A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. ...
... After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. ...
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... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
pathophysiology of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
... inattention leads to daydreaming, distractibility, and difficulties in sustaining effort on a single task for a prolonged period. Their impulsivity makes them accident prone, creates problems with peers, and disrupts classrooms. Their hyperactivity, often manifest as fidgeting and excessive talking, ...
... inattention leads to daydreaming, distractibility, and difficulties in sustaining effort on a single task for a prolonged period. Their impulsivity makes them accident prone, creates problems with peers, and disrupts classrooms. Their hyperactivity, often manifest as fidgeting and excessive talking, ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... (A) Wakefulness. During wakefulness, monoaminergic, hypocretinergic, and cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neur ...
... (A) Wakefulness. During wakefulness, monoaminergic, hypocretinergic, and cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neur ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
1 - Test Bank
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... microtubules under physiological conditions. Nonetheless it is possible that a population of highly dynamic, unstable microtubules were depolymerized during the fixation process, making the subcellular localization of these microtubules impossible to determine. The absence of microtubules in spines ...
... microtubules under physiological conditions. Nonetheless it is possible that a population of highly dynamic, unstable microtubules were depolymerized during the fixation process, making the subcellular localization of these microtubules impossible to determine. The absence of microtubules in spines ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... improving survival in experimental sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions of cytokine excess [2]. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other chemical mediators produced in the immu ...
... improving survival in experimental sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions of cytokine excess [2]. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other chemical mediators produced in the immu ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... diverse behavioural assessments would have been helpful to solidify our conclusions. Conclusion: Neuronal Gln deficiency in the prefrontal cortex may cause depressive behaviours. ...
... diverse behavioural assessments would have been helpful to solidify our conclusions. Conclusion: Neuronal Gln deficiency in the prefrontal cortex may cause depressive behaviours. ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... play a much more important modulatory role in hippocampal function than their paucity and distance from the hippocampus might suggest. SuM also has similar extensive connections with many other structures and may, then, similarly modulate many areas of the forebrain. The hippocampus has been postula ...
... play a much more important modulatory role in hippocampal function than their paucity and distance from the hippocampus might suggest. SuM also has similar extensive connections with many other structures and may, then, similarly modulate many areas of the forebrain. The hippocampus has been postula ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... I am collaborating with several investigators at UCSD and other institutions to study the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, I am working with Drs. Susan Tapert and Gerhard Schulteis on NIDA supported P-20 Center Grant to examine the role of interoception for drug addiction. Intero ...
... I am collaborating with several investigators at UCSD and other institutions to study the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, I am working with Drs. Susan Tapert and Gerhard Schulteis on NIDA supported P-20 Center Grant to examine the role of interoception for drug addiction. Intero ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
... If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... terminate centrally in the vagal lobe, a mid-medullary structure. Both the oral and extra-oral taste systems are important for the regulation and coordination of feeding behaviors in the catfish. ...
... terminate centrally in the vagal lobe, a mid-medullary structure. Both the oral and extra-oral taste systems are important for the regulation and coordination of feeding behaviors in the catfish. ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... hypothalamic area, whereas the BMAp innervates the ventromedial nucleus particularly heavily. Injections were also placed in the anterior cortical nucleus (COAa), a cell group superficially adjacent to the BMAa. PHAL-labeled axons from this cell group mainly ascend into the amygdala and olfactory ar ...
... hypothalamic area, whereas the BMAp innervates the ventromedial nucleus particularly heavily. Injections were also placed in the anterior cortical nucleus (COAa), a cell group superficially adjacent to the BMAa. PHAL-labeled axons from this cell group mainly ascend into the amygdala and olfactory ar ...
THE ELECTRODE-TISSUE INTERFACE DURING RECORDING
... in Minnesota. There are two people who were instrumental in my graduate career and I definitely would not been able to do this work without them. Svjetalana Miocinovic is one of the smartest and most generous people I know. She did a lot of the dirty work and I just happened to come along at the rig ...
... in Minnesota. There are two people who were instrumental in my graduate career and I definitely would not been able to do this work without them. Svjetalana Miocinovic is one of the smartest and most generous people I know. She did a lot of the dirty work and I just happened to come along at the rig ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... this rhythmical pattern is generated internally (“biological clock”) but is normally synchronized to environmental factors (called ZEITGEBERS). – most potent zeitgeber for sleep-wake rhythms is light. – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – ...
... this rhythmical pattern is generated internally (“biological clock”) but is normally synchronized to environmental factors (called ZEITGEBERS). – most potent zeitgeber for sleep-wake rhythms is light. – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... of sympathetic autonomic responsiveness. Highly susceptible subjects showed a reduction in responses with hypnosis when compared with several control conditions, whereas subjects with low susceptibility showed increased responding, the opposite effect. At the same time both groups shared evidence fr ...
... of sympathetic autonomic responsiveness. Highly susceptible subjects showed a reduction in responses with hypnosis when compared with several control conditions, whereas subjects with low susceptibility showed increased responding, the opposite effect. At the same time both groups shared evidence fr ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... cLDT-SLD, and GABAergic neurons in the cLDTSLD express cFos following enhanced REM sleep, we proposed that these two neuronal populations inhibit each other, and that this mutual inhibition produces state transitions into and out of REM sleep. These observations formed the basis for a flip-flop mode ...
... cLDT-SLD, and GABAergic neurons in the cLDTSLD express cFos following enhanced REM sleep, we proposed that these two neuronal populations inhibit each other, and that this mutual inhibition produces state transitions into and out of REM sleep. These observations formed the basis for a flip-flop mode ...
Full-Text PDF
... The vast majority of prothrombin is produced in the liver and released into the plasma. It circulates within the bloodstream until it is converted into mature thrombin in the the coagulation cascade [10]. Thrombin is a large, spherical molecule, with a major groove around its equatorial axis, that i ...
... The vast majority of prothrombin is produced in the liver and released into the plasma. It circulates within the bloodstream until it is converted into mature thrombin in the the coagulation cascade [10]. Thrombin is a large, spherical molecule, with a major groove around its equatorial axis, that i ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.