diversity, ecosystem function, and stability of parasitoid
... parasitism. The slope of the richness–parasitism relationship did not vary significantly across habitats, although that for Simpson’s diversity was significant only in rice and pasture. We also show that pooling data over long time periods, as in previous studies, can blur the effect of diversity on p ...
... parasitism. The slope of the richness–parasitism relationship did not vary significantly across habitats, although that for Simpson’s diversity was significant only in rice and pasture. We also show that pooling data over long time periods, as in previous studies, can blur the effect of diversity on p ...
BIOSC 145-F14 120KB Dec 18 2014 08:57:44 AM
... Continue this for 2.5 hours. Early on, it may be that little gas is evolved, while later, larger amounts of gas will be given off. Record these data in a table and then graph them; please include your experimental procedure too. Could this observed growth continue indefinitely? Why? Why not? What ar ...
... Continue this for 2.5 hours. Early on, it may be that little gas is evolved, while later, larger amounts of gas will be given off. Record these data in a table and then graph them; please include your experimental procedure too. Could this observed growth continue indefinitely? Why? Why not? What ar ...
New Zealand native butterflies
... The Janita’s tussock is a weak flier. It ‘crash lands’ into the grass and has to find its footing. The 3 tussock species occupy distinctive geographical areas in the South Island. Janita’s tussock overlaps the territories of the other 2 tussocks. Larvae feed on snow tussock. They are slow eaters. Th ...
... The Janita’s tussock is a weak flier. It ‘crash lands’ into the grass and has to find its footing. The 3 tussock species occupy distinctive geographical areas in the South Island. Janita’s tussock overlaps the territories of the other 2 tussocks. Larvae feed on snow tussock. They are slow eaters. Th ...
Grupo Ecológico Sierra Gorda I.A.P
... valleys and a multitude of sinkholes thanks to the limestone geology. The vegetation types go from arid scrub to temperate forests, cloud forests, riparian forests and two varieties of tropical forest, as well as the dry deciduous and sub-deciduous forest. The Reserve is home to a rich diversity of ...
... valleys and a multitude of sinkholes thanks to the limestone geology. The vegetation types go from arid scrub to temperate forests, cloud forests, riparian forests and two varieties of tropical forest, as well as the dry deciduous and sub-deciduous forest. The Reserve is home to a rich diversity of ...
Using trait-based ecology to restore resilient ecosystems
... environment changes, the trait values that optimize survival will necessarily change as well. If we understand which traits confer fitness (i.e. higher survival and reproduction) in the new environmental conditions (Aitken et al. 2008; Kimball et al. 2012), then we can manage for species with more f ...
... environment changes, the trait values that optimize survival will necessarily change as well. If we understand which traits confer fitness (i.e. higher survival and reproduction) in the new environmental conditions (Aitken et al. 2008; Kimball et al. 2012), then we can manage for species with more f ...
REGIME SHIFTS, RESILIENCE, AND BIODIVERSITY IN
... consequent impacts on human societies. The theoretical basis for regime shifts has been described by Beisner et al. (2003), Carpenter (2003), Ludwig et al. (1997), Scheffer & Carpenter (2003), and Scheffer et al. (2001). Here, we review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic ecosys ...
... consequent impacts on human societies. The theoretical basis for regime shifts has been described by Beisner et al. (2003), Carpenter (2003), Ludwig et al. (1997), Scheffer & Carpenter (2003), and Scheffer et al. (2001). Here, we review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic ecosys ...
preliminary ecological survey for the proposed luiperdshoek
... composition of the vegetation of this unit. In some areas Prosopis gladulosa var. tooreyana shows potential to become a serious problem, especially around natural springs or aquifers as well as perennial (Orange River) and non-perennial drainage lines. Some very restricted areas are cultivated, main ...
... composition of the vegetation of this unit. In some areas Prosopis gladulosa var. tooreyana shows potential to become a serious problem, especially around natural springs or aquifers as well as perennial (Orange River) and non-perennial drainage lines. Some very restricted areas are cultivated, main ...
