Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... bidirectional control of intrinsic excitability. Recently, we showed that the total synaptic input onto individual neurons of the mouse superior colliculus is preserved regardless of the size of their visual receptive fields, a phenomenon we term ‘response homeostasis’. Here, we argue that regulatin ...
... bidirectional control of intrinsic excitability. Recently, we showed that the total synaptic input onto individual neurons of the mouse superior colliculus is preserved regardless of the size of their visual receptive fields, a phenomenon we term ‘response homeostasis’. Here, we argue that regulatin ...
Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
... The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for complex behavior, such as attention, response selection, and rule learning (16–20). Critical for these functions is the temporary maintenance of behaviorally relevant information (21, 22). In tasks that require monkeys to h ...
... The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for complex behavior, such as attention, response selection, and rule learning (16–20). Critical for these functions is the temporary maintenance of behaviorally relevant information (21, 22). In tasks that require monkeys to h ...
SCIENCE 101: Cranial Nerve I: The Olfactory Nerve
... In the olfactory bulb the olfactory receptor neurons will synapse onto the dendrites of mitral cells, these pyramid shaped things whose axons make up the olfactory tract (isn't it SO COOL to look at that photo above of the sheep brain and realize that whole piece of tissue coming from the olfactory ...
... In the olfactory bulb the olfactory receptor neurons will synapse onto the dendrites of mitral cells, these pyramid shaped things whose axons make up the olfactory tract (isn't it SO COOL to look at that photo above of the sheep brain and realize that whole piece of tissue coming from the olfactory ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... brain, or how loss of function of E6-AP results in AS, is unclear. Herein, we show, using a recombinant transgenic mouse expressing a Ube3a YFP fusion gene, that the maternal Ube3a YFP allele is upregulated and preferentially expressed in neurons, and that the fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP, is enriched ...
... brain, or how loss of function of E6-AP results in AS, is unclear. Herein, we show, using a recombinant transgenic mouse expressing a Ube3a YFP fusion gene, that the maternal Ube3a YFP allele is upregulated and preferentially expressed in neurons, and that the fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP, is enriched ...
cereb cort
... While it is sufficient in certain circumstances for a single node to represent the input (local coding) it is desirable in many other situations to have multiple nodes providing a factorial or distributed representation. As an extremely simple example consider three inputs (‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’) each of ...
... While it is sufficient in certain circumstances for a single node to represent the input (local coding) it is desirable in many other situations to have multiple nodes providing a factorial or distributed representation. As an extremely simple example consider three inputs (‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’) each of ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... One challenge in understanding memory is the difficulty of modeling the information flow between neurons. To appreciate the problem, it is enough to point out that in the rat hippocampus, a typical pyramidal cell has about 30,000 excitatory synapses (Megías et al., 2001); in the mouse cerebral cort ...
... One challenge in understanding memory is the difficulty of modeling the information flow between neurons. To appreciate the problem, it is enough to point out that in the rat hippocampus, a typical pyramidal cell has about 30,000 excitatory synapses (Megías et al., 2001); in the mouse cerebral cort ...
Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Corticofugal Projection Neurons
... transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) (Rohatgi et al., 2007). Smoothened signaling leads to the activation of the Gli family of transcription factors, which mediates the cell fate specification functions of Shh (Ahn and Joyner, 2005; Palma et al., 2005). Later in development, after the tissues have ...
... transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) (Rohatgi et al., 2007). Smoothened signaling leads to the activation of the Gli family of transcription factors, which mediates the cell fate specification functions of Shh (Ahn and Joyner, 2005; Palma et al., 2005). Later in development, after the tissues have ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... within a single neuron and also to study the responses of these maps with respect to specific changes in that environment. In this context, selective alteration to the environment (rather than complete inactivity/deprivation), a standard set of techniques in sensory map physiology (Chalupa and Rhoad ...
... within a single neuron and also to study the responses of these maps with respect to specific changes in that environment. In this context, selective alteration to the environment (rather than complete inactivity/deprivation), a standard set of techniques in sensory map physiology (Chalupa and Rhoad ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... (Fig. 3d). These results indicate that a unidirectional synaptic connection selectively develops between two sister excitatory neurons, but not between non-sisters, in the developing neocortex (Fig. 3g). We analysed a total of 179 pairs of radially aligned EGFP-expressing sister excitatory neurons a ...
... (Fig. 3d). These results indicate that a unidirectional synaptic connection selectively develops between two sister excitatory neurons, but not between non-sisters, in the developing neocortex (Fig. 3g). We analysed a total of 179 pairs of radially aligned EGFP-expressing sister excitatory neurons a ...
Neuronal generation, migration, and differentiation in the mouse
... horn and the dentate gyrus, via different migration routes. The pyramidal neurons in CA1-CA3 are generated by an extensive area of neuroepithelium and migrate radially to the Ammon’s horn, while dentate granule cells are generated by a narrow area of neuroepithelium adjacent to the fimbria (FI) and m ...
... horn and the dentate gyrus, via different migration routes. The pyramidal neurons in CA1-CA3 are generated by an extensive area of neuroepithelium and migrate radially to the Ammon’s horn, while dentate granule cells are generated by a narrow area of neuroepithelium adjacent to the fimbria (FI) and m ...
Simulating in vivo-like Synaptic Input Patterns in Multicompartmental
... neurons. For example, each individual human cerebellar Purkinje neuron is estimated to receive more than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circuit inhibitory interneurons and the powerfully excitatory climbing fiber (Ito 1984). Although Purki ...
