Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... when Mike suggested placing wires in the cortex of cats and recording from them while they were awake. The attempt was a failure, but the idea captured David’s imagination. He began developing techniques for recording from animals while they were awake. He first developed a tough tungsten microelect ...
... when Mike suggested placing wires in the cortex of cats and recording from them while they were awake. The attempt was a failure, but the idea captured David’s imagination. He began developing techniques for recording from animals while they were awake. He first developed a tough tungsten microelect ...
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI
... Because of its noninvasive nature and good spatial resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used in studying human brain function since its emergence in 1992 (Bandettini et al. 1992; Kwong et al. 1992; Ogawa et al. 1992). In the field of human motor control, rec ...
... Because of its noninvasive nature and good spatial resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used in studying human brain function since its emergence in 1992 (Bandettini et al. 1992; Kwong et al. 1992; Ogawa et al. 1992). In the field of human motor control, rec ...
chapter 9: nervous system
... Learning Outcome 11: Describe the events that lead to the conduction of a nerve impulse. 1. Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines a. Describe how polarization is due to an unequal distribution of positive and negative ions between sides of a cell membrane. b. Discuss the concept of the opening and clos ...
... Learning Outcome 11: Describe the events that lead to the conduction of a nerve impulse. 1. Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines a. Describe how polarization is due to an unequal distribution of positive and negative ions between sides of a cell membrane. b. Discuss the concept of the opening and clos ...
- Princeton University
... the tracking of the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously (Ohki et al., 2005). However, because high-resolution imaging requires mechanical stability, all previous in vivo mouse TPM studies have used anesthetized preparations. Anesthesia greatly reduces overall brain activity (Berg-Johnsen ...
... the tracking of the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously (Ohki et al., 2005). However, because high-resolution imaging requires mechanical stability, all previous in vivo mouse TPM studies have used anesthetized preparations. Anesthesia greatly reduces overall brain activity (Berg-Johnsen ...
nervous system text b - powerpoint presentation
... A. Axons are myelinated by the activities of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. B. Perhaps the most important reason for this is that myelination allows for higher velocities of nervous impulse or action potential conduction. C. Action ...
... A. Axons are myelinated by the activities of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. B. Perhaps the most important reason for this is that myelination allows for higher velocities of nervous impulse or action potential conduction. C. Action ...
The Distribution of Immunoreactivity for
... are stimulated by estrogens but inhibited by androgens. Although mechanisms are uncertain, one factor that could help define the spheres of influence and/or divisions of labor seen in hormone stimulation of the cerebral cortex could be the specific cortical distributions that intracellular, i.e. nuc ...
... are stimulated by estrogens but inhibited by androgens. Although mechanisms are uncertain, one factor that could help define the spheres of influence and/or divisions of labor seen in hormone stimulation of the cerebral cortex could be the specific cortical distributions that intracellular, i.e. nuc ...
Alterations in white matter fractional anisotropy in subsyndromal perimenopausal depression Open Access
... include great variations in plasma sex hormone levels, especially the fluctuation of estradiol (E2) at a higher level than in premenopause [11]; and effects on the central nervous system by the sex hormones such as estrogen and androgen [12]. Therefore, sex hormones are thought to play an important ...
... include great variations in plasma sex hormone levels, especially the fluctuation of estradiol (E2) at a higher level than in premenopause [11]; and effects on the central nervous system by the sex hormones such as estrogen and androgen [12]. Therefore, sex hormones are thought to play an important ...
Paper: Temporal Convergence of Dynamic Cell Assemblies in the
... The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Schoo ...
... The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Schoo ...
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Obsessive
... This is linked to deficits in visuospatial processing and visual memories, which is observed in some OCD patients. ◦ Based on this imaging study, these deficits may be found primarily in hoarding patients. ...
... This is linked to deficits in visuospatial processing and visual memories, which is observed in some OCD patients. ◦ Based on this imaging study, these deficits may be found primarily in hoarding patients. ...
Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience 1.1 Multiple Choice 1) The mind
... 15) A person has undergone the "split-brain" procedure to treat a clinical disorder. After her left nostril is plugged with cotton, the scent of a flower is directed to her right nostril. We would expect this odor to A) generate a sensory message in the left hemisphere of her brain. B) generate a se ...
... 15) A person has undergone the "split-brain" procedure to treat a clinical disorder. After her left nostril is plugged with cotton, the scent of a flower is directed to her right nostril. We would expect this odor to A) generate a sensory message in the left hemisphere of her brain. B) generate a se ...
Non-human primates in neuroscience research: The case against its
... that is irreplaceable for essential insights into cognitive functions, brain disease, and therapy” (13). Many of these general claims are augmented by issues that are not relevant to, and have no place in, the NHP research debate, and which should be dismissed. For example, it is frequently stated t ...
