Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI
... cord may contribute to a wide range of effects, such as chronic pain after spinal cord injury, phantom limb pain and the placebo effect [10] . The method that has been used for the majority of the spinal cord fMRI studies published to date has received scepticism and criticism in the past, because i ...
... cord may contribute to a wide range of effects, such as chronic pain after spinal cord injury, phantom limb pain and the placebo effect [10] . The method that has been used for the majority of the spinal cord fMRI studies published to date has received scepticism and criticism in the past, because i ...
Reduced thalamic and pontine connectivity in Kleine–Levin
... to large portions of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum (Figure 1A). There were also connections between areas in the brain stem, including the pons and the midbrain, and the thalamus. Figure 1B shows that the dorsal pons had strong connections to the cerebellum, but also to the thalamus. Furthe ...
... to large portions of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum (Figure 1A). There were also connections between areas in the brain stem, including the pons and the midbrain, and the thalamus. Figure 1B shows that the dorsal pons had strong connections to the cerebellum, but also to the thalamus. Furthe ...
Local Field Potential in the Visual System
... a signal that provides useful information about the local processing that occurs in the cortical volume near the electrode tip. In part, this resurgent interest stems from studies that have linked hemodynamic signals, including the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal that is extensiv ...
... a signal that provides useful information about the local processing that occurs in the cortical volume near the electrode tip. In part, this resurgent interest stems from studies that have linked hemodynamic signals, including the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal that is extensiv ...
17. FARS to Language (2001) - USC
... PET study of human brain with 3 experimental conditions: Object observation (control condition) A key language area!!! Grasping observation Object prehension. The most striking result was highly significant activation in the rostral part of Broca's area. Another PET data, by Petrides et al., sho ...
... PET study of human brain with 3 experimental conditions: Object observation (control condition) A key language area!!! Grasping observation Object prehension. The most striking result was highly significant activation in the rostral part of Broca's area. Another PET data, by Petrides et al., sho ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... and variability of neuronal structure raises a question about its function. Cajal argued that the shape of neurons reflects their role in communication: dendrites conduct signals from postsynaptic terminals to the integration site, which is often the cell body; axons conduct signals from the cell bo ...
... and variability of neuronal structure raises a question about its function. Cajal argued that the shape of neurons reflects their role in communication: dendrites conduct signals from postsynaptic terminals to the integration site, which is often the cell body; axons conduct signals from the cell bo ...
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal
... not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. ...
... not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. ...
Document
... • Neural arrangement – gray matter cortex, internal white matter, scattered nuclei • Arbor vitae – distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar white matter Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Neural arrangement – gray matter cortex, internal white matter, scattered nuclei • Arbor vitae – distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar white matter Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
... Shape sensitive cells in V4 are often also color sensitive. Further color processing in V4 (e.g. color constancy). Cerebral achromatopsia = Loss of color vision through brain damage. The different pathways are of course not totally separate, but are interconnected in particular at higher cortical le ...
... Shape sensitive cells in V4 are often also color sensitive. Further color processing in V4 (e.g. color constancy). Cerebral achromatopsia = Loss of color vision through brain damage. The different pathways are of course not totally separate, but are interconnected in particular at higher cortical le ...
Philosophy of Mind and Neuroscience: the Case of Mirror Neurons
... has been overcome, thanks to twenty-one patients treated for epilepsy. Some electrodes have been planted in their brain for medical purposes. During their hospitalization, the researchers told them to perform certain actions, such as grasping objects, or to observe facial expressions. According to t ...
... has been overcome, thanks to twenty-one patients treated for epilepsy. Some electrodes have been planted in their brain for medical purposes. During their hospitalization, the researchers told them to perform certain actions, such as grasping objects, or to observe facial expressions. According to t ...
Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a
... CGp. Taking a broader view based on both electrophysiological and functional imaging evidence (summarized below), we conjecture that many of these observed modulations reflect the contribution of CGp to signaling environmental change and, when necessary, relevant shifts in behavioral policy. In our ...
... CGp. Taking a broader view based on both electrophysiological and functional imaging evidence (summarized below), we conjecture that many of these observed modulations reflect the contribution of CGp to signaling environmental change and, when necessary, relevant shifts in behavioral policy. In our ...
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
... mossy cells [88]. In addition to neuronal degeneration and gliosis, the so called mossy fiber sprouting and the dentate gyrus granule cell dispersion are also characteristic of HS [14]. They constitute a histological basis of functional reorganization of the hippocampus manifested by excessive excit ...
... mossy cells [88]. In addition to neuronal degeneration and gliosis, the so called mossy fiber sprouting and the dentate gyrus granule cell dispersion are also characteristic of HS [14]. They constitute a histological basis of functional reorganization of the hippocampus manifested by excessive excit ...
Edward Jones
... which teachers of mathematics direct their teaching. In a math examination, I always seemed to spend my time trying to decipher the written sense of a question rather than jumping intuitively, as my school fellows did, to the requisite formula for working it out. The decision to go to University cam ...
... which teachers of mathematics direct their teaching. In a math examination, I always seemed to spend my time trying to decipher the written sense of a question rather than jumping intuitively, as my school fellows did, to the requisite formula for working it out. The decision to go to University cam ...
