chapter_1
... A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity of any nonzero inhibitory synapse absolutely prevents excitation of the neuron at that time. The ...
... A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity of any nonzero inhibitory synapse absolutely prevents excitation of the neuron at that time. The ...
Cajal`s debt to Golgi
... were already in existence but others were novel and Cajal was to be more inventive than Golgi in this regard. Golgi's classification of nerve cells into large type I or motor and smaller type II or sensory cells was based on his determination of whether in the case of the first, the axon became cont ...
... were already in existence but others were novel and Cajal was to be more inventive than Golgi in this regard. Golgi's classification of nerve cells into large type I or motor and smaller type II or sensory cells was based on his determination of whether in the case of the first, the axon became cont ...
the neural impulse
... The soma (or cell body) is the neuron’s control centre. It contains the nucleus and other organelles which are necessary for the neuron’s survival. Dendrites are branched structures specialized to receive information from other neurons or cells. Therefore, the dendrites are the neuron's information ...
... The soma (or cell body) is the neuron’s control centre. It contains the nucleus and other organelles which are necessary for the neuron’s survival. Dendrites are branched structures specialized to receive information from other neurons or cells. Therefore, the dendrites are the neuron's information ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... branched tips, support two morphologically and functionally types of inhibitory terminals synapsing the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculat ...
... branched tips, support two morphologically and functionally types of inhibitory terminals synapsing the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculat ...
smell
... stimulates adenylate cyclase → produce cAMP→ cAMP opens Na, Ca channels → depolarization and generation of receptor potential which at threshold levels will fire an action potential ...
... stimulates adenylate cyclase → produce cAMP→ cAMP opens Na, Ca channels → depolarization and generation of receptor potential which at threshold levels will fire an action potential ...
Full Text
... effectively suppressed by cotransduction of the constitutively active Rap1 mutant Rap1G12V. These results demonstrate a cell-autonomous role of the Rapgef2/6-Rap1 pathway in maintaining the apical surface AJ structures, which is necessary for the proper development of neural progenitor cells. Key wo ...
... effectively suppressed by cotransduction of the constitutively active Rap1 mutant Rap1G12V. These results demonstrate a cell-autonomous role of the Rapgef2/6-Rap1 pathway in maintaining the apical surface AJ structures, which is necessary for the proper development of neural progenitor cells. Key wo ...
... Nevertheless, the plateau activity could be induced equally well with synaptic stimulation during intact neurotransmission (n ¼ 7; see below). Muscarinic-dependent plateau potentials have been described in several cortical neuronal populations18–20 including principal cells from EC layer II21, where ...
Neurons and Glia
... The Nissl stain, however, does not tell the whole story. A Nissl-stainedneuron looks Iike little more than a lump of protoplasm containing a nucleus. Neurons are much more than that, but how much more was not recognized until the publication of the work of Italian histologist Camillo Golgi (Figure 2 ...
... The Nissl stain, however, does not tell the whole story. A Nissl-stainedneuron looks Iike little more than a lump of protoplasm containing a nucleus. Neurons are much more than that, but how much more was not recognized until the publication of the work of Italian histologist Camillo Golgi (Figure 2 ...
Neurohistology I
... B. Neurons (nerve cells)—neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system; B. NEURONS they are specialized to conduct electrical signals. Note: The plasma membrane of the neuron contains both voltage gated ion channels (involved in generation and conduction of electrical signals ...
... B. Neurons (nerve cells)—neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system; B. NEURONS they are specialized to conduct electrical signals. Note: The plasma membrane of the neuron contains both voltage gated ion channels (involved in generation and conduction of electrical signals ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... word “locomotive”, 2.) the capacity for rapidly inducing large changes in size of synaptic potentials (long-term potentiation) at the excitatory connections between neurons in this region suggests that this region can more rapidly encode associations than many other pathways. As an initial example, ...
... word “locomotive”, 2.) the capacity for rapidly inducing large changes in size of synaptic potentials (long-term potentiation) at the excitatory connections between neurons in this region suggests that this region can more rapidly encode associations than many other pathways. As an initial example, ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... sustained by the dorsal division of the L G N . The densest cortical degeneration was seen in the Fink-Heimer preparations of animals L I I 6 and Lrr7, the two animals in which the dorsal L G N was extensively damaged by the lesions. Degeneration appeared less pronounced in animals LIo7 and LIIS, in ...
... sustained by the dorsal division of the L G N . The densest cortical degeneration was seen in the Fink-Heimer preparations of animals L I I 6 and Lrr7, the two animals in which the dorsal L G N was extensively damaged by the lesions. Degeneration appeared less pronounced in animals LIo7 and LIIS, in ...
Cable and Compartmental Models of Dendritic Trees
... Synapses are not randomly distributed over the dendritic surface. In general, inhibitory synapses are more proximal than excitatory synapses, although they are also present at distal dendritic regions and, when present, on some spines in conjunction with an excitatory input. In many systems (e.g., p ...
