Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... The seminal work of Douglas and Martin (1991), in the cat visual system, produced a model of how information flows through the cortical column. Douglas and Martin recorded intracellular potentials from cells in primary visual cortex during electrical stimulation of its thalamic afferents. They noted ...
... The seminal work of Douglas and Martin (1991), in the cat visual system, produced a model of how information flows through the cortical column. Douglas and Martin recorded intracellular potentials from cells in primary visual cortex during electrical stimulation of its thalamic afferents. They noted ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... Key Words: dendrite; retina; activity; light Introduction In the developing Xenopus laevis visual system retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend axons out from the retina to their target in the midbrain. While RGC axons are navigating toward the optic tectum where they arborize and form synapses with t ...
... Key Words: dendrite; retina; activity; light Introduction In the developing Xenopus laevis visual system retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend axons out from the retina to their target in the midbrain. While RGC axons are navigating toward the optic tectum where they arborize and form synapses with t ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... Figure 2: Detailed drawing of retinal architecture, including horizontal and amacrine cells The LGN serves as a relay center for the input from RGC to V1 and occurs in both the left and right hemispheres of the mammalian brain. In addition to receiving retinal input from their respective (ipsilater ...
... Figure 2: Detailed drawing of retinal architecture, including horizontal and amacrine cells The LGN serves as a relay center for the input from RGC to V1 and occurs in both the left and right hemispheres of the mammalian brain. In addition to receiving retinal input from their respective (ipsilater ...
Chapter 12 Lecture Outline
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
Pointing the way toward target selection
... captures the basic ‘winner-takenetwork neurons to have a number of applicaall’ nature of the target selection tions in the study of cognitive process and is in agreement with processing. experimental findings, for The fibers and synapses example, concerning the sparse that interconnect different rep ...
... captures the basic ‘winner-takenetwork neurons to have a number of applicaall’ nature of the target selection tions in the study of cognitive process and is in agreement with processing. experimental findings, for The fibers and synapses example, concerning the sparse that interconnect different rep ...
PDF
... onto somatostatin neurons (Pfeffer et al., 2013) and other calretinin cells (Caputi et al., 2009). These somatostatin neurons are known for providing direct inhibition of pyramidal cell’s apical and basal dendrites (Wang et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2013), as well as for providing an inhibitory influe ...
... onto somatostatin neurons (Pfeffer et al., 2013) and other calretinin cells (Caputi et al., 2009). These somatostatin neurons are known for providing direct inhibition of pyramidal cell’s apical and basal dendrites (Wang et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2013), as well as for providing an inhibitory influe ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... Figure 2. Drawings of cortical neurons in (A) the crown of lobulus paracentralis, (B) the posterior wall of gyrus centralis anterior, (C) the crown of gyrus frontalis superior and (D) the anterior wall of gyrus centralis posterior, highlighting interareal differences in pyramidal cell structure in ...
... Figure 2. Drawings of cortical neurons in (A) the crown of lobulus paracentralis, (B) the posterior wall of gyrus centralis anterior, (C) the crown of gyrus frontalis superior and (D) the anterior wall of gyrus centralis posterior, highlighting interareal differences in pyramidal cell structure in ...
Analogues of simple and complex cells in rhesus monkey auditory
... A small number of neurons (n = 11) were tested at more than one sound level. Ten neurons were tested at two, and one neuron at three levels. Although response amplitude varied with sound level (sometimes in a nonmonotonic fashion), as one would expect, ON and OFF responses changed in similar proport ...
... A small number of neurons (n = 11) were tested at more than one sound level. Ten neurons were tested at two, and one neuron at three levels. Although response amplitude varied with sound level (sometimes in a nonmonotonic fashion), as one would expect, ON and OFF responses changed in similar proport ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
Transgenic Targeting of Recombinant Rabies Virus Reveals
... by performing three distinct kinds of control injections (see supplemental Table S1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material, for a summary of all injections). Wild-type injections were into animals genetically incapable of expressing any viral proteins (i.e., TVAG⫺/tTA⫺ and TVAG⫺/tT ...
... by performing three distinct kinds of control injections (see supplemental Table S1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material, for a summary of all injections). Wild-type injections were into animals genetically incapable of expressing any viral proteins (i.e., TVAG⫺/tTA⫺ and TVAG⫺/tT ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... manuscript and Shobha Anilkumar for technical assistance with Golgi-Cox staining. Grants: The research was funded by intramural research funds from NCBS (Grant ...
... manuscript and Shobha Anilkumar for technical assistance with Golgi-Cox staining. Grants: The research was funded by intramural research funds from NCBS (Grant ...
NAlab13_LimbicSystem..
... apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells relative to laminar structure of the hippocampus? Note that the pyramidal cell bodies form a discrete band close to the hilus of the dentate gyrus, but are more spread out elsewhere. These differences in cytoarchitecture are correlated with the fact that diffe ...
... apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells relative to laminar structure of the hippocampus? Note that the pyramidal cell bodies form a discrete band close to the hilus of the dentate gyrus, but are more spread out elsewhere. These differences in cytoarchitecture are correlated with the fact that diffe ...
