The vestibular stimulus is provided by Earth`s
... d. Cochlear duct - contains Organ of Corti 1. Tectorial membrane (top) 2. Basilar membrane (bottom) 3. Hair cells ...
... d. Cochlear duct - contains Organ of Corti 1. Tectorial membrane (top) 2. Basilar membrane (bottom) 3. Hair cells ...
UNIT 3
... neurotransmitters are acetylcholine (Ach), amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and glycine), and nitric oxide. Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are present in the CNS and PNS. The same neurotransmitter may ...
... neurotransmitters are acetylcholine (Ach), amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and glycine), and nitric oxide. Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are present in the CNS and PNS. The same neurotransmitter may ...
Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi © 2016 Ebneshahidi
... 1. The membrane is semi-permeable some things get through, while others do not get through. Important ions to be concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients ...
... 1. The membrane is semi-permeable some things get through, while others do not get through. Important ions to be concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients ...
nerve impulse
... channels to open Opening of ion channels produces a postsynaptic potential, either an excitatory postsynaptic potential or an inhibitory postsynaptic potential The neurotransmitter’s action is quickly terminated by neurotransmitter molecules being transported back into the synaptic knob (reuptake) ...
... channels to open Opening of ion channels produces a postsynaptic potential, either an excitatory postsynaptic potential or an inhibitory postsynaptic potential The neurotransmitter’s action is quickly terminated by neurotransmitter molecules being transported back into the synaptic knob (reuptake) ...
The Function & Anatomy of Neurons What is a Neuron?
... Motor(Efferent)- Carry impulses from the central nervous system to any part of the body capable of responding. (most are multipolar). ...
... Motor(Efferent)- Carry impulses from the central nervous system to any part of the body capable of responding. (most are multipolar). ...
Ch1-2
... The term osmole is defined as one mole of a nondiffusing and nondissociating substance. One mole of a dissociating substance such as NaCl is equivalent to two osmoles. The number of osmoles per liter of solution is called osmolarity. For physiological solutions, it is convenient to work in terms of ...
... The term osmole is defined as one mole of a nondiffusing and nondissociating substance. One mole of a dissociating substance such as NaCl is equivalent to two osmoles. The number of osmoles per liter of solution is called osmolarity. For physiological solutions, it is convenient to work in terms of ...
Chapter 12: Neural Tissue
... B. Voltage regulated channels - open/close in response to shift in transmembrane potential - excitable membrane only: conduct action ...
... B. Voltage regulated channels - open/close in response to shift in transmembrane potential - excitable membrane only: conduct action ...
Neural Control - Del Mar College
... • When stimulus in the neuron’s trigger zone reaches threshold potential, gated sodium channels open • Voltage difference decreases and starts the action potential ...
... • When stimulus in the neuron’s trigger zone reaches threshold potential, gated sodium channels open • Voltage difference decreases and starts the action potential ...
Electrode Potentials hw - A
... standard conditions. Write a half-equation for the reaction occurring at the negative electrode of this cell when a current is drawn. Cell e.m.f. ............................................................................................................... Half-equation ............................ ...
... standard conditions. Write a half-equation for the reaction occurring at the negative electrode of this cell when a current is drawn. Cell e.m.f. ............................................................................................................... Half-equation ............................ ...
The Nervous System
... 17. What would happen to the resting potential of a neuron if it ran out of ATP? 18. When a neuron receives an excitatory stimulus, what causes the membrane to depolarize? 19. All stimuli cause neurons to depolarize. True or False 20. When threshold potential is reached, voltage-gated Na channels op ...
... 17. What would happen to the resting potential of a neuron if it ran out of ATP? 18. When a neuron receives an excitatory stimulus, what causes the membrane to depolarize? 19. All stimuli cause neurons to depolarize. True or False 20. When threshold potential is reached, voltage-gated Na channels op ...
An introduction to hearing
... Hair cell tuning • each hair cell tuned to characteristic frequency of basilar membrane at that position – successive hair cells differ in tuning by 0.2% (piano notes differ by 6%) – tuning curves show the SPL required for 1mV depolarisation ...
... Hair cell tuning • each hair cell tuned to characteristic frequency of basilar membrane at that position – successive hair cells differ in tuning by 0.2% (piano notes differ by 6%) – tuning curves show the SPL required for 1mV depolarisation ...
Lecture Outline
... K+ is higher than at rest, so the membrane potential is closer to EK than it is at the resting potential. The K+ channels eventually close, and the membrane potential returns to the resting potential. ...
... K+ is higher than at rest, so the membrane potential is closer to EK than it is at the resting potential. The K+ channels eventually close, and the membrane potential returns to the resting potential. ...
Anat3_01_Nervous_Tissue
... The refractory period is the period of time after an action potential begins during which an excitable cell cannot generate another action potential. Absolute refractory period – a second action potential ...
... The refractory period is the period of time after an action potential begins during which an excitable cell cannot generate another action potential. Absolute refractory period – a second action potential ...
Neuron Function 2
... dendrite or cell body (soma) Individual protein subunits connexins Six together make a pore connexon Cells electrically connected; thus AP passes from one directly onto the next ...
... dendrite or cell body (soma) Individual protein subunits connexins Six together make a pore connexon Cells electrically connected; thus AP passes from one directly onto the next ...