... Synapses are not randomly distributed over the dendritic surface. In general, inhibitory synapses are more proximal than excitatory synapses, although they are also present at distal dendritic regions and, when present, on some spines in conjunction with an excitatory input. In many systems (e.g., p ...
Structural organization of the mormyrid ELL
... (inhibitory) structures have been indicated in red, glutamatergic (excitatory) structures in green, noradrenergic fibers in blue and serotoninergic fibers in purple. Cells with unknown transmitters are indicated in black, while myelin sheaths are indicated by contours. Dendritic trees and axonal arb ...
... (inhibitory) structures have been indicated in red, glutamatergic (excitatory) structures in green, noradrenergic fibers in blue and serotoninergic fibers in purple. Cells with unknown transmitters are indicated in black, while myelin sheaths are indicated by contours. Dendritic trees and axonal arb ...
The basic Hebb rule
... Left: Difference between pre- and post-LFS response profiles (EPSP amplitudes) for one cell (top) and average of all cells Right:Time course of changes in response amplitude ...
... Left: Difference between pre- and post-LFS response profiles (EPSP amplitudes) for one cell (top) and average of all cells Right:Time course of changes in response amplitude ...
ARCHITECTONICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
... A s forcibly stated by Cajal, 1047 the elementary pattern of cortical organization must be determined by means of intensive study of regions of specific structure, and this study should be carried out with the help of methods capable of yielding complete pic2. Postcentral cortex, near to the wall of ...
... A s forcibly stated by Cajal, 1047 the elementary pattern of cortical organization must be determined by means of intensive study of regions of specific structure, and this study should be carried out with the help of methods capable of yielding complete pic2. Postcentral cortex, near to the wall of ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina monopolar cell occur at the same depth as the outer dendritic processes of the ...
... comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina monopolar cell occur at the same depth as the outer dendritic processes of the ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... observed in other complex systems. The wiring-economy-based classification of cortical inhibitory interneurons is supported by the distinct physiological patterns of class members in the intact brain. The complex wiring of diverse interneuron classes could represent an economic solution for supporti ...
... observed in other complex systems. The wiring-economy-based classification of cortical inhibitory interneurons is supported by the distinct physiological patterns of class members in the intact brain. The complex wiring of diverse interneuron classes could represent an economic solution for supporti ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... and slow (20%) synapses]. Feedback interneurons make feedback inhibitory connections among each other (via fast synapses). A number of differences have been described between superficial and deep pyramidal cells in the piriform cortex (Tseng and Haberly 1989), but this model does not have sufficient ...
... and slow (20%) synapses]. Feedback interneurons make feedback inhibitory connections among each other (via fast synapses). A number of differences have been described between superficial and deep pyramidal cells in the piriform cortex (Tseng and Haberly 1989), but this model does not have sufficient ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... Sensory information from the nose is transmitted to the olfactory bulbs of the brain A. Each sensory axon terminates in a single glomerulus, forming synapses with the dendrites of periglomerular interneurons and mitral and tufted relay neurons. The output of the bulb is carried by the mitral cells a ...
... Sensory information from the nose is transmitted to the olfactory bulbs of the brain A. Each sensory axon terminates in a single glomerulus, forming synapses with the dendrites of periglomerular interneurons and mitral and tufted relay neurons. The output of the bulb is carried by the mitral cells a ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... In the mouse whisker system, sensory information is relayed to the primary somatosensory barrel cortex by two major thalamic nuclei, the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) and the posterior medial nucleus (POM). While the axonal innervation pattern of these two nuclei has been studied anatomical ...
... In the mouse whisker system, sensory information is relayed to the primary somatosensory barrel cortex by two major thalamic nuclei, the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) and the posterior medial nucleus (POM). While the axonal innervation pattern of these two nuclei has been studied anatomical ...
Descending Tracts
... It receives projection fibers from the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, and gives origin to two descending extrapyramidal tracts: •The lateral tectospinal tract: Originates from the superior colliculus (the center of visual reflexes), crosses to the opposite side and terminates in the cervical ...
... It receives projection fibers from the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, and gives origin to two descending extrapyramidal tracts: •The lateral tectospinal tract: Originates from the superior colliculus (the center of visual reflexes), crosses to the opposite side and terminates in the cervical ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... compartmental neuron with a somatic compartment connected to multiple, otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlin ...
... compartmental neuron with a somatic compartment connected to multiple, otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlin ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... (Minai and Levy, 1994). In addition, the spreadof activity across previously modified synapsesduring learning could result in excessive enhancementof synaptic strength within a cortical region (Hasselmoet al., 1992; Hasselmo,1994a). In modelsof the cortex with recurrent excitatory synapses, these pr ...
... (Minai and Levy, 1994). In addition, the spreadof activity across previously modified synapsesduring learning could result in excessive enhancementof synaptic strength within a cortical region (Hasselmoet al., 1992; Hasselmo,1994a). In modelsof the cortex with recurrent excitatory synapses, these pr ...