Trial time warping to discriminate stimulus-related
... that the correct alignment would produce homogeneous trials without excess trial-to-trial variation. We use Bayes factors to determine the evidence in favor of sensory or motor neural alignments. The simulations revealed that the variability in neural responses and sequential motor outputs are key p ...
... that the correct alignment would produce homogeneous trials without excess trial-to-trial variation. We use Bayes factors to determine the evidence in favor of sensory or motor neural alignments. The simulations revealed that the variability in neural responses and sequential motor outputs are key p ...
srep31126 - University of Aberdeen
... and the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Current treatments are palliative and do not alter overall prognosis. Although schizophrenia normally presents in early adult life, overwhelming evidence indicates that it has a strong neurodevelopmental component1,2. An increased predisposition has ...
... and the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Current treatments are palliative and do not alter overall prognosis. Although schizophrenia normally presents in early adult life, overwhelming evidence indicates that it has a strong neurodevelopmental component1,2. An increased predisposition has ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • “Kicks in” only during exertion, stress, or emergency • “Fight or flight” • Parasympathetic Division • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
... • “Kicks in” only during exertion, stress, or emergency • “Fight or flight” • Parasympathetic Division • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
Unilateral Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduce
... present study indicated that the cortical neurons in PFC could influence the activity of the STN via the cortico-subthalamic pathway in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. These results, together with the similar findings of previous studies, indicate that the PFC and STN regions are electrophysiologically related. ...
... present study indicated that the cortical neurons in PFC could influence the activity of the STN via the cortico-subthalamic pathway in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. These results, together with the similar findings of previous studies, indicate that the PFC and STN regions are electrophysiologically related. ...
Neural Basis of Prosopagnosia: An fMRI Study
... childhood. Developmental prosopagnosia is a face recognition deficit occurring in the absence of an established neurological disease [McConachie, 1976]. Patient GA (M, 27 years) suffered from a head injury at 18 months, whereas Patient RP (M, 49 years) was injured at age 7 years. As is often the cas ...
... childhood. Developmental prosopagnosia is a face recognition deficit occurring in the absence of an established neurological disease [McConachie, 1976]. Patient GA (M, 27 years) suffered from a head injury at 18 months, whereas Patient RP (M, 49 years) was injured at age 7 years. As is often the cas ...
cerebral and gastric histamine system is altered after portocaval shunt
... stomach. Moreover, the acid hypersecretion could be attenuated by inhibiting HDC (3). Detailed histochemical, electron microscopical and biochemical studies (4) provided evidence that the changes in histamine system are brought about by an increased number, size and granularity of enterochromaffin-l ...
... stomach. Moreover, the acid hypersecretion could be attenuated by inhibiting HDC (3). Detailed histochemical, electron microscopical and biochemical studies (4) provided evidence that the changes in histamine system are brought about by an increased number, size and granularity of enterochromaffin-l ...
ppt
... and is linked to others that are selective for another specific motor act. Together, they encode a specific motor action (for example, grasping for eating or grasping for placing ). The same neurons have mirror ...
... and is linked to others that are selective for another specific motor act. Together, they encode a specific motor action (for example, grasping for eating or grasping for placing ). The same neurons have mirror ...
Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... Neuroanatomy is a complex subject. The wealth of anatomical detail discovered and described over the past century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunat ...
... Neuroanatomy is a complex subject. The wealth of anatomical detail discovered and described over the past century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunat ...
ManuscriptPTA_R1_FINAL - Spiral
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experiment, ‘photic sneezers’ and controls were exposed to a standard checkerboard stimulus (block 1) and bright flashing lights ...
... individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experiment, ‘photic sneezers’ and controls were exposed to a standard checkerboard stimulus (block 1) and bright flashing lights ...
Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal
... Several electrophysiological studies have shown that neurons in area STP have complex sensory properties. Firstly, although STP neurons are predominantly purely visual, a signi®cant proportion of them have also somatosensory and/or auditory responses (Bruce et al., 1981; Bayliss et al., 1987). Secon ...
... Several electrophysiological studies have shown that neurons in area STP have complex sensory properties. Firstly, although STP neurons are predominantly purely visual, a signi®cant proportion of them have also somatosensory and/or auditory responses (Bruce et al., 1981; Bayliss et al., 1987). Secon ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
Pediatric neuro imaging gets boost from Ingenia
... tissue classification images and quantitative determinations of parameters such as white and gray matter volumes and cortical thickness. These voxel-based morphology (VBM) techniques require high-resolution 1 mm isotropic volume data sets which we now acquire routinely. The goal of this additional i ...
... tissue classification images and quantitative determinations of parameters such as white and gray matter volumes and cortical thickness. These voxel-based morphology (VBM) techniques require high-resolution 1 mm isotropic volume data sets which we now acquire routinely. The goal of this additional i ...
Skeletal Reflexes - University of Houston College of Optometry
... organs in number and structure They’re present because they are a natural constituent of striated muscle ...
