From visual field to V1
... geniculate nucleus (LGN) Superior colliculus controls saccadic eye movements: Coordinates visual, somatic and auditory information, adjusting movement of the head and eyes towards a stimulus 1. Superior colliculus – brain stem – eye muscles (oculomotor ...
... geniculate nucleus (LGN) Superior colliculus controls saccadic eye movements: Coordinates visual, somatic and auditory information, adjusting movement of the head and eyes towards a stimulus 1. Superior colliculus – brain stem – eye muscles (oculomotor ...
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
... lamina I projections to the PB have been narrowly viewed by some as subserving nociception (sensory input caused by damaging stimuli). However, the integrative role of lamina I, NTS, and PB in the homeostatic afferent pathway is clearly consistent with the dense projections of PB to the periaqueduct ...
... lamina I projections to the PB have been narrowly viewed by some as subserving nociception (sensory input caused by damaging stimuli). However, the integrative role of lamina I, NTS, and PB in the homeostatic afferent pathway is clearly consistent with the dense projections of PB to the periaqueduct ...
Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal
... sensory information in behavioural and linguistic sequences1,2. Such information is commonly encoded in more than one sense modality, notably sight and sound. Connections from sensory cortices to the prefrontal cortex support its integrative function3±5. Here we present the ®rst evidence that prefro ...
... sensory information in behavioural and linguistic sequences1,2. Such information is commonly encoded in more than one sense modality, notably sight and sound. Connections from sensory cortices to the prefrontal cortex support its integrative function3±5. Here we present the ®rst evidence that prefro ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... that had previously been associated with the same US. Blocking had a major bearing on the development of the contingency theory of associative learning [4], which has been a major breakthrough that diverted the focus of learning research from physical properties (e.g., intensity and temporal coincid ...
... that had previously been associated with the same US. Blocking had a major bearing on the development of the contingency theory of associative learning [4], which has been a major breakthrough that diverted the focus of learning research from physical properties (e.g., intensity and temporal coincid ...
Motor_lesions2009-04-18 00:3983 KB
... ○ It is only a few minutes in rats. ○ In human, the duration last 2-6 weeks. ● Complication of spinal shock: ○ hypotrension specially in high-level spinal cord lesion. ○ Increase protein catabolism due to lack of movement causing muscle wasting & bone dissolution. ○ Ischemia of the compresed against ...
... ○ It is only a few minutes in rats. ○ In human, the duration last 2-6 weeks. ● Complication of spinal shock: ○ hypotrension specially in high-level spinal cord lesion. ○ Increase protein catabolism due to lack of movement causing muscle wasting & bone dissolution. ○ Ischemia of the compresed against ...
Does computational neuroscience need new synaptic
... With the standard paradigms of learning in computational neuroscience reviewed above in mind, we return to the question of whether these paradigms are sufficient to account for the variety of observed learning behaviour, in particular, one-shot learning and updating acquired representations of the w ...
... With the standard paradigms of learning in computational neuroscience reviewed above in mind, we return to the question of whether these paradigms are sufficient to account for the variety of observed learning behaviour, in particular, one-shot learning and updating acquired representations of the w ...
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic properties of cortical layer VI
... The somatosensory thalamus receives ascending, excitatory projections from the periphery that bring sensory information to be relayed to the neocortex. These fibers are however outnumbered by the massive recurrent feedback projection from the somatosensory cortex (Rouiller and Welker 2000). Dependin ...
... The somatosensory thalamus receives ascending, excitatory projections from the periphery that bring sensory information to be relayed to the neocortex. These fibers are however outnumbered by the massive recurrent feedback projection from the somatosensory cortex (Rouiller and Welker 2000). Dependin ...
Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... with the aversive outcome, these neurons nonetheless had acquired an ability to discriminate by anticipating the positive or negative consequences of making a response. Consistent with this interpretation, further analyses indicated that selectivity developed as the rat learned the discrimination pr ...
... with the aversive outcome, these neurons nonetheless had acquired an ability to discriminate by anticipating the positive or negative consequences of making a response. Consistent with this interpretation, further analyses indicated that selectivity developed as the rat learned the discrimination pr ...
`What` and `where` in the human brain
... [24]. Within MST, many cells are selective for rotation or for the expansion/contraction of the image of any object moving in depth 125,261, and whereas such motion selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, ...
... [24]. Within MST, many cells are selective for rotation or for the expansion/contraction of the image of any object moving in depth 125,261, and whereas such motion selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... Actions are also complex behaviors, but they are not simply elicited by a stimulus. Rather, they are emitted in the combined presence of certain stimuli and internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes ...
... Actions are also complex behaviors, but they are not simply elicited by a stimulus. Rather, they are emitted in the combined presence of certain stimuli and internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes ...
Functional mapping of somato-motor properties in SII/pIC
... posterior fields contain neurons responding to proprioceptive stimuli, while the central field contains neurons responding to cutaneous stimuli. Furthermore, they speculated that the anterior field corresponds to area PV and that the central and posterior fields correspond to Krubitzer’s area SII pr ...
... posterior fields contain neurons responding to proprioceptive stimuli, while the central field contains neurons responding to cutaneous stimuli. Furthermore, they speculated that the anterior field corresponds to area PV and that the central and posterior fields correspond to Krubitzer’s area SII pr ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
Neurotechnique Targeted Whole-Cell Recordings in the Mammalian
... current steps (Figure 3B; Galarreta and Hestrin, 2002). These cells discharged APs with fast kinetics (see Table 1) and displayed an average resting membrane voltage of ⫺63 ⫾ 3 mV (n ⫽ 13). In order to determine the degree of spike frequency adaptation, we measured the average of the last three inte ...
