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Ch. 8 Conditioning and Learning
Ch. 8 Conditioning and Learning

... Aversive Conditioning: The client is exposed to an unpleasant stimulus while engaging in the targeted behavior, the goal being to create an aversion to it. In adults, aversive conditioning is often used to combat addictions such as smoking or alcoholism. One common method is the administration of a ...
Learning - Somerset Academy
Learning - Somerset Academy

... Biological tendency in which an organism learns to avoid food with a certain taste after a single experience, if eating it is followed by illness ...
Pavlovian Conditioning
Pavlovian Conditioning

... In a widely cited study reported in 1920, American researchers John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conditioned a phobic reaction in an eleven-month-old infant named Albert. The researchers discovered that Albert feared loud noises but seemed unafraid of a number of other things, including small animal ...
Learning - SchoolRack
Learning - SchoolRack

... Biological tendency in which an organism learns to avoid food with a certain taste after a single experience, if eating it is followed by illness ...
Chap 5 PPT - Cinnaminson
Chap 5 PPT - Cinnaminson

... reinforcement is always the same. • Variable interval schedule of reinforcement - schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event. ...
Learning - North Ridgeville City Schools
Learning - North Ridgeville City Schools

... introduction of a stimulus after the response occurs. • Ex. You are more likely to continue to study if you see your efforts rewarded in the form of good grades. If you study and fail, you are less likely to continue to study. • Negative reinforcement- A response is strengthened when it leads to the ...
Learning
Learning

... Stimulus Generalization – stimuli similar to UCS will evoke CR but to a lesser degree Stimulus Discrimination – presentation of stimulus similar to CS without UCS leads to this stimulus not producing a CR ...
Chapter 5 - Pearson Higher Education
Chapter 5 - Pearson Higher Education

... produce anxiety because it isn’t associated with dental pain. Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery  What would have happened if Pavlov had stopped giving the dogs food after the real CS? Pavlov did just that, and the dogs gradually stopped salivating to the sound of the ticking. When the metronome’s ...
The psychology of B. F. Skinner by William O`Donohue
The psychology of B. F. Skinner by William O`Donohue

... see to be both valid and invalid criticisms of Skinner’s work. They begin by describing the difference between good and bad exegesis and valid and invalid criticism. They then describe eight invalid criticisms, one of which is that Skinner’s science of behavior does not deal with consciousness, cogn ...
Learning
Learning

... tasks without immediate practice and without their regular trainer. They must demonstrate their abilities without food rewards (although a toy reward placed on rubble is allowed). Further, these hardworking canines must be recertified every two years to ensure that their skills remain at peak level. ...
Learning - AP Psychology
Learning - AP Psychology

... EFFECT – states that rewarded behavior is likely to recur Experiments conducted with animals in an operant chamber (Skinner Box) – a soundproof box, with a bar or key that an animal presses or pecks to release a reward ...
slides
slides

... whiskers). • Stimulus 12 is the opposite of stimulus generalization …that is, the response is ONLY to a specific stimulus; similar stimuli don’t work. • 13 (3 words) occurs when a CS functions as if it were a UCS, to establish new conditioning (e.g., condition to respond to a tone with saliva, pair ...
Learning
Learning

... Stimulus generalization involves giving a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the CS Stimulus discrimination involves responding to one stimulus but not another that is similar Confusing stimuli may cause experimental neurosis John Watson/Rosalie Rayner and Little Albert Copyright © ...
PowerPoint Slides
PowerPoint Slides

... York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the ...
Dissociative Identity Disorder: The Relevance of
Dissociative Identity Disorder: The Relevance of

... Twenty years later, Skinner echoed his earlier argument with "a self or personality is at best a repertoire of behavior imparted by an organized set of contingencies" (Skinner, 1974, p. 149). In a similar vein Eysenck (1959) stated his position as "personality as the sum total of actual or potential ...
Theories of Criminality and Problems of Prediction
Theories of Criminality and Problems of Prediction

... acculturated to a special behavior system in a learning process by association withother criminals. Sociologists drew these inferences primarily from delinquents in high rate delinquency areas, and from confirmed adult offenders. Later they extended these theoriesto upper-class and middle-class pers ...
Psychological Review, 46, 553-65. A STIMULUS - s-f
Psychological Review, 46, 553-65. A STIMULUS - s-f

... Freud (3) has explicitly acknowledged the possibility of anxiety occurring, especially in birds and other wild animals, as an instinctive reaction; but he takes the position that in human beings, instinctive anxiety (not to be confused with ‘instinctual’ anxiety, i.e., fear of the intensity of one’s ...
Learning
Learning

... which a response that has been learned is weakened by the absence or removal of reinforcement How does this differ from extinction in classical conditioning? ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Before conditioning takes place, the sound of the metronome does not cause salivation and is a neutral stimulus, or NS. During conditioning, the sound of the metronome occurs just before the presentation of the food, the UCS. The food causes salivation, the UCR. When conditioning has occurred after ...
Ch. 6 PowerPoint - Jessamine County Schools
Ch. 6 PowerPoint - Jessamine County Schools

... Operant Conditioning Learning in which an organism’s behavior is followed by a reward or punishment  Organism learns to perform behavior in order to gain a reward or avoid a ...
Latent learning
Latent learning

... Operant Conditioning Learning in which an organism’s behavior is followed by a reward or punishment  Organism learns to perform behavior in order to gain a reward or avoid a ...
Learning
Learning

... Unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated ...
Chapter 6: Learning - Doral Academy Preparatory
Chapter 6: Learning - Doral Academy Preparatory

... A. Time is an important variable in many psychological concepts. Describe a specific example that clearly demonstrates an understanding of each of the following concepts and how it relates to or is affected by time. Use a different example for each concept. ◦ Presentation of the conditioned stimulus ...
Introduction to Psychology: Kellogg Community College, Talbot
Introduction to Psychology: Kellogg Community College, Talbot

... FIGURE 6.17 To sample a programmed instruction format, try covering the terms on the left with a piece of paper. As you fill in the blanks, uncover one new term for each response. In this way, your correct (or incorrect) responses will be followed by immediate feedback. ...
Lecture 2 Foundations of Individual Behavior
Lecture 2 Foundations of Individual Behavior

... behaviours if they are positively reinforced for doing so. 3. Rewards are most effective if they immediately follow the desired response. 4. Any situation in which it is either explicitly stated or implicitly suggested that reinforcements are contingent on some action on your part involves the use o ...
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Insufficient justification

Insufficient justification (insufficient punishment) is a phenomenon under the realm of social psychology. It synthesizes theories of cognitive dissonance and internal vs. external justification. Essentially, insufficient justification is when an individual utilizes internal motivation to justify a behavior. It is most commonly seen in insufficient punishment, which is the dissonance experienced when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object, usually resulting in individuals’ devaluing the forbidden activity or object. That is, when an individual can’t come up with an external reason as to why they resisted doing something they wanted to, he or she decides to derogate the activity. Mild punishment will cause a more lasting behavioral change than severe punishment because internal justification is stronger than external justification.
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