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... encoded. For example, nicotinic enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission has been shown for the afferent input to hippocampal region CA3 from entorhinal cortex [15] and from the dentate gyrus [16], but not for excitatory feedback within CA3. Similarly, in thalamocortical slice preparations o ...
... encoded. For example, nicotinic enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission has been shown for the afferent input to hippocampal region CA3 from entorhinal cortex [15] and from the dentate gyrus [16], but not for excitatory feedback within CA3. Similarly, in thalamocortical slice preparations o ...
hypothalamic neuroanatomy and limbic inputs
... Together, the lateral hypothalamus, dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), and parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) exert regulatory control over feeding, body weight, and activity rhythms.[10] In experimental animals (e.g., rats and cats) lesions of the VMN stim ...
... Together, the lateral hypothalamus, dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), and parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) exert regulatory control over feeding, body weight, and activity rhythms.[10] In experimental animals (e.g., rats and cats) lesions of the VMN stim ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... For cresyl violet staining, a 1:5 series of sections was mounted onto coated slides, dried, and stained in 2.5% cresyl violet acetate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Stained slides were then dehydrated through increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared with Citrisolv, and coverslipped under Permount. For ...
... For cresyl violet staining, a 1:5 series of sections was mounted onto coated slides, dried, and stained in 2.5% cresyl violet acetate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Stained slides were then dehydrated through increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared with Citrisolv, and coverslipped under Permount. For ...
No Slide Title
... – in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron is covered by glial cells • prevents neurons from touching each other • gives precision to conduction pathways ...
... – in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron is covered by glial cells • prevents neurons from touching each other • gives precision to conduction pathways ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... and necks cannot currently be resolved with these software applications. While a few techniques of varying degrees of automation have been suggested for digitizing neuronal morphology from laser-scanning microscopy images (Streekstra et al., 1999, 2000; Messerli, 2000; He et al., 2003; Schmitt et al ...
... and necks cannot currently be resolved with these software applications. While a few techniques of varying degrees of automation have been suggested for digitizing neuronal morphology from laser-scanning microscopy images (Streekstra et al., 1999, 2000; Messerli, 2000; He et al., 2003; Schmitt et al ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... Axons are shown in blue (projection neurons) or brown (interneurons). CB, calbindin; PV, parvalbumin; VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. SMI-32, FNP-7, and N200 are neurofilament epitopes. (B) Developing cortex. Even while neurogenesis is still ongoing, different types of projection neurons and ...
... Axons are shown in blue (projection neurons) or brown (interneurons). CB, calbindin; PV, parvalbumin; VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. SMI-32, FNP-7, and N200 are neurofilament epitopes. (B) Developing cortex. Even while neurogenesis is still ongoing, different types of projection neurons and ...
Nerve Cells, Neural Circuitry, and Behavior
... By examining the structure of neurons in almost every region of the nervous system, he could describe classes of nerve cells and map the precise connections between many of them. In this way Ramón y Cajal adduced, in addition to the neuron doctrine, two other principles of neural organization that w ...
... By examining the structure of neurons in almost every region of the nervous system, he could describe classes of nerve cells and map the precise connections between many of them. In this way Ramón y Cajal adduced, in addition to the neuron doctrine, two other principles of neural organization that w ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... excitability to the principal cells, in a temporally coordinated manner (Whittington et al., 2000; Buzsaki, 2006). This framework constrains the windows of opportunity for the principal cells to discharge, which leads to their synchronization. Synchronization by oscillations occurs at multiple time ...
... excitability to the principal cells, in a temporally coordinated manner (Whittington et al., 2000; Buzsaki, 2006). This framework constrains the windows of opportunity for the principal cells to discharge, which leads to their synchronization. Synchronization by oscillations occurs at multiple time ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of
... layer. These TH-positive cells had very small, triangular somata and their dendrites formed a dense network around the glomeruli (fig. 3A). These cells formed an almost distinct layer in the olfactory bulb. Occasional THpositive cells were found between the glomeruli and in the external plexiform la ...
... layer. These TH-positive cells had very small, triangular somata and their dendrites formed a dense network around the glomeruli (fig. 3A). These cells formed an almost distinct layer in the olfactory bulb. Occasional THpositive cells were found between the glomeruli and in the external plexiform la ...
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit
... excitatory neurons, and returns inhibition to them. This simple architecture and similar variants have been used previously to model response properties of neurons in cortex5±9 and other10±12 brain areas. The output of each excitatory neuron is an electrical current that is positive if the neuron is ...
... excitatory neurons, and returns inhibition to them. This simple architecture and similar variants have been used previously to model response properties of neurons in cortex5±9 and other10±12 brain areas. The output of each excitatory neuron is an electrical current that is positive if the neuron is ...
DESCENDING TRACTS - University of Kansas
... Originates in various regions of reticular formation. Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
... Originates in various regions of reticular formation. Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
Modeling goal-directed spatial navigation in the rat based on physiological
... cortical regions that are involved in goal-directed spatial navigation. Our models used representations of entorhinal cortex layer III (ECIII), hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) to guide movements of a virtual rat in a virtual environment. The model encoded representations of the environment t ...