... current steps (Figure 3B; Galarreta and Hestrin, 2002). These cells discharged APs with fast kinetics (see Table 1) and displayed an average resting membrane voltage of ⫺63 ⫾ 3 mV (n ⫽ 13). In order to determine the degree of spike frequency adaptation, we measured the average of the last three inte ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... motor command, the forward model predicts the sensory consequence of this command, in effect mimicking the movements of the body in parallel with actual movements. A dramatic example of error in a forward model is the weird feeling of lifting an object that we expect to be heavier than it actually i ...
... motor command, the forward model predicts the sensory consequence of this command, in effect mimicking the movements of the body in parallel with actual movements. A dramatic example of error in a forward model is the weird feeling of lifting an object that we expect to be heavier than it actually i ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONAL MIGRATION
... Because Reelin is expressed in a zone above the site where Purkinje cells cease migration (Miyata et al 1996), Reelin might curb the initial migration of the immature Purkinje cells. This action would suspend Purkinje cell precursors in a broad zone, where they interact with ingrowing axons (Mason e ...
... Because Reelin is expressed in a zone above the site where Purkinje cells cease migration (Miyata et al 1996), Reelin might curb the initial migration of the immature Purkinje cells. This action would suspend Purkinje cell precursors in a broad zone, where they interact with ingrowing axons (Mason e ...
CranialN11
... IV. Trochlear n. superior oblique muscle (Fig. 123). In Fig. 12-4 (not shown here), note that in the dorsal brainstem, all axons decussate. VI. Abducens n. lateral rectus muscle. XII. Hypoglossal n. all intrinsic tongue muscles and travel in corticobulbar tract (Fig. 11-2). Note the bilateral ...
... IV. Trochlear n. superior oblique muscle (Fig. 123). In Fig. 12-4 (not shown here), note that in the dorsal brainstem, all axons decussate. VI. Abducens n. lateral rectus muscle. XII. Hypoglossal n. all intrinsic tongue muscles and travel in corticobulbar tract (Fig. 11-2). Note the bilateral ...
Nature Medicine Interview
... My time at the NIH was incredibly rich, because so many really amazing people had come there during the Vietnam era, in part to escape the draft but also since it was the place to go for research training. It was five of the best years of my life and an unprecedented opportunity to just do research ...
... My time at the NIH was incredibly rich, because so many really amazing people had come there during the Vietnam era, in part to escape the draft but also since it was the place to go for research training. It was five of the best years of my life and an unprecedented opportunity to just do research ...
Diapositive 1 - Andrei Gorea, Ph
... A random dot stereogram at the top shows left and right eyes' images for crossed or uncrossed fusion (pair on the left or right respectively). Marr and Poggio's [10] proposal for establishing correct correspondences between dots in the two eyes' images is illustrated below, using only the dots highl ...
... A random dot stereogram at the top shows left and right eyes' images for crossed or uncrossed fusion (pair on the left or right respectively). Marr and Poggio's [10] proposal for establishing correct correspondences between dots in the two eyes' images is illustrated below, using only the dots highl ...
Neural Analysis
... mechanisms are based on the position of peak activity in this population of neurons. Prolonged exposure of a particular value on the dimension (A in the figure, for example) will depress the corresponding neurons to an extent that is inversely related to their response to the adapting stimulus. If w ...
... mechanisms are based on the position of peak activity in this population of neurons. Prolonged exposure of a particular value on the dimension (A in the figure, for example) will depress the corresponding neurons to an extent that is inversely related to their response to the adapting stimulus. If w ...
Receptive Field Properties of Single Neurons in Rat Primary Visual
... paralyzed animal by presenting gratings of different orientations, spatial and temporal frequencies, dimensions, and contrasts. Stimulus presentation and data collection were automated. Most neurons (190/ 205) showed sharply tuned (#30° bandwidth at half height) orientation selectivity with a bias f ...
... paralyzed animal by presenting gratings of different orientations, spatial and temporal frequencies, dimensions, and contrasts. Stimulus presentation and data collection were automated. Most neurons (190/ 205) showed sharply tuned (#30° bandwidth at half height) orientation selectivity with a bias f ...
neocortex-basic neuron types
... apical dendrite, low spine densities (hence they are also known as smooth and/or sparsely spiny neurons), beaded dendrites and axonal arbors that remain almost exclusively within a column (hence they are also known as local circuit neurons or interneurons; but see exceptions below). Instead of an ap ...
... apical dendrite, low spine densities (hence they are also known as smooth and/or sparsely spiny neurons), beaded dendrites and axonal arbors that remain almost exclusively within a column (hence they are also known as local circuit neurons or interneurons; but see exceptions below). Instead of an ap ...
15_QuizShowQuestions
... a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day/night cycle. b. Its output adjusts the activities of the hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the reticular formation. c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the ...
... a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day/night cycle. b. Its output adjusts the activities of the hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the reticular formation. c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the ...
Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing
... atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be located with precision. One approach has been developed by Kotak et al (2), using fresh thalamocortical brain slices: they used direct thalamic electrical stimulati ...
... atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be located with precision. One approach has been developed by Kotak et al (2), using fresh thalamocortical brain slices: they used direct thalamic electrical stimulati ...