THE MIRROR SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS: FROM A MACAQUE
... differences in imitative abilities across species to differences in working memory capacity. However, this is not evident from the current data, and differences in imitative ability could very well be due to differences in the mechanism(s) of hierarchical movement aspect decomposition. The fact that ...
... differences in imitative abilities across species to differences in working memory capacity. However, this is not evident from the current data, and differences in imitative ability could very well be due to differences in the mechanism(s) of hierarchical movement aspect decomposition. The fact that ...
the mirror system hypothesis: from a macaque
... differences in imitative abilities across species to differences in working memory capacity. However, this is not evident from the current data, and differences in imitative ability could very well be due to differences in the mechanism(s) of hierarchical movement aspect decomposition. The fact that ...
... differences in imitative abilities across species to differences in working memory capacity. However, this is not evident from the current data, and differences in imitative ability could very well be due to differences in the mechanism(s) of hierarchical movement aspect decomposition. The fact that ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... the cerebellum, which passes via the superior cerebellar peduncle (Fig. 1 left). The cerebellar deep nuclei are known to send efferent collateral axons to the PPN region on their way to the thalamus in monkeys.18 Thus DT imaging confirms the existence of this pathway in humans that supports the func ...
... the cerebellum, which passes via the superior cerebellar peduncle (Fig. 1 left). The cerebellar deep nuclei are known to send efferent collateral axons to the PPN region on their way to the thalamus in monkeys.18 Thus DT imaging confirms the existence of this pathway in humans that supports the func ...
Interneuron Transplantation as a Treatment for
... Loeffler 1990; Morrison et al. 1997). This period of rapid prenatal neurogenesis ends shortly after birth when the brain has been populated with appropriate numbers of neurons and support cells. Although the addition of new brain cells can persist in the mature nervous system (Altman 1963), adult ne ...
... Loeffler 1990; Morrison et al. 1997). This period of rapid prenatal neurogenesis ends shortly after birth when the brain has been populated with appropriate numbers of neurons and support cells. Although the addition of new brain cells can persist in the mature nervous system (Altman 1963), adult ne ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
... generate synthetic brain networks from a small number of basic circuits, we can cast these neurons into a web-based database of synthetic brain microstructure. This is the direct (or synthetic) brain construction process. We can then turn the table to the indirect (or reciprocal ) process, and devel ...
... generate synthetic brain networks from a small number of basic circuits, we can cast these neurons into a web-based database of synthetic brain microstructure. This is the direct (or synthetic) brain construction process. We can then turn the table to the indirect (or reciprocal ) process, and devel ...
Glioblastoma - The Brain Tumour Charity
... often appear resistant to treatment. It is believed that the heterogeneity (variety) of cells in a glioblastoma is one of the reasons for this. We do not yet have effective treatments against all the cell types in the tumour. As a result not all celltypes will be targeted by the current treatments, ...
... often appear resistant to treatment. It is believed that the heterogeneity (variety) of cells in a glioblastoma is one of the reasons for this. We do not yet have effective treatments against all the cell types in the tumour. As a result not all celltypes will be targeted by the current treatments, ...
Ajna Light Theory and Science Guy Harriman June 2015 The Ajna
... ganglion cell should not be overlooked. Their invertebrate-like phototransduction cascade makes them unique among all other known vertebrate photoreceptors, and provide a window into possible mechanisms of the evolution of the retina. In addition to their intrinsic melanopsin-driven photosensitivity ...
... ganglion cell should not be overlooked. Their invertebrate-like phototransduction cascade makes them unique among all other known vertebrate photoreceptors, and provide a window into possible mechanisms of the evolution of the retina. In addition to their intrinsic melanopsin-driven photosensitivity ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... relation). At the same time, the same configuration of firing neurons cannot give rise to two (or more) different short-term spectra. Thus, two different short-term power spectra most likely are originated from two different configurations of firing neurons [2]. Consequently, short-term SP character ...
... relation). At the same time, the same configuration of firing neurons cannot give rise to two (or more) different short-term spectra. Thus, two different short-term power spectra most likely are originated from two different configurations of firing neurons [2]. Consequently, short-term SP character ...
Glioblastoma - The Brain Tumour Charity
... Unfortunately glioblastomas are aggressive tumours and often appear resistant to treatment. It is believed that the heterogeneity (variety) of cells in a glioblastoma is one of the reasons for this. We do not yet have effective treatments against all the cell types in the tumour. As a result not all ...
... Unfortunately glioblastomas are aggressive tumours and often appear resistant to treatment. It is believed that the heterogeneity (variety) of cells in a glioblastoma is one of the reasons for this. We do not yet have effective treatments against all the cell types in the tumour. As a result not all ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... general autonomic activation (7). A separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by the same group showed that regions in the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, as well as extrastriate visual cortex and cerebellum, were activated just before discrete sweating events, implicating neu ...
... general autonomic activation (7). A separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by the same group showed that regions in the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, as well as extrastriate visual cortex and cerebellum, were activated just before discrete sweating events, implicating neu ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... on the neuropsychological field theories of Lashley (1929), Köhler (1940) and Pribram (1971). Karl Lashley wrote: "Generalization [stimulus equivalence] is one of the primitive basic functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell throug ...
... on the neuropsychological field theories of Lashley (1929), Köhler (1940) and Pribram (1971). Karl Lashley wrote: "Generalization [stimulus equivalence] is one of the primitive basic functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell throug ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... the mirror system. This has been shown by a series of brain imaging studies that examined the mirror activations in persons expert in specific motor skills and comparing them with the activations determined by the same stimuli in individuals having different motor experience. The results showed that ...
... the mirror system. This has been shown by a series of brain imaging studies that examined the mirror activations in persons expert in specific motor skills and comparing them with the activations determined by the same stimuli in individuals having different motor experience. The results showed that ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
feature analyzers in the brain
... sensory: predator or prey signal ? motor: appropriate behavior opposite responses to stimuli must be fast ...
... sensory: predator or prey signal ? motor: appropriate behavior opposite responses to stimuli must be fast ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... field potentials (7) during interictal activity. The interictal activity was elicited by penicillin. A,B: Potential distribution after surface application of the drug. In A, the spread of penicillin is limited by the use of penicillinase. C: Potential distribution after intracortical application of ...
... field potentials (7) during interictal activity. The interictal activity was elicited by penicillin. A,B: Potential distribution after surface application of the drug. In A, the spread of penicillin is limited by the use of penicillinase. C: Potential distribution after intracortical application of ...
Lecture 12
... • analogy to vision – cortical magnification – somatotopic organization – multiple maps of the body in S1 and S2 ...
... • analogy to vision – cortical magnification – somatotopic organization – multiple maps of the body in S1 and S2 ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
Neuronal activity (c-Fos) delineating interactions of the cerebral
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
ExamView - Unit 3 Practice Test.tst
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... Van Essen 1991)] is far removed from the early areas (V1–V3) and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recen ...
... Van Essen 1991)] is far removed from the early areas (V1–V3) and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recen ...
An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
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... communicate directly without sending chemical messengers. Their operation has not been fully understood by researchers. Plasticity The brain can adapt or modify itself, a process known as plasticity. Plasticity helps to account for the brain’s ability to compensate for injury. It also accoun ...
... communicate directly without sending chemical messengers. Their operation has not been fully understood by researchers. Plasticity The brain can adapt or modify itself, a process known as plasticity. Plasticity helps to account for the brain’s ability to compensate for injury. It also accoun ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.