Trial time warping to discriminate stimulus-related
... tapping at the instructed rate without the advantage of the sensory metronome (Repp, 2005; Wing and Kristofferson, 1973). We simulated activity during the four stimuli and four taps of the synchronization phase of the SCT, and restricted the analysis of the recorded neural responses to those cells t ...
... tapping at the instructed rate without the advantage of the sensory metronome (Repp, 2005; Wing and Kristofferson, 1973). We simulated activity during the four stimuli and four taps of the synchronization phase of the SCT, and restricted the analysis of the recorded neural responses to those cells t ...
PDF
... ter-type layer were more weakly correlated, while neurons within different eye-specific layers had the weakest, but still significant, correlations. If each retina independently generates spontaneous bursts of activity, there should be essentially no correlation between the patterns of spontaneous a ...
... ter-type layer were more weakly correlated, while neurons within different eye-specific layers had the weakest, but still significant, correlations. If each retina independently generates spontaneous bursts of activity, there should be essentially no correlation between the patterns of spontaneous a ...
Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... increases in activity for attention to the contralateral visual field, whereas areas in the right superior and inferior parietal lobules showed transient activation whenever attention was reallocated. Other areas in the left IPS showed the sustained pattern of activity for attention to the contralat ...
... increases in activity for attention to the contralateral visual field, whereas areas in the right superior and inferior parietal lobules showed transient activation whenever attention was reallocated. Other areas in the left IPS showed the sustained pattern of activity for attention to the contralat ...
Learning nonlinear functions on vectors: examples and predictions
... plots, the blue line represents the accumulated error averaged over 10 runs of the learned network, and the red line represents the accumulated error averaged over 10 runs of the control network. The dashed grey lines represent bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The accumulated error on the y-ax ...
... plots, the blue line represents the accumulated error averaged over 10 runs of the learned network, and the red line represents the accumulated error averaged over 10 runs of the control network. The dashed grey lines represent bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The accumulated error on the y-ax ...
Peripheral part of the vestibular system
... Take an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as meclizine (Antivert), or one containing dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), at least 30 to 60 minutes before you travel. Expect drowsiness as a side effect. Consider scopolamine (Transderm Scop), available in a prescription adhesive patch. Several hours before ...
... Take an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as meclizine (Antivert), or one containing dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), at least 30 to 60 minutes before you travel. Expect drowsiness as a side effect. Consider scopolamine (Transderm Scop), available in a prescription adhesive patch. Several hours before ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... by a horizontal yellow bar and the poor stimulus by a vertical blue bar. In fact, the identity of both stimuli varied from cell to cell. The yellow line shows the response of a V2 neuron to the preferred stimulus. The solid blue line shows the response to the poor stimulus. The green line shows the ...
... by a horizontal yellow bar and the poor stimulus by a vertical blue bar. In fact, the identity of both stimuli varied from cell to cell. The yellow line shows the response of a V2 neuron to the preferred stimulus. The solid blue line shows the response to the poor stimulus. The green line shows the ...
Slide 1
... The cell bodies of the 1st order neurons are located In the posterior root ganglion Anterior spinothalamic tract - crude touch and pressure -The fibers of 1st order neurons terminate by synapsing with cells in the posterior gray column (substantia gelatinosa) -The axons of 2nd order neurons cross ...
... The cell bodies of the 1st order neurons are located In the posterior root ganglion Anterior spinothalamic tract - crude touch and pressure -The fibers of 1st order neurons terminate by synapsing with cells in the posterior gray column (substantia gelatinosa) -The axons of 2nd order neurons cross ...
motor pathways i-iii
... These are neurons that exist at a higher level of the CNS and give rise to pathways ending on the LMNs. The concept is that the LMNs are regulated by the UMNs. The UMNs include: 1. Cerebral cortex a) Influences the LMNs by way of descending pathways. b) Descending pathways are referred to as the “py ...
... These are neurons that exist at a higher level of the CNS and give rise to pathways ending on the LMNs. The concept is that the LMNs are regulated by the UMNs. The UMNs include: 1. Cerebral cortex a) Influences the LMNs by way of descending pathways. b) Descending pathways are referred to as the “py ...
Association - University of South Alabama
... They recruited an infant, Albert, and paired a white rat (CS) with a loud clanging metal noise (UCS) Five days later, Albert exhibited fear of the rat, and similar stimuli, including a rabbit, dog, furry coat, and Santa Claus mask (generalization of phobia) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 ...
... They recruited an infant, Albert, and paired a white rat (CS) with a loud clanging metal noise (UCS) Five days later, Albert exhibited fear of the rat, and similar stimuli, including a rabbit, dog, furry coat, and Santa Claus mask (generalization of phobia) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 ...
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE BRAIN A. PRIMARY MOTOR
... - many cortical areas involved in movements send their axons to __________________ , which also receive terminals from ______________ (dopamine); -caudate and putamen neurons then send their axons to ____________________; - in turn, GP axons contact the ________________, which feedback onto cortex t ...
... - many cortical areas involved in movements send their axons to __________________ , which also receive terminals from ______________ (dopamine); -caudate and putamen neurons then send their axons to ____________________; - in turn, GP axons contact the ________________, which feedback onto cortex t ...
Telencephalic cells take a tangent: non
... then contentious notion that developing interneurons arose from extracortical sources32. This hypothesis was further supported by work showing that severing the developing neocortex from the ventral telencephalon not only resulted in the expected accumulation of neurons on the ventral side of the cu ...