Action Potential - Angelo State University
... 2. Anything that alters ion concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. Stimuli affect the resting membrane potential (polarized) 1. If there is no stimulus the membrane is said to be polarized: the membrane has potential; there is a separation of charges or a voltage across the plasmalemma. 2. ...
... 2. Anything that alters ion concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. Stimuli affect the resting membrane potential (polarized) 1. If there is no stimulus the membrane is said to be polarized: the membrane has potential; there is a separation of charges or a voltage across the plasmalemma. 2. ...
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
... o This represents the movement of far fewer ions than would be required to alter the chemical concentration gradient. ...
... o This represents the movement of far fewer ions than would be required to alter the chemical concentration gradient. ...
1. Biophysics of the Nervous System
... particularly active methabolic Na-K pump, control internal and external concentrations. The action of this pump is in the opposite direction with passive leakage currents. Therefore, the concentrations of Na and K ions are kept at a certain level, by sending excessive ions back. The pump is electric ...
... particularly active methabolic Na-K pump, control internal and external concentrations. The action of this pump is in the opposite direction with passive leakage currents. Therefore, the concentrations of Na and K ions are kept at a certain level, by sending excessive ions back. The pump is electric ...
The resting membrane potential - Lectures For UG-5
... • Action potentials can be initiated only in portions of the membrane with abundant voltage gated Na+ channels • Sites of a nerve cell specialized for graded potentials such as dendrites and cell body do not undergo action potentials because they have less voltage gated Na+ channels • Graded potenti ...
... • Action potentials can be initiated only in portions of the membrane with abundant voltage gated Na+ channels • Sites of a nerve cell specialized for graded potentials such as dendrites and cell body do not undergo action potentials because they have less voltage gated Na+ channels • Graded potenti ...
The Action Potential
... The depolarization phase of action potential is abrupt and very rapid: in takes place in less than one milisecond. Soon after reaching the maximum peak of depolarization ( which inverts the membrane potential to some +10 to+ 20 mV), it begins to return to normal, that is, towards its value at rest. ...
... The depolarization phase of action potential is abrupt and very rapid: in takes place in less than one milisecond. Soon after reaching the maximum peak of depolarization ( which inverts the membrane potential to some +10 to+ 20 mV), it begins to return to normal, that is, towards its value at rest. ...
Text 4-Nervous system: Organization and Physiology
... • Change conformation in response to voltage change in the surrounding membrane: “voltage gated” • Change conformation in response to binding by an ion or other compound: “ligand gated” • Are selective in which ions pass through the pore in the center • Amino acid charges around the pore can attract ...
... • Change conformation in response to voltage change in the surrounding membrane: “voltage gated” • Change conformation in response to binding by an ion or other compound: “ligand gated” • Are selective in which ions pass through the pore in the center • Amino acid charges around the pore can attract ...
Document
... – The resting potential depends on differences in ionic composition inside and outside the cell • More K+ than Na+ diffuses inward through membrane channels • Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport Na+ out of cell and K+ in • The ionic gradient produces a voltage across the membrane. http:\\www. ...
... – The resting potential depends on differences in ionic composition inside and outside the cell • More K+ than Na+ diffuses inward through membrane channels • Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport Na+ out of cell and K+ in • The ionic gradient produces a voltage across the membrane. http:\\www. ...
Ch 49 Pract Test Nervous System
... Which statement about the resting potential of a neuron is true? a. Sodium ions are in balance inside and outside the neuron’s membrane. b. There are many times more sodium ions outside the neuron’s membrane than inside. c. There are fewer potassium ions inside the neuron’s membrane than outside. d ...
... Which statement about the resting potential of a neuron is true? a. Sodium ions are in balance inside and outside the neuron’s membrane. b. There are many times more sodium ions outside the neuron’s membrane than inside. c. There are fewer potassium ions inside the neuron’s membrane than outside. d ...
Neurophysiology – Action Potential, Nerve Impulse, and Synapses
... The outside surface of a cell membrane is electrically charged or polarized with respect to the inside. This polarization is due to an unequal distribution of positive and negative ions between sides of the membrane. A. Distribution of Ions The distribution of ions inside and outside cell membranes ...
... The outside surface of a cell membrane is electrically charged or polarized with respect to the inside. This polarization is due to an unequal distribution of positive and negative ions between sides of the membrane. A. Distribution of Ions The distribution of ions inside and outside cell membranes ...
Chapter 5 Gases - Bethel Local Schools
... • Cnidarians and echinoderms have a simple nervous system, a nerve net with no central integrating organ. • Bilateral animals have three types of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. • Flatworms have paired ganglia that serve as an integrating center. Other invertebrates have m ...
... • Cnidarians and echinoderms have a simple nervous system, a nerve net with no central integrating organ. • Bilateral animals have three types of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. • Flatworms have paired ganglia that serve as an integrating center. Other invertebrates have m ...
Patch clamp
The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. The technique can be applied to a wide variety of cells, but is especially useful in the study of excitable cells such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers, and pancreatic beta cells. It can also be applied to the study of bacterial ion channels in specially prepared giant spheroplasts.The patch clamp technique is a refinement of the voltage clamp. Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann developed the patch clamp in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This discovery made it possible to record the currents of single ion channel molecules for the first time, which improved understanding of the involvement of channels in fundamental cell processes such as action potentials and nerve activity. Neher and Sakmann received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991 for this work.