs possess diverse habits, many of which are characteristic of tropical rainforest plants such as hemiepiphytes (a group that includes strangling figs and banyans), large woody climbers, and cauliflorous trees (inflorescences borne on the trunk; Harrison and Shanahan 2005). Globally ...
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
... end of the current century, with increases in mean temperatures and in the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature events (IPCC, 2007). The magnitude of these projected changes varies from place to place (see Fig. 1). The broad-brush effects of warming are already observable across a wide var ...
... end of the current century, with increases in mean temperatures and in the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature events (IPCC, 2007). The magnitude of these projected changes varies from place to place (see Fig. 1). The broad-brush effects of warming are already observable across a wide var ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.