CASE 47
... subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefrontal cortex) and send their output to the thalamus, which then feeds back to the cortex. Although the functions of the basal ganglia are not well under ...
... subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefrontal cortex) and send their output to the thalamus, which then feeds back to the cortex. Although the functions of the basal ganglia are not well under ...
Connections of the Hypothalamus
... control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and/or autonomic motor systems, ‘ascending’ projections to thalamocortical loops, and projections to the adjacent lateral hypothalamic area ...
... control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and/or autonomic motor systems, ‘ascending’ projections to thalamocortical loops, and projections to the adjacent lateral hypothalamic area ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges of different neurons might arise as an These two modes of operation differ fundamentally epiphenomenon of circuitry, but have no functional with resp ...
... of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges of different neurons might arise as an These two modes of operation differ fundamentally epiphenomenon of circuitry, but have no functional with resp ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... tracks (14, 19–21). Fig. 1A illustrates the spatial distribution and temporal course of spiking of example neurons recorded in a single session. Spikes of active place cells showed robust theta phase precession as the rat moved across the place field (Fig. 1 B and C), and the oscillation frequency of ...
... tracks (14, 19–21). Fig. 1A illustrates the spatial distribution and temporal course of spiking of example neurons recorded in a single session. Spikes of active place cells showed robust theta phase precession as the rat moved across the place field (Fig. 1 B and C), and the oscillation frequency of ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were also present in other regions of the hypothalamus. OrA-ir fibers with varicose terminals were detected in almost all hypothalamic regions. The ...
... and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were also present in other regions of the hypothalamus. OrA-ir fibers with varicose terminals were detected in almost all hypothalamic regions. The ...
Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression
... strength ,in response to neurotransmission. Recent ...
... strength ,in response to neurotransmission. Recent ...
Objectives 35 - U
... Nucleus Accumbens –related to caudate and putamen - caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens have similar but parallel connections striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physi ...
... Nucleus Accumbens –related to caudate and putamen - caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens have similar but parallel connections striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physi ...
resource - Fujisawa lab
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
Skeletal System
... extensively that dendrites Each neuron has only one axon but may possess a collateral branch All axons branches profusely at its terminal end to form more than 10,000 telodendria or terminal branches ...
... extensively that dendrites Each neuron has only one axon but may possess a collateral branch All axons branches profusely at its terminal end to form more than 10,000 telodendria or terminal branches ...
Physiology
... inhibition of the same neuron to shorten the duration of discharge and prevent any afterdischarge. This occurs, for example, with the spinal motor neurons (the ventral horn cells). Each spinal motor neuron regularly gives off a collateral branch which synapses with an inhibitory interneuron called " ...
... inhibition of the same neuron to shorten the duration of discharge and prevent any afterdischarge. This occurs, for example, with the spinal motor neurons (the ventral horn cells). Each spinal motor neuron regularly gives off a collateral branch which synapses with an inhibitory interneuron called " ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices, >95% of the horizontal connections in the PFC contact dendritic spines and thus appear to preferentially target pyramidal neurons (Melchitzky et al., 1998). Since these contacts form exclusively asymmetric synapses, these findings suggest that excitatory, l ...
... the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices, >95% of the horizontal connections in the PFC contact dendritic spines and thus appear to preferentially target pyramidal neurons (Melchitzky et al., 1998). Since these contacts form exclusively asymmetric synapses, these findings suggest that excitatory, l ...
introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
... The cytoskeleton with neurofilaments and neurotubules (in place of microfilaments and microtubules) Bundles of neurofilaments called neurofibrils support the dendrites and axon. - most nerve cells do not contain centrioles and cannot ...
... The cytoskeleton with neurofilaments and neurotubules (in place of microfilaments and microtubules) Bundles of neurofilaments called neurofibrils support the dendrites and axon. - most nerve cells do not contain centrioles and cannot ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... down one or more levels before it synapses with the postganglionic neuron. The axon of the postganglionic neuron then goes back into the spinal nerve at this new level to reach its effector cells. ...
... down one or more levels before it synapses with the postganglionic neuron. The axon of the postganglionic neuron then goes back into the spinal nerve at this new level to reach its effector cells. ...
Neuronal cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity and regeneration
... plasticity The post-synaptic elements of the majority of excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses on cortical and hippocampal neurons are formed by small, actin-rich protrusions called dendritic spines that emerge from the shafts of dendrites. Neuronal activity, particularly synaptic activity, regulates ...