... neurons. For example, each individual human cerebellar Purkinje neuron is estimated to receive more than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circuit inhibitory interneurons and the powerfully excitatory climbing fiber (Ito 1984). Although Purki ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... FS fast-spiking GABA γ-aminobutyric acid IPSP inhibitory post-synaptic potential LGN lateral geniculate nucleus LTS low-threshold spiking RF receptive field S1 primary somatosensory cortex V1 primary visual cortex ...
... FS fast-spiking GABA γ-aminobutyric acid IPSP inhibitory post-synaptic potential LGN lateral geniculate nucleus LTS low-threshold spiking RF receptive field S1 primary somatosensory cortex V1 primary visual cortex ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... The primary auditory cortex (A1) is organized tonotopically, with neurons sensitive to high and low frequencies arranged in a rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mo ...
... The primary auditory cortex (A1) is organized tonotopically, with neurons sensitive to high and low frequencies arranged in a rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mo ...
Lissencephaly - Cambridge University Press
... large, the aqueduct dilated. The pyramids were present, the inferior olives were poorly-formed. Microscopic examination of the cortex showed a thin molecular layer, beneath which there was a continuous mass of neurons, without lamination. Neurons were pyramidal, of moderate size and mixed randomly w ...
... large, the aqueduct dilated. The pyramids were present, the inferior olives were poorly-formed. Microscopic examination of the cortex showed a thin molecular layer, beneath which there was a continuous mass of neurons, without lamination. Neurons were pyramidal, of moderate size and mixed randomly w ...
A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing
... neurons did not result in any suprathreshold activity in the other neurons. With training, the learning rule was effective in generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was obse ...
... neurons did not result in any suprathreshold activity in the other neurons. With training, the learning rule was effective in generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was obse ...
Two-Photon Targeted Patching and Electroporation In Vivo
... Whole-cell recordings are useful for recording synaptic and spiking activity of neurons in vivo because the formation of a high-resistance seal between pipette and membrane ensures stable recordings for prolonged periods and is an approach that can even be used in awake, head-fixed, or behaving anima ...
... Whole-cell recordings are useful for recording synaptic and spiking activity of neurons in vivo because the formation of a high-resistance seal between pipette and membrane ensures stable recordings for prolonged periods and is an approach that can even be used in awake, head-fixed, or behaving anima ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... the area (its dendritic field) that encompasses its sensory and/or synaptic inputs16,17. Second, the branching pattern and density of dendrites must be suitable for sampling and processing the signals that converge onto the dendritic field18,19. Third, dendrites need to have the flexibility for adju ...
... the area (its dendritic field) that encompasses its sensory and/or synaptic inputs16,17. Second, the branching pattern and density of dendrites must be suitable for sampling and processing the signals that converge onto the dendritic field18,19. Third, dendrites need to have the flexibility for adju ...
Bypassing V1: a direct geniculate input to area MT
... counted in the LGN versus V1 (monkey 1R, 126/2,195; monkey 1L, properties, although they are most often noted for carrying blue/yellow 288/3,460; monkey 2L, 470/2,651). Although it would be valuable to color signals33. MT neurons are capable of detecting motion in isoluknow the total number of LGN c ...
... counted in the LGN versus V1 (monkey 1R, 126/2,195; monkey 1L, properties, although they are most often noted for carrying blue/yellow 288/3,460; monkey 2L, 470/2,651). Although it would be valuable to color signals33. MT neurons are capable of detecting motion in isoluknow the total number of LGN c ...
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
... Dopamine has multiple effects on voltage-gated and synaptic currents in PFC neurons in vitro. For example, it enhances persistent Na + and NMDA-receptor conductances56-59. When these ionic and synaptic effects of dopamine were included in biophysically detailed network models of PFC neurons, the rob ...
... Dopamine has multiple effects on voltage-gated and synaptic currents in PFC neurons in vitro. For example, it enhances persistent Na + and NMDA-receptor conductances56-59. When these ionic and synaptic effects of dopamine were included in biophysically detailed network models of PFC neurons, the rob ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi:
... numbers of PCNA+ proliferating cells and doublecortin-positive (DCX+) differentiating cells of neuronal lineage fall within the overall ranges of murid rodents, but differed from three murid species captured in the same habitat in that fewer DCX+ cells relative to PCNA+ were observed. The large and ...
... numbers of PCNA+ proliferating cells and doublecortin-positive (DCX+) differentiating cells of neuronal lineage fall within the overall ranges of murid rodents, but differed from three murid species captured in the same habitat in that fewer DCX+ cells relative to PCNA+ were observed. The large and ...
Integrate-and-Fire Neurons and Networks
... Most biological neurons communicate by short electrical pulses, called action potentials or spikes. In contrast to the standard neuron model used in artificial neural networks, integrate-and-fire neurons do not rely on a temporal average over the pulses. In integrate-and-fire and similar spiking neu ...
... Most biological neurons communicate by short electrical pulses, called action potentials or spikes. In contrast to the standard neuron model used in artificial neural networks, integrate-and-fire neurons do not rely on a temporal average over the pulses. In integrate-and-fire and similar spiking neu ...
Morphology of GABAergic Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat
... are shown (Fig. 5: 10, 43, 52, 53). Some smaller GADDistribution of GABAergic Cells in the IC positive neurons were included for comparison (Fig. 5: 6, GABAergic neurons were found in every subdivision of 24,55, 71). When the relative sizes of the GABA-positive neurons the IC. The distribution of GA ...
... are shown (Fig. 5: 10, 43, 52, 53). Some smaller GADDistribution of GABAergic Cells in the IC positive neurons were included for comparison (Fig. 5: 6, GABAergic neurons were found in every subdivision of 24,55, 71). When the relative sizes of the GABA-positive neurons the IC. The distribution of GA ...