Limbic System
... apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells relative to laminar structure of the hippocampus? Note that the pyramidal cell bodies form a discrete band close to the hilus of the dentate gyrus, but are more spread out elsewhere. These differences in cytoarchitecture are correlated with the fact that diffe ...
... apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells relative to laminar structure of the hippocampus? Note that the pyramidal cell bodies form a discrete band close to the hilus of the dentate gyrus, but are more spread out elsewhere. These differences in cytoarchitecture are correlated with the fact that diffe ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... The principal tri-neuronal circuit in the hippocampus, which relays granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) to pyramidal neurons in CA3 and then pyramidal neurons in CA1, provides an attractive system to investigate the notion of subpopulations of selectively interconnected neurons in cortical ...
... The principal tri-neuronal circuit in the hippocampus, which relays granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) to pyramidal neurons in CA3 and then pyramidal neurons in CA1, provides an attractive system to investigate the notion of subpopulations of selectively interconnected neurons in cortical ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
Activity 1 - Web Adventures
... receive information. A typical neuron has a cell body that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles. Extending from the cell body are projections called dendrites that bring messages or signals into the cell from other neurons. A neuron also has a long extension called an axon that carries sig ...
... receive information. A typical neuron has a cell body that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles. Extending from the cell body are projections called dendrites that bring messages or signals into the cell from other neurons. A neuron also has a long extension called an axon that carries sig ...
Morphological Analysis of Dendritic Spine Development in Primary
... age, values were calculated for the number of spines per 10 km of dendritic length, and the means + SEM for the length of spines, the diameters of the spine heads and necks, and the difference, Dh - Dn. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffe nest ...
... age, values were calculated for the number of spines per 10 km of dendritic length, and the means + SEM for the length of spines, the diameters of the spine heads and necks, and the difference, Dh - Dn. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffe nest ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... response of the network became too small. The matrix given here generated simple cells that had the orientation selectivity, and the magnitude and dynamics of response, seen in physiological experiments (McLaughlin et al., 2000). This seems contrary to anatomical studies that show V1 cortex has a pr ...
... response of the network became too small. The matrix given here generated simple cells that had the orientation selectivity, and the magnitude and dynamics of response, seen in physiological experiments (McLaughlin et al., 2000). This seems contrary to anatomical studies that show V1 cortex has a pr ...
Field effects in the CNS play functional roles
... are well known to be theoretically feasible (Arvanitaki, 1942; Katz and Schmitt, 1942). However, they are most often treated as being of negligible magnitude and to be nonspecific. Indeed, a current generated across the membrane of one neuron will produce a field that decays with distance and may af ...
... are well known to be theoretically feasible (Arvanitaki, 1942; Katz and Schmitt, 1942). However, they are most often treated as being of negligible magnitude and to be nonspecific. Indeed, a current generated across the membrane of one neuron will produce a field that decays with distance and may af ...
Specific and Nonspecific Plasticity of the Primary
... and did not appropriately represent the sharpness of the curve. • For each frequency-threshold curve, they defined the broadly tuned neuron when its Q-30 dB was﹤6.0 and the sharply tuned neuron whenitsQ-30 dB was larger than 9.0.Neurons with aQ-30 dB between 6.0 and9.0 were classified as intermediat ...
... and did not appropriately represent the sharpness of the curve. • For each frequency-threshold curve, they defined the broadly tuned neuron when its Q-30 dB was﹤6.0 and the sharply tuned neuron whenitsQ-30 dB was larger than 9.0.Neurons with aQ-30 dB between 6.0 and9.0 were classified as intermediat ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled feedback projections between the two areas, noise in the bottom-up input is somewhat reduced due to the thre ...
... external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled feedback projections between the two areas, noise in the bottom-up input is somewhat reduced due to the thre ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... on cellular effects of acetylcholine obtained in brain slice preparations. The hippocampal slice preparation has been used to explore how acetylcholine influences cellular physiology. Similar effects have been found in another three-layered cortical structure: the piriform cortex. The network models ...
... on cellular effects of acetylcholine obtained in brain slice preparations. The hippocampal slice preparation has been used to explore how acetylcholine influences cellular physiology. Similar effects have been found in another three-layered cortical structure: the piriform cortex. The network models ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... connections between cell pairs also differed for adapting versus fastspiking interneurons. Unlike fast-spiking interneuron–pyramid pairs, for pairs involving adapting interneurons, there was no significant difference in IPSC amplitudes between pairs with one-way versus reciprocal connections (Fig. 1 ...
... connections between cell pairs also differed for adapting versus fastspiking interneurons. Unlike fast-spiking interneuron–pyramid pairs, for pairs involving adapting interneurons, there was no significant difference in IPSC amplitudes between pairs with one-way versus reciprocal connections (Fig. 1 ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... around 4 days and that their thickness increased, in association with the recovery to normal of the number and percent volume of spines, at 12 weeks after the insult. From 1 to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, we found that the synaptic number increased gradually in association with an increase i ...
... around 4 days and that their thickness increased, in association with the recovery to normal of the number and percent volume of spines, at 12 weeks after the insult. From 1 to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, we found that the synaptic number increased gradually in association with an increase i ...
NEOCORTEX
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...