Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
Saladin 5e Extended Outline
... 2. The pons has continuations of the reticular formation, medial lemniscus, and tectospinal tract, as well as extensions from the spinal cord of the anterolateral system and anterior spinocerebellar tract. 3. The anterior pons has tracts of white matter, including transverse fascicles that decussate ...
... 2. The pons has continuations of the reticular formation, medial lemniscus, and tectospinal tract, as well as extensions from the spinal cord of the anterolateral system and anterior spinocerebellar tract. 3. The anterior pons has tracts of white matter, including transverse fascicles that decussate ...
Cerebellum- and forebrain-derived stem cells possess intrinsic
... endogenous Math1 expression, and we do not see any ectopic EGFP expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Neurosphere cultures The cerebellar anlage was identified and dissected by its position and morphology (i.e. the dorsal portion of the metencephalon, superficial to the pons and bordered posteri ...
... endogenous Math1 expression, and we do not see any ectopic EGFP expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Neurosphere cultures The cerebellar anlage was identified and dissected by its position and morphology (i.e. the dorsal portion of the metencephalon, superficial to the pons and bordered posteri ...
Cerebellum- and forebrain-derived stem cells
... endogenous Math1 expression, and we do not see any ectopic EGFP expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Neurosphere cultures The cerebellar anlage was identified and dissected by its position and morphology (i.e. the dorsal portion of the metencephalon, superficial to the pons and bordered posteri ...
... endogenous Math1 expression, and we do not see any ectopic EGFP expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Neurosphere cultures The cerebellar anlage was identified and dissected by its position and morphology (i.e. the dorsal portion of the metencephalon, superficial to the pons and bordered posteri ...
View/Open
... The terminations on involillltary fibers is much the same as that for voluntary muscle, but it is greatly simplified. The nerve endings in cardiac muscle are best distinguished by their branching over a wider area in the muscle fibers. Motor terminations in glandular structure takes the form of a ne ...
... The terminations on involillltary fibers is much the same as that for voluntary muscle, but it is greatly simplified. The nerve endings in cardiac muscle are best distinguished by their branching over a wider area in the muscle fibers. Motor terminations in glandular structure takes the form of a ne ...
18 The Somatosensory System II: Touch, Thermal Sense, and Pain
... • (1) contralateral loss of pain and thermal sensations over the body below the level of the lesion • (2) ipsilateral loss of discriminative tactile, vibratory, and position sense over the body below the level of the lesion • (3) ipsilateral paralysis of the leg or leg and arm, depending on the leve ...
... • (1) contralateral loss of pain and thermal sensations over the body below the level of the lesion • (2) ipsilateral loss of discriminative tactile, vibratory, and position sense over the body below the level of the lesion • (3) ipsilateral paralysis of the leg or leg and arm, depending on the leve ...
Hypothalamus and Limbic System, Lecture 2 Emotion and reward
... • Fear conditioning can be found in a large range of animals, from rodents to rabbits to humans. • As early as the 1920s, fear conditioning was demonstrated in infants. A white rat presented to an infant does not innately elicit fear, but pairing the rat with an aversive noise, produces crying and a ...
... • Fear conditioning can be found in a large range of animals, from rodents to rabbits to humans. • As early as the 1920s, fear conditioning was demonstrated in infants. A white rat presented to an infant does not innately elicit fear, but pairing the rat with an aversive noise, produces crying and a ...
Case Study in Muscle Physiology
... Then the halothane started to take effect and Mr. Thompson went under. Then, as surgery was about to begin, Mr. Thompson started twitching. The anesthesiologist saw Mr. Thompson’s heart rate increase a little, muscle contractions became strong and widespread throughout his body, and the patient bega ...
... Then the halothane started to take effect and Mr. Thompson went under. Then, as surgery was about to begin, Mr. Thompson started twitching. The anesthesiologist saw Mr. Thompson’s heart rate increase a little, muscle contractions became strong and widespread throughout his body, and the patient bega ...
Hypothalamus and Limbic System, Lecture 2
... found that brain stimulation to parts of the hypothalamus and related structures can act as a reinforcer. This stimulation worked independent of drive state (e.g. hunger), and has been replicated in many brain structures. A key finding in these studies is that brain stimulation activates neurons in ...
... found that brain stimulation to parts of the hypothalamus and related structures can act as a reinforcer. This stimulation worked independent of drive state (e.g. hunger), and has been replicated in many brain structures. A key finding in these studies is that brain stimulation activates neurons in ...
1 • In the animals of highly developed organization consisting of
... • In the central nervous system (CNS), nerve cells and nerve fibers are supported by the special cell groups, collectively called neuroglia. Usual connective tissue, fibroblasts and reticular and/or collagen fibers, is only found surrounding the blood vessels. In the histological specimens stained ...
... • In the central nervous system (CNS), nerve cells and nerve fibers are supported by the special cell groups, collectively called neuroglia. Usual connective tissue, fibroblasts and reticular and/or collagen fibers, is only found surrounding the blood vessels. In the histological specimens stained ...
Final Exam Answers
... B. The central processes of many nociceptors descend within the spinal tract of V. C. The axons of neurons within the spinal nucleus of V cross the midline and ascend to the thalamus. D. A and B only * E. A, B, and C 19. Which of the following statements regarding trigeminal neuralgia (or tic doulou ...
... B. The central processes of many nociceptors descend within the spinal tract of V. C. The axons of neurons within the spinal nucleus of V cross the midline and ascend to the thalamus. D. A and B only * E. A, B, and C 19. Which of the following statements regarding trigeminal neuralgia (or tic doulou ...