... then contentious notion that developing interneurons arose from extracortical sources32. This hypothesis was further supported by work showing that severing the developing neocortex from the ventral telencephalon not only resulted in the expected accumulation of neurons on the ventral side of the cu ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... maximum response magnitudes were similar for two adjacent angles (two cells), the maximum magnitude was assigned midway between both directions. Although OFF responses also displayed clear directional sensitivity, we did not conduct quantitative analyses of OFF response tuning, because OFF response ...
... maximum response magnitudes were similar for two adjacent angles (two cells), the maximum magnitude was assigned midway between both directions. Although OFF responses also displayed clear directional sensitivity, we did not conduct quantitative analyses of OFF response tuning, because OFF response ...
8: Control of Movement Biological Bases of Behavior
... Flexion: contraction of a flexor muscle draws in a limb Extension: contraction of extensor muscle ...
... Flexion: contraction of a flexor muscle draws in a limb Extension: contraction of extensor muscle ...
Control of Movement
... Alpha motoneuron connected to the agonist muscle An inhibitory interneuron connected to the antagonist muscle Signals from the muscle spindle activate the agonist and inhibit the antagonist muscle ...
... Alpha motoneuron connected to the agonist muscle An inhibitory interneuron connected to the antagonist muscle Signals from the muscle spindle activate the agonist and inhibit the antagonist muscle ...
Lecture 37 Notes - MIT OpenCourseWare
... and basal forebrain structures to the mediodorsal nucleus (medial part) of the thalamus • MDm projects to orbitofrontal neocortex. in the portion of this cortex that extends into the insula. ...
... and basal forebrain structures to the mediodorsal nucleus (medial part) of the thalamus • MDm projects to orbitofrontal neocortex. in the portion of this cortex that extends into the insula. ...
Cibarial pump reflex and olfactory learning
... from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protruded from the end of the plastic tube. Specifically, if any of these indicators showed an increase in activity as a resul ...
... from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protruded from the end of the plastic tube. Specifically, if any of these indicators showed an increase in activity as a resul ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... by the onset and offset of the disparity and not by the disparity itself. We cannot determine this because we were not able to measure responses to dynamic RDS from this array. The responses to RDS we found in the fusiform area were disparity dependent whereas in the pericalcarine area were not (see ...
... by the onset and offset of the disparity and not by the disparity itself. We cannot determine this because we were not able to measure responses to dynamic RDS from this array. The responses to RDS we found in the fusiform area were disparity dependent whereas in the pericalcarine area were not (see ...
A bio-inspired learning signal for the cumulative learning - laral
... functional role of DA signal. One hipothesis[14–16] looks at the similarities of DA activations with the temporal-difference (TD) error of computational reinforcement learning [17], and suggests that phasic DA represents a reward prediction error signal with the role of guiding the maximisation of ...
... functional role of DA signal. One hipothesis[14–16] looks at the similarities of DA activations with the temporal-difference (TD) error of computational reinforcement learning [17], and suggests that phasic DA represents a reward prediction error signal with the role of guiding the maximisation of ...
powerpoint lecture
... • Most of cortex works together via complex connections – Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas – Send outputs to multiple areas, including premotor cortex ...
... • Most of cortex works together via complex connections – Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas – Send outputs to multiple areas, including premotor cortex ...
New dimensions of interneuronal specialization unmasked by
... collateral-associated (SCA) cells (b), neurogliaform (NGF) cells (c), Ivy cells (d), basket cells (BC) (e,f), bistratified (g) and oriens lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) cells (not illustrated). These cells can express different molecular markers, including cholecystokinin (CCK; blue), parvalbumin (PV; ...
... collateral-associated (SCA) cells (b), neurogliaform (NGF) cells (c), Ivy cells (d), basket cells (BC) (e,f), bistratified (g) and oriens lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) cells (not illustrated). These cells can express different molecular markers, including cholecystokinin (CCK; blue), parvalbumin (PV; ...
Functional Organization of Macaque V3 for
... because fusion was disrupted. A pair of optimal stimulus bars with a constant separation was swept over the screen so that each bar passed through one of the monocular receptive fields. Changing the stimulus bars’ horizontal separation relative to the receptive field separation changed the disparity ...
... because fusion was disrupted. A pair of optimal stimulus bars with a constant separation was swept over the screen so that each bar passed through one of the monocular receptive fields. Changing the stimulus bars’ horizontal separation relative to the receptive field separation changed the disparity ...
Slide 1
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
Bonaiuto_Progress-Report_3.31.07
... (Hassani et al., 1997; Cragg et al., 2004). Smith & Bolam (1990) suggest that the limbic striatum performs reward prediction in the adaptive critic. Brown et al., (1999) present a biologically plausible neural network that produces dopaminergic neuron firing rates corresponding to TD error. In this ...
... (Hassani et al., 1997; Cragg et al., 2004). Smith & Bolam (1990) suggest that the limbic striatum performs reward prediction in the adaptive critic. Brown et al., (1999) present a biologically plausible neural network that produces dopaminergic neuron firing rates corresponding to TD error. In this ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
39_LectureSlides
... After binocular deprivation, many cells remain responsive to both eyes. -Monocular experiment: activity from afferent pathways is critical -binocular experiment : the balance of activity between inputs is also important. ...
... After binocular deprivation, many cells remain responsive to both eyes. -Monocular experiment: activity from afferent pathways is critical -binocular experiment : the balance of activity between inputs is also important. ...