... cortical regions that are involved in goal-directed spatial navigation. Our models used representations of entorhinal cortex layer III (ECIII), hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) to guide movements of a virtual rat in a virtual environment. The model encoded representations of the environment t ...
Graduate School Systems Neuroscience, MEDS 5371 2011 BASAL
... easier than surgeries for the thalamus or globus pallidus. The mechanisms of action for deep brain stimulation are not well known. It is believed that it sets the right discharge pattern of action potentials to override a pathological one. The ventral striatum is a separate set of nuclei which are r ...
... easier than surgeries for the thalamus or globus pallidus. The mechanisms of action for deep brain stimulation are not well known. It is believed that it sets the right discharge pattern of action potentials to override a pathological one. The ventral striatum is a separate set of nuclei which are r ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... in the plane of the slice (xy-plane). Then, at each location along the largest soma circumference in the xy-plane, the focus was set such that the soma border appeared most clear. This focal depth was then recorded as the z-coordinate of this point. In the Rembrandt IIsoftware, the resulting contour ...
... in the plane of the slice (xy-plane). Then, at each location along the largest soma circumference in the xy-plane, the focus was set such that the soma border appeared most clear. This focal depth was then recorded as the z-coordinate of this point. In the Rembrandt IIsoftware, the resulting contour ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], ...
... branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], ...
Running Improves Pattern Separation during Novel Object
... molecular layer. As a consequence there might be a 4times larger chance for the formation of new synapses of young cells with axon terminals projecting from the entorhinal cortex. Taken together, the data not only show that the animals make use of running wheels, leading to the well-known increase i ...
... molecular layer. As a consequence there might be a 4times larger chance for the formation of new synapses of young cells with axon terminals projecting from the entorhinal cortex. Taken together, the data not only show that the animals make use of running wheels, leading to the well-known increase i ...
The subiculum comes of age
... loose zone that contrasts markedly with both the densely packed hippocampal principal cell layers of the rodent and the multi-layered EC (Fig. 1A). The molecular and the polymorphic layers of the subiculum are contiguous with the stratum lacunosummoleculare and the stratum radiatum of CA1, respectiv ...
... loose zone that contrasts markedly with both the densely packed hippocampal principal cell layers of the rodent and the multi-layered EC (Fig. 1A). The molecular and the polymorphic layers of the subiculum are contiguous with the stratum lacunosummoleculare and the stratum radiatum of CA1, respectiv ...
Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee
... VZ48,49. Recent evidence has shown that the VZ of rodents also contains a variety of progenitors, which become progressively restricted in their differentiation potential as development progresses6,10,50. The use of specific markers and electron microscopy has revealed a distinct population of short ...
... VZ48,49. Recent evidence has shown that the VZ of rodents also contains a variety of progenitors, which become progressively restricted in their differentiation potential as development progresses6,10,50. The use of specific markers and electron microscopy has revealed a distinct population of short ...
Data Supplement
... Analysis of Golgi stained neurons. Morphological reconstruction and analysis of pyramidal neurons in cortical layers 5/6 and 2/3, and medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum were performed using Neurolucida software (MBF Biosciences). Five neurons per region per mouse were analyzed. Dendri ...
... Analysis of Golgi stained neurons. Morphological reconstruction and analysis of pyramidal neurons in cortical layers 5/6 and 2/3, and medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum were performed using Neurolucida software (MBF Biosciences). Five neurons per region per mouse were analyzed. Dendri ...
Simulations of the Role of the Muscarinic-Activated Calcium- I in Entorhinal Neuronal
... drites lumped together. The addition of the separate initial segment compartment differs from the pyramidal cell. The lengths and cross sections of the three principal dendrite compartments were adjusted to give the dendrite a length constant of 2 (sealed-end condition). The compartment profiles are ...
... drites lumped together. The addition of the separate initial segment compartment differs from the pyramidal cell. The lengths and cross sections of the three principal dendrite compartments were adjusted to give the dendrite a length constant of 2 (sealed-end condition). The compartment profiles are ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... 3D density distributions of all neuron somata within the network of interest (left panel), definition of cell types and cell type borders (center panel) and representative samples of complete 3D dendrite–axon morphologies of all respective cell types (right panel). (b) Somata are placed within each ...
... 3D density distributions of all neuron somata within the network of interest (left panel), definition of cell types and cell type borders (center panel) and representative samples of complete 3D dendrite–axon morphologies of all respective cell types (right panel). (b) Somata are placed within each ...
5. Discussion - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... the two locations and a steeper retinotopic gradient for the conditioned orientation compared to other orientations. Local inhibitory circuits are spatially restricted and can be differentially activated by top-down inputs during learning (Zhang et al., 2014), but are not likely to have mediated the ...
... the two locations and a steeper retinotopic gradient for the conditioned orientation compared to other orientations. Local inhibitory circuits are spatially restricted and can be differentially activated by top-down inputs during learning (Zhang et al., 2014), but are not likely to have mediated the ...