... plasticity The post-synaptic elements of the majority of excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses on cortical and hippocampal neurons are formed by small, actin-rich protrusions called dendritic spines that emerge from the shafts of dendrites. Neuronal activity, particularly synaptic activity, regulates ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... exhibited periodic bursting after [K+]o increase in a single model cell; however, the bursts occurred at a very low frequency (every 10–15 s) which might be attributed to the lack of IK(Ca) in that model. Incorporation of [K+]o regulation mechanisms in standard models of cortical pyramidal cells and ...
... exhibited periodic bursting after [K+]o increase in a single model cell; however, the bursts occurred at a very low frequency (every 10–15 s) which might be attributed to the lack of IK(Ca) in that model. Incorporation of [K+]o regulation mechanisms in standard models of cortical pyramidal cells and ...
Myotatic Reflex
... cell body acts like a sphere (charges/ions distribute evenly over a spherical surface). ...
... cell body acts like a sphere (charges/ions distribute evenly over a spherical surface). ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... 3. Phase code for memory The phase code of memory will first be illustrated in a simple example using an abstract representation of oscillations. These modelled oscillations can represent a range of different physiological phenomena. They could represent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations ...
... 3. Phase code for memory The phase code of memory will first be illustrated in a simple example using an abstract representation of oscillations. These modelled oscillations can represent a range of different physiological phenomena. They could represent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations ...
Title: 공학도를 위한 생물학 (2)
... And if there is no information at all than you can see flat by every possible state, or value through it all is equally right. That's the complete difference ?[23:05]what's like to be proven. And it's actually possible to, at least in simple cases, to specify information in a molecule. So this is th ...
... And if there is no information at all than you can see flat by every possible state, or value through it all is equally right. That's the complete difference ?[23:05]what's like to be proven. And it's actually possible to, at least in simple cases, to specify information in a molecule. So this is th ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... Figure 15–2 Working memory maintained by a tuned network activity pattern (a bump attractor) (A) Model architecture. Excitatory pyramidal cells are labeled by their preferred cues (0o to 360o). Pyramidal cells with similar preferred cues are connected through local E-to-E connections. Interneurons r ...
... Figure 15–2 Working memory maintained by a tuned network activity pattern (a bump attractor) (A) Model architecture. Excitatory pyramidal cells are labeled by their preferred cues (0o to 360o). Pyramidal cells with similar preferred cues are connected through local E-to-E connections. Interneurons r ...
Detecting Action Potentials in Neuronal Populations with Calcium
... SMETTERS, MAJEWSKA, AND YUSTE ...
... SMETTERS, MAJEWSKA, AND YUSTE ...
Spiking Neurons with Boltzmann-like Properties to
... In equations 4 and 5, R is the learning rate, which is 0.01 in the simulations below. WB is the target post-synaptic weight and Wj is the incoming synaptic weight to the post-synaptic neuron. In these simulations, WB was set to 4. ∆+ wij = (1 − wij ) ∗ R ∗ 10(WB −Wj ) ...
... In equations 4 and 5, R is the learning rate, which is 0.01 in the simulations below. WB is the target post-synaptic weight and Wj is the incoming synaptic weight to the post-synaptic neuron. In these simulations, WB was set to 4. ∆+ wij = (1 − wij ) ∗ R ∗ 10(WB −Wj ) ...
The Basal Ganglia Anatomy, Physiology, etc. Overview
... strongest output going to motor areas – Ventral thalamus also projects to striatum, forming a potential feedback circuit – Basal ganglia motor output has a somatotopic organization such that the body below the neck is largely represented in GPi, and the head and eyes are largely represented in SNp ...
... strongest output going to motor areas – Ventral thalamus also projects to striatum, forming a potential feedback circuit – Basal ganglia motor output has a somatotopic organization such that the body below the neck is largely represented in GPi, and the head and eyes are largely represented in SNp ...
Tick-borne flaviviruses alter membrane structure and replicate in
... levels of mortality. However, detailed mechanisms of viral replication in the brain and features of viral pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We carried out a comparative analysis of replication of neurotropic flaviviruses: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis ...
... levels of mortality. However, detailed mechanisms of viral replication in the brain and features of viral pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We carried out a comparative analysis of replication of neurotropic flaviviruses: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis ...
DESCENDING TRACTS
... Regulate muscle tone and muscle force. May be involved in selecting and inhibiting specific motor synergies. ...
... Regulate muscle tone and muscle force. May be involved in selecting and inhibiting specific motor synergies. ...