... organs in number and structure They’re present because they are a natural constituent of striated muscle ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... thickness and structure of the cerebral cortex. Most successful in these efforts was K. Brodmann, who in 1906 produced an elaborate numbered mosaic of 52 cortical areas, now called Brodmann areas. With a structural map emerging, early neurologists were eager to localize functional regions of the cor ...
... thickness and structure of the cerebral cortex. Most successful in these efforts was K. Brodmann, who in 1906 produced an elaborate numbered mosaic of 52 cortical areas, now called Brodmann areas. With a structural map emerging, early neurologists were eager to localize functional regions of the cor ...
Functional sex differences in human primary auditory cortex
... significant deactivation in the male group. This deactivation was located in the right dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex extending to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus, covering primarily BA 9 (Fig. 4 and Table 1). In contrast, no significant deactivation was found in the femal ...
... significant deactivation in the male group. This deactivation was located in the right dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex extending to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus, covering primarily BA 9 (Fig. 4 and Table 1). In contrast, no significant deactivation was found in the femal ...
- Warwick WRAP
... respectively. Analyses have shown that C = 0.078 and α = 0.689 for endotherms (including mammals, birds, insectivores, primates, dolphins and humans), and C = 0.014 and α = 0.578 for ectotherms (primarily fish, reptiles and amphibians). The parameters C and α vary across species (see Additional file ...
... respectively. Analyses have shown that C = 0.078 and α = 0.689 for endotherms (including mammals, birds, insectivores, primates, dolphins and humans), and C = 0.014 and α = 0.578 for ectotherms (primarily fish, reptiles and amphibians). The parameters C and α vary across species (see Additional file ...
Nervous System
... – Language is dependent upon memory – Seeing and hearing words- dependent upon primary visual and auditory center functions – Speaking words-depends upon primary motor cortex function – Left and right cerebral hemispheres have different functions related to language and speech • Broca’s and Wernicke ...
... – Language is dependent upon memory – Seeing and hearing words- dependent upon primary visual and auditory center functions – Speaking words-depends upon primary motor cortex function – Left and right cerebral hemispheres have different functions related to language and speech • Broca’s and Wernicke ...
Précis of The Brain and Emotion
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... describe cortical types quantitatively (Dombrowski et al. 2001). As novel markers are introduced, investigators will be able to use several discriminant features of cortical type to assess with greater accuracy the degree of structural similarity/dissimilarity among areas. Distant cortices can be si ...
... describe cortical types quantitatively (Dombrowski et al. 2001). As novel markers are introduced, investigators will be able to use several discriminant features of cortical type to assess with greater accuracy the degree of structural similarity/dissimilarity among areas. Distant cortices can be si ...
05 The Somatosensory System
... II.Severing the nerve doesn’t help. Blocking the nerve doesn’t help. Removing the portion of the thalamus that relays the information to the brain doesn’t help III.Stimulating the nerve does help. Electric or manual stimulation of the stump helps tremendously electric more so). Psychology 355 ...
... II.Severing the nerve doesn’t help. Blocking the nerve doesn’t help. Removing the portion of the thalamus that relays the information to the brain doesn’t help III.Stimulating the nerve does help. Electric or manual stimulation of the stump helps tremendously electric more so). Psychology 355 ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... pathway by activating small groups of neurons for short durations seems naive. In other neural systems, the use of microstimulation developed along a different tradition. Microstimulation was applied on a longer time scale thereby evoking some aspects of normal behavior. The technique was used succe ...
... pathway by activating small groups of neurons for short durations seems naive. In other neural systems, the use of microstimulation developed along a different tradition. Microstimulation was applied on a longer time scale thereby evoking some aspects of normal behavior. The technique was used succe ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... mOFC ( p ⬍ 0.05, SVC) (Fig. 3B), and the dorsomedial striatum (specifically anterior medial caudate nucleus; p ⬍ 0.001 uncorrected) (Fig. 3C) (see supplemental Table 2, available at www. jneurosci.org as supplemental material). We then looked at a finer 200 ms time scale to see how neural activity i ...
... mOFC ( p ⬍ 0.05, SVC) (Fig. 3B), and the dorsomedial striatum (specifically anterior medial caudate nucleus; p ⬍ 0.001 uncorrected) (Fig. 3C) (see supplemental Table 2, available at www. jneurosci.org as supplemental material). We then looked at a finer 200 ms time scale to see how neural activity i ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... excitatory and inhibitory PSPs.This perturbation does not change the total number or the timing of the action potentials in a significant way. An action potential is deleted (unfilled arrowheads in upper trace) or added (filled orrowheods in lower trace) in on/y a few instances. (B) A simulated neur ...
... excitatory and inhibitory PSPs.This perturbation does not change the total number or the timing of the action potentials in a significant way. An action potential is deleted (unfilled arrowheads in upper trace) or added (filled orrowheods in lower trace) in on/y a few instances. (B) A simulated neur ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.