... that is irreplaceable for essential insights into cognitive functions, brain disease, and therapy” (13). Many of these general claims are augmented by issues that are not relevant to, and have no place in, the NHP research debate, and which should be dismissed. For example, it is frequently stated t ...
Specialized Neurotransmitters Dopamine
... electrical impulse to be regenerated. After the neurotransmitter relays it message it is rapidly REMOVED or DESTROYED, thus halting its effect. ENZYMES, taken up again by the axon terminal and recycled, may break down the molecules of the neurotransmitter or they may simply diffuse away. ...
... electrical impulse to be regenerated. After the neurotransmitter relays it message it is rapidly REMOVED or DESTROYED, thus halting its effect. ENZYMES, taken up again by the axon terminal and recycled, may break down the molecules of the neurotransmitter or they may simply diffuse away. ...
Thyroid hormone exerts site-specific effects on SRC
... whether changes in circulating levels of TH could affect the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be co ...
... whether changes in circulating levels of TH could affect the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be co ...
The Etiology of Migraine
... Hormonal changes might explain some features of migraine, but it is not known how or at what level in the migraine pathway. Migraine in young adults is three times more frequent in women, but the increased attacks might occur during the entire menstrual cycle. There is no known reason why migraine h ...
... Hormonal changes might explain some features of migraine, but it is not known how or at what level in the migraine pathway. Migraine in young adults is three times more frequent in women, but the increased attacks might occur during the entire menstrual cycle. There is no known reason why migraine h ...
f19c623c99fc721
... -Patients complain of stiffness & inability to relax -Muscles become permanently "tight" or spastic. When there is a loss of descending inhibition from the brain to ...
... -Patients complain of stiffness & inability to relax -Muscles become permanently "tight" or spastic. When there is a loss of descending inhibition from the brain to ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
... on PTG tend to focus on the psychological phenomena rather than on the neurological mechanisms, thus the neural mechanisms underlying PTG remain unclear. Previous neurological studies on traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) focused on the neural basis of the negative outcomes (e ...
... on PTG tend to focus on the psychological phenomena rather than on the neurological mechanisms, thus the neural mechanisms underlying PTG remain unclear. Previous neurological studies on traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) focused on the neural basis of the negative outcomes (e ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). ...
... and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). ...
primary motor cortex
... Contains working memory needed for judgment, reasoning and conscience Development depends on feedback from social environment ...
... Contains working memory needed for judgment, reasoning and conscience Development depends on feedback from social environment ...
Neurological Consequences
... unable to distribute noradrenaline, they adjust by increasing their level of activity in an effort to regain homeostasis. 2. Roughly normal amounts of noradrenaline can now be distributed throughout the body, and the opioid dependent feels more or less like normal. 3 .Also, the opioid receptors gra ...
... unable to distribute noradrenaline, they adjust by increasing their level of activity in an effort to regain homeostasis. 2. Roughly normal amounts of noradrenaline can now be distributed throughout the body, and the opioid dependent feels more or less like normal. 3 .Also, the opioid receptors gra ...
PDF
... be done at thalamic and brainstem levels, but not under visual guidance. Therefore, the somatotopy of these subcortical representations is both harder to determine in detail, and harder to illustrate compared to the two-dimensional cortical maps. In addition, reorganized area 3b maps reflect both su ...
... be done at thalamic and brainstem levels, but not under visual guidance. Therefore, the somatotopy of these subcortical representations is both harder to determine in detail, and harder to illustrate compared to the two-dimensional cortical maps. In addition, reorganized area 3b maps reflect both su ...
Spontaneous plasticity in the injured spinal cord
... wherein the injured distal components of axons that are spared by a lesion sprout to occupy adjacent synapses vacated by a lesioned neighboring axon. The unmasking form of plasticity can occur very rapidly—within minutes of an injury—and has been documented on the electrophysiological level to occur ...
... wherein the injured distal components of axons that are spared by a lesion sprout to occupy adjacent synapses vacated by a lesioned neighboring axon. The unmasking form of plasticity can occur very rapidly—within minutes of an injury—and has been documented on the electrophysiological level to occur ...
Nervous System II- The Brain, Cranial Nerves & Autonomic
... • Pituitary Gland: often called the master gland because it controls many other glands • Optic Chiasm: formed by the crossing of the 2 optic nerves BIO Lab 102 Lec 6-Nervous II ...
... • Pituitary Gland: often called the master gland because it controls many other glands • Optic Chiasm: formed by the crossing of the 2 optic nerves BIO Lab 102 Lec 6-Nervous II ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... neuropsychological evidence. In general, the use of an object and the way it is manipulated do not bear any relationship. The distinction between these two aspects is supported by the classical neuropsychological distinction between semantic deficits and apraxia. The latter has been associated with l ...
... neuropsychological evidence. In general, the use of an object and the way it is manipulated do not bear any relationship. The distinction between these two aspects is supported by the classical neuropsychological distinction between semantic deficits and apraxia. The latter has been associated with l ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.