Anatomy of the basal ganglia - Gonda Brain Research Center
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
class_2015_readinglist
... viewing of (1) intact than scrambled two-tone faces, (2) full front-view face photos than front-view photos of houses, and (in a different set of five subjects) (3) three-quarterview face photos (with hair concealed) than photos of human hands; it also responded more strongly during (4) a consecutiv ...
... viewing of (1) intact than scrambled two-tone faces, (2) full front-view face photos than front-view photos of houses, and (in a different set of five subjects) (3) three-quarterview face photos (with hair concealed) than photos of human hands; it also responded more strongly during (4) a consecutiv ...
An electrophysiological investigation of a classically conditioned
... cortex is used as an unconditioned stimulus, may really be a postural ...
... cortex is used as an unconditioned stimulus, may really be a postural ...
Quiz5-2005
... Constant stimulation of skin eventually fails to produce sensation because a. over stimulation leads to chemical fatigue of receptors. b. receptors signal the cortex to decrease perception of touch. c. receptors tire physically and can no longer fire. d. receptors adapt to the stimulus and stop firi ...
... Constant stimulation of skin eventually fails to produce sensation because a. over stimulation leads to chemical fatigue of receptors. b. receptors signal the cortex to decrease perception of touch. c. receptors tire physically and can no longer fire. d. receptors adapt to the stimulus and stop firi ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... analysis of odor storage in piriform cortex through formation of associations between different components of an odor in anterior piriform cortex, and self-organization of additional odor responses in the posterior piriform cortex. The model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological rese ...
... analysis of odor storage in piriform cortex through formation of associations between different components of an odor in anterior piriform cortex, and self-organization of additional odor responses in the posterior piriform cortex. The model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological rese ...
Pax6 in the cerebellum - Development
... neurological mutants (Hatten and Heintz, 1995). Here we assess the role of the Pax6 gene in development of cerebellar structures, by comparing normal and Pax6-mutant Small eye mice at different gestational stages. The role of Pax6 in eye development has been the major focus of attention (Hanson and ...
... neurological mutants (Hatten and Heintz, 1995). Here we assess the role of the Pax6 gene in development of cerebellar structures, by comparing normal and Pax6-mutant Small eye mice at different gestational stages. The role of Pax6 in eye development has been the major focus of attention (Hanson and ...
Human MTL Lesions: Evidence Against the PM Hypothesis
... PROBLEM: large objects used relative to rats ...
... PROBLEM: large objects used relative to rats ...
Actions of compounds manipulating the nitric oxide system in the cat
... 1. We iontophoretically applied N -nitro-¬_arginine (l-NOArg), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), to cells (n = 77) in area 17 of anaesthetized and paralysed cats while recording single-unit activity extracellularly. In twenty-nine out of seventy-seven cells (38%), compounds altering NO le ...
... 1. We iontophoretically applied N -nitro-¬_arginine (l-NOArg), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), to cells (n = 77) in area 17 of anaesthetized and paralysed cats while recording single-unit activity extracellularly. In twenty-nine out of seventy-seven cells (38%), compounds altering NO le ...
David H. Hubel - Nobel Lecture
... glued. All this was ideal for stimulating the retina and recording directly from retinal ganglion cells, since one could see the electrode tip and know where to stimulate, but for cortical recording it was horrible. Finding a receptive field on the retina was difficult, and we could never remember w ...
... glued. All this was ideal for stimulating the retina and recording directly from retinal ganglion cells, since one could see the electrode tip and know where to stimulate, but for cortical recording it was horrible. Finding a receptive field on the retina was difficult, and we could never remember w ...
Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... • Consciousness–awareness of environment and self = two aspects: 1. content of consciousness- representing cognitive mental functions that reflect the activity of the cerebral cortex 2. arousal and wakefulness –dependent on the reticular activating system and its projections which in turn are activa ...
... • Consciousness–awareness of environment and self = two aspects: 1. content of consciousness- representing cognitive mental functions that reflect the activity of the cerebral cortex 2. arousal and wakefulness –dependent on the reticular activating system and its projections which in turn are activa ...
The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N
... and reverse memory deficits caused by free radicals. • Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are anti-oxidants used to combat oxidative-stress induced cell damage. • Studies indicate that both LA and NAC protect against oxidative stress in both peripheral and central nervous system. • Bo ...
... and reverse memory deficits caused by free radicals. • Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are anti-oxidants used to combat oxidative-stress induced cell damage. • Studies indicate that both LA and NAC protect against oxidative stress in both peripheral and central nervous system. • Bo ...
Walter J. Freeman Journal Article e-Reprint
... seems to be accomplished by axons from elsewhere in the brain that release modulatory chemicals (other than those involved in forming Hebbian synapses). The other primer is input itself. When cortical neurons are excited, their output increases. Each new input they receive while they are still exci ...
... seems to be accomplished by axons from elsewhere in the brain that release modulatory chemicals (other than those involved in forming Hebbian synapses). The other primer is input itself. When cortical neurons are excited, their output increases. Each new input they receive while they are still exci ...
What Musicians can Learn about Practicing from Current Brain
... it will run out of the holes. This is what your brain is like when you first start learning something new: the water running out the holes is all the wrong and irrelevant messages your brain is sending to your fingers. But when you plug up the holes in the hose, all of the water goes out the nozzle ...
... it will run out of the holes. This is what your brain is like when you first start learning something new: the water running out the holes is all the wrong and irrelevant messages your brain is sending to your fingers. But when you plug up the holes in the hose, all of the water goes out the nozzle ...