Recreation and Trail Impacts on Wildlife Species
... understanding exists however, on how such physiological responses affect individual fitness, demographic rates, and population viability. These gaps and limitations of the available scientific information on wildlife and recreational impacts are important to the understanding and interpretation of t ...
... understanding exists however, on how such physiological responses affect individual fitness, demographic rates, and population viability. These gaps and limitations of the available scientific information on wildlife and recreational impacts are important to the understanding and interpretation of t ...
Succession Student PPT
... them as a green film growing on the shady sides of trees and sometimes houses. Once these pioneers get established, they can change the area so that more complex organisms can live there. ...
... them as a green film growing on the shady sides of trees and sometimes houses. Once these pioneers get established, they can change the area so that more complex organisms can live there. ...
newly emergent and future threats of alien species to pacific birds
... examples of the dilemma created by alien species introductions; this is especially clear with the ungulates. Ungulates have been the most destructive group for native ecosystems but are among the most important groups economically (Cuddihy and Stone 1990). Other herbivorous and frugivorous vertebrat ...
... examples of the dilemma created by alien species introductions; this is especially clear with the ungulates. Ungulates have been the most destructive group for native ecosystems but are among the most important groups economically (Cuddihy and Stone 1990). Other herbivorous and frugivorous vertebrat ...
The Functions of Biological Diversity in an Age of Extinction REVIEW
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
406-01 Ecology Lecture
... serves as a foundation for the current study of ecology. This will be accomplished in two ways: 1) through discussions of major ecological concepts presented in the textbook, and 2) through discussions of articles from the primary literature and the popular media that focus on relevant ecological ...
... serves as a foundation for the current study of ecology. This will be accomplished in two ways: 1) through discussions of major ecological concepts presented in the textbook, and 2) through discussions of articles from the primary literature and the popular media that focus on relevant ecological ...
2015 Vermont Forest Fragmentation Report
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
Introduction
... Abstract: Because the karst environment is very sensitive to disturbance, once a strong disturbance occurs in a karst ecosystem it will undergo reverse succession, and both its recovery and restoration might be difficult. So, biodiversity is an important factor in maintaining existing karst landscap ...
... Abstract: Because the karst environment is very sensitive to disturbance, once a strong disturbance occurs in a karst ecosystem it will undergo reverse succession, and both its recovery and restoration might be difficult. So, biodiversity is an important factor in maintaining existing karst landscap ...
Experimental test of plant defence evolution in four species using
... and genotypes, we cannot rule out that epigenetic changes (e.g. methylation) or maternal environmental effects also contributed to or caused the observed long-term phenotypic responses. 5. Synthesis. Our study provides an experimental test of the evolutionary effects of an ecologically important her ...
... and genotypes, we cannot rule out that epigenetic changes (e.g. methylation) or maternal environmental effects also contributed to or caused the observed long-term phenotypic responses. 5. Synthesis. Our study provides an experimental test of the evolutionary effects of an ecologically important her ...
2.1.1 Distribution and Abundance
... Desert ecosystems, however, are distributed among the central areas of Australia. Abiotic factors such as a high temperature range and low rainfall (arid conditions) create an environment suitable for desert ecosystems. ...
... Desert ecosystems, however, are distributed among the central areas of Australia. Abiotic factors such as a high temperature range and low rainfall (arid conditions) create an environment suitable for desert ecosystems. ...
PDF
... recently generalized the concept of return to equilibrium from a perturbed state to include perturbations, such as area reduction or mass invasion by a group of immigrant species, resulting in an island’s being oversaturated with species, in addition to those (like defaunation) that leave it undersa ...
... recently generalized the concept of return to equilibrium from a perturbed state to include perturbations, such as area reduction or mass invasion by a group of immigrant species, resulting in an island’s being oversaturated with species, in addition to those (like defaunation) that leave it undersa ...
The acid taste of climate change: 20th century acidification is
... Abstract. The current state of an ecosystem results from the complex interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers jointly influenced by their dynamics and the legacy of a systems’ history. Negative synergies between emerging climatically extreme events and past environmental impacts are expected to shi ...