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
... brain, is typically still tiny. This limitation arises from constraints on the number of neurons that can be imaged at the same time and the total brain size of the animal under study. Thus, interactions between neurons in different brain areas are easily missed, and functionally related ensembles o ...
... brain, is typically still tiny. This limitation arises from constraints on the number of neurons that can be imaged at the same time and the total brain size of the animal under study. Thus, interactions between neurons in different brain areas are easily missed, and functionally related ensembles o ...
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox in the Brain
... The data indicate that the human brain is capable of establishing close relationships with other brains (when it interacts with them appropriately) and may sustain such an interaction even at a distanee. Our results cannot be explained as due to sensory communication between subjects (since the subj ...
... The data indicate that the human brain is capable of establishing close relationships with other brains (when it interacts with them appropriately) and may sustain such an interaction even at a distanee. Our results cannot be explained as due to sensory communication between subjects (since the subj ...
Neuromins DHA
... Important throughout life, adequate DHA intake is especially important during fetal and early childhood ...
... Important throughout life, adequate DHA intake is especially important during fetal and early childhood ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
14 MOTOR NUCLEUS OF CRANIAL NERVE VII (MOTOR VII)
... transverse and longitudinal fiber bundles between which are large collections of pontine neurons called the PONTINE GREY (or GRAY). The longitudinal bundles are (1) corticobulbar, (2) corticospinal and, most important for this point, (3) CORTICOPONTINE FIBERS. ...
... transverse and longitudinal fiber bundles between which are large collections of pontine neurons called the PONTINE GREY (or GRAY). The longitudinal bundles are (1) corticobulbar, (2) corticospinal and, most important for this point, (3) CORTICOPONTINE FIBERS. ...
Introduction to Psychology
... Why are there so many neurotransmitters? Some neurotransmitters are used by specific “pathways” that interlink regions of the brain. It is as if different pathways speak different languages. Perhaps this helps prevent confusing “crosstalk” or intermixing of messages. For example, the brain has a rew ...
... Why are there so many neurotransmitters? Some neurotransmitters are used by specific “pathways” that interlink regions of the brain. It is as if different pathways speak different languages. Perhaps this helps prevent confusing “crosstalk” or intermixing of messages. For example, the brain has a rew ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of
... outputs 20 mW of power at 473 nm, and is coupled to a lightweight, flexible multimode optical fiber, ∼200 µm in diameter. To capitalize on the unique advantages of this system, we specifically targeted ChR2 to excitatory cells in vivo with the CaMKIIα promoter. Under these conditions, the intensity ...
... outputs 20 mW of power at 473 nm, and is coupled to a lightweight, flexible multimode optical fiber, ∼200 µm in diameter. To capitalize on the unique advantages of this system, we specifically targeted ChR2 to excitatory cells in vivo with the CaMKIIα promoter. Under these conditions, the intensity ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... leads to optokinetic eye movements with the slow phase toward the stimulated side (Schiff et al., 1988; Mustari and Fuchs, 1990; Taylor et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fischer, 2001). Similarly, lesion or inactivation of the NOTDTN leads to deficits of optokinetic eye movements during visual stimulation ...
... leads to optokinetic eye movements with the slow phase toward the stimulated side (Schiff et al., 1988; Mustari and Fuchs, 1990; Taylor et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fischer, 2001). Similarly, lesion or inactivation of the NOTDTN leads to deficits of optokinetic eye movements during visual stimulation ...
Top-down influence in early visual processing: a Bayesian perspective
... 1. Early visual cortex Neurons in the primary visual cortex are known to be tuned to specific elementary local features in the visual scenes. These features include location, line orientation, stereo disparity, movement direction, color and spatial frequency [1,2]. It is also known that V1 neurons a ...
... 1. Early visual cortex Neurons in the primary visual cortex are known to be tuned to specific elementary local features in the visual scenes. These features include location, line orientation, stereo disparity, movement direction, color and spatial frequency [1,2]. It is also known that V1 neurons a ...
olfaction and limbic system
... contains prepiriform & periamygdaloid areas. connectins with nucl. medialis dorsalis of thalamus, hypothalamus, hipocampal formation. ...
... contains prepiriform & periamygdaloid areas. connectins with nucl. medialis dorsalis of thalamus, hypothalamus, hipocampal formation. ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... A thesis submitted to the Centre for Neuroscience Studies In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science ...
... A thesis submitted to the Centre for Neuroscience Studies In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science ...
PDF file
... 2004 [33] and Sur & Rubenstein 2005 [37]). All cells, other than the original zygote, in the body of a multi-cellular eukaryotic life are emergent from the zygote, whose emergence is regulated by the genome in the nucleus of every cell. It seems to be the emergence of such network representtation – ...
... 2004 [33] and Sur & Rubenstein 2005 [37]). All cells, other than the original zygote, in the body of a multi-cellular eukaryotic life are emergent from the zygote, whose emergence is regulated by the genome in the nucleus of every cell. It seems to be the emergence of such network representtation – ...
III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... significantly increased, whereas the concentration of substance P, VIP and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the a ...
... significantly increased, whereas the concentration of substance P, VIP and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the a ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.