... Abstract. The current state of an ecosystem results from the complex interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers jointly influenced by their dynamics and the legacy of a systems’ history. Negative synergies between emerging climatically extreme events and past environmental impacts are expected to shi ...
In this Issue… - Ecological Society of Australia
... worldwide, and their vivid floral hues have lent many species and cultivars of this family horticultural success. Horticulture has introduced many genera from the Cape Floral Kingdom to temperate regions of Australia, including Babiana, Freesia, Gladiolus, Ixia, Sparaxis, and Watsonia. Many have ...
... worldwide, and their vivid floral hues have lent many species and cultivars of this family horticultural success. Horticulture has introduced many genera from the Cape Floral Kingdom to temperate regions of Australia, including Babiana, Freesia, Gladiolus, Ixia, Sparaxis, and Watsonia. Many have ...
11:15 Ormond R - 12th International Coral Reef Symposium
... Discussion • Difficult to relate to fishing pressure, abundance of large teleosts, or health of coral community, save Southern Maldives had healthiest coral assemblage and highest shark diversity • Fishing pressure on sharks also difficult to assess; but clear even most remote regions have been sub ...
... Discussion • Difficult to relate to fishing pressure, abundance of large teleosts, or health of coral community, save Southern Maldives had healthiest coral assemblage and highest shark diversity • Fishing pressure on sharks also difficult to assess; but clear even most remote regions have been sub ...
Ecology and management of oak woodlands and savannahs
... period. Where fuel loading is very high, waiting an additional year, manual fuel reduction, and/or planning for a less intense fire (moister, cooler conditions) may be warranted. However, waiting more than three or four years is not advised because woody regrowth may reach a stage beyond the effecti ...
... period. Where fuel loading is very high, waiting an additional year, manual fuel reduction, and/or planning for a less intense fire (moister, cooler conditions) may be warranted. However, waiting more than three or four years is not advised because woody regrowth may reach a stage beyond the effecti ...
View plan for Ohikilolo (Makua) Management Unit
... 1995-1997: Ground hunts were started with the use of contract hunters from the U. S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services while plans to install a perimeter fence to enclose MMR along the ridge crest were finalized. 1996-1997: The first stretch of fencing (3 km) separating MMR from the Keaau ...
... 1995-1997: Ground hunts were started with the use of contract hunters from the U. S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services while plans to install a perimeter fence to enclose MMR along the ridge crest were finalized. 1996-1997: The first stretch of fencing (3 km) separating MMR from the Keaau ...
Invasion, Competition, and Biodiversity Loss in Urban
... foraging behavior between food patches that were close to shelters (under bushes) and open patches (Shochat et al. 2004a). In the desert, however, birds depleted resources in areas close to the bush to a greater extent than in those in the open (Shochat et al. 2004a). These findings indicate that bi ...
... foraging behavior between food patches that were close to shelters (under bushes) and open patches (Shochat et al. 2004a). In the desert, however, birds depleted resources in areas close to the bush to a greater extent than in those in the open (Shochat et al. 2004a). These findings indicate that bi ...
Shifting altitudinal distribution of outbreak zones of
... Nilssen 1990), differential egg mortality caused by temperature inversion is unlikely to account for the observed altitudinal segregation of the two species. Air temperatures drop predictably by 0.50.658C 100 m1 elevation under normal atmospheric pressure (Tveito et al. 2000), which should transla ...
... Nilssen 1990), differential egg mortality caused by temperature inversion is unlikely to account for the observed altitudinal segregation of the two species. Air temperatures drop predictably by 0.50.658C 100 m1 elevation under normal atmospheric pressure (Tveito et al. 2000), which should transla ...
Using Phylogenetic, Functional and Trait Diversity to
... without reliance on a small number of traits selected a priori. The first multivariate strategy, functional attribute diversity (FAD), introduced by Walker and colleagues [23], sums species distances in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functio ...
... without reliance on a small number of traits selected a priori. The first multivariate strategy, functional attribute diversity (FAD), introduced by Walker and colleagues [23], sums species distances in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functio ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.