Genetic Diversity of Offspring
... chance of survival if be advantageous to have they are rearranged genes rearrange each at each generation generation? • Only offspring that are • Are you a twin, or do you not diverse are twins know any twins? Do you – Identical twins – Fraternal twins ...
... chance of survival if be advantageous to have they are rearranged genes rearrange each at each generation generation? • Only offspring that are • Are you a twin, or do you not diverse are twins know any twins? Do you – Identical twins – Fraternal twins ...
The Biological Research
... Human traits are Polygenic More and more evidence is accumulating in support of the heritability of our traits and our aptitudes. How do we separate environmental from genetic effects? The twin study method. Identical (monozygotic) twins (MZ) share 100% of their genes. They are compared to fraternal ...
... Human traits are Polygenic More and more evidence is accumulating in support of the heritability of our traits and our aptitudes. How do we separate environmental from genetic effects? The twin study method. Identical (monozygotic) twins (MZ) share 100% of their genes. They are compared to fraternal ...
Example
... The proportion of phenotypic (observed) variance in a given population that is due to genetic variance. H of 20 = 20% GV and 80% Environmental Example: Individual differences in drinking habits show evidence of heritability ...
... The proportion of phenotypic (observed) variance in a given population that is due to genetic variance. H of 20 = 20% GV and 80% Environmental Example: Individual differences in drinking habits show evidence of heritability ...
Genetic and Neural Explanations
... 13 times more likely to have a history of violent behaviour. This research is in its infancy and has yet to be replicated. MAOA gene: controls dopamine and serotonin in the brain and has been linked to aggressive behaviour ...
... 13 times more likely to have a history of violent behaviour. This research is in its infancy and has yet to be replicated. MAOA gene: controls dopamine and serotonin in the brain and has been linked to aggressive behaviour ...
Nature VS Nurture
... unchangeable- or does the environment actually produces changes in the brain? It depends…. ...
... unchangeable- or does the environment actually produces changes in the brain? It depends…. ...
SR6e Chapter 3
... Single gene-pair inheritance ◦ Dominant gene = dominant trait ◦ Recessive genes Trait expressed if paired with a similar gene (Homozygous) Trait not expressed if paired with dissimilar gene (Heterozygous) ◦ Recessive traits: homozygous recessive ◦ Dominant traits: hetero or homozygous gene pair ...
... Single gene-pair inheritance ◦ Dominant gene = dominant trait ◦ Recessive genes Trait expressed if paired with a similar gene (Homozygous) Trait not expressed if paired with dissimilar gene (Heterozygous) ◦ Recessive traits: homozygous recessive ◦ Dominant traits: hetero or homozygous gene pair ...
Genetics and Behavior Principles of Gene Action and Heredity
... environment combine to influence organism’s development – Variations in environment can have large effects on development of phenotype – Gene-environment interaction is a two-way process – Genetic factors play a role in the environments that individuals inhabit and how they shape their environments ...
... environment combine to influence organism’s development – Variations in environment can have large effects on development of phenotype – Gene-environment interaction is a two-way process – Genetic factors play a role in the environments that individuals inhabit and how they shape their environments ...
Environmental Influences
... • Many phenotypes are influenced by the environment – Phenotype = All the observable characteristics of an organism, such as shape, size, color, and behavior, that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic makeup) with the environment. ...
... • Many phenotypes are influenced by the environment – Phenotype = All the observable characteristics of an organism, such as shape, size, color, and behavior, that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic makeup) with the environment. ...
Ch.03 Nature Nurture
... E.g. Men more likely than women to initiate casual sex. Why? Biologically, it is a more successful reproductive strategy for men than women. ...
... E.g. Men more likely than women to initiate casual sex. Why? Biologically, it is a more successful reproductive strategy for men than women. ...
Module 3PPT
... Imagine for a moment that your adoring parents, who believe you are perfect, decide to clone you, creating a perfect genetic replica of you. Would the new baby, your identical twin, grow up to be exactly like you? What if the baby were exposed to a different prenatal environment – one ...
... Imagine for a moment that your adoring parents, who believe you are perfect, decide to clone you, creating a perfect genetic replica of you. Would the new baby, your identical twin, grow up to be exactly like you? What if the baby were exposed to a different prenatal environment – one ...
identical versus fraternal twins
... rules for accepted and expected behavior. Men holding hands in Saudi Arabia is the norm (closer personal space), but not in American culture. ...
... rules for accepted and expected behavior. Men holding hands in Saudi Arabia is the norm (closer personal space), but not in American culture. ...
Pedigrees and human genetics
... Affected males pass trait to daughters but not sons Affected females pass trait to half of children Y-Linked Traits 6.4 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and ...
... Affected males pass trait to daughters but not sons Affected females pass trait to half of children Y-Linked Traits 6.4 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and ...
Introduction to Psychology
... mind, using principles of natural selection Example Helps explain gender differences in sexuality ...
... mind, using principles of natural selection Example Helps explain gender differences in sexuality ...
Introduction to Psychology
... Behavior Genetics: The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior ...
... Behavior Genetics: The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior ...
Where Do Your Genes Comes From? Methods for Studying
... If adopted children are MORE like their biological parents, then genetic factors have a greater influence on that trait. If adopted children are MORE like their adoptive parents, then environmental factors have a greater influence on that trait. ...
... If adopted children are MORE like their biological parents, then genetic factors have a greater influence on that trait. If adopted children are MORE like their adoptive parents, then environmental factors have a greater influence on that trait. ...
Nature vs. Nurture
... • Male with reduced masculine characteristics, enlarged breasts, obesity, and excessive height • Turner’s Syndrome– the 23rd pair is ______ an ___ for females • Female who is very short, infertile, and sexually underdeveloped ...
... • Male with reduced masculine characteristics, enlarged breasts, obesity, and excessive height • Turner’s Syndrome– the 23rd pair is ______ an ___ for females • Female who is very short, infertile, and sexually underdeveloped ...
Human Development Fall 2011 Daily Questions Genetic Bases of
... have two X’s and boys only have one X? 2. Explain the concept of heritability so that one of your classmates would be able to understand it. Use an example (in class, I used shirt color, but you could use intelligence, personality, etc). 3. What is the logic behind twin studies? 4. What is a confoun ...
... have two X’s and boys only have one X? 2. Explain the concept of heritability so that one of your classmates would be able to understand it. Use an example (in class, I used shirt color, but you could use intelligence, personality, etc). 3. What is the logic behind twin studies? 4. What is a confoun ...
Uses of heritability
... Heritabilty estimates from human twin studies are biased 5. Studies often based on small sample sizes, and therefore estimates are not very precise (large standard errors) 6. Some studies include male-female fraternal twins, whereas identical twins are always the same sex. ...
... Heritabilty estimates from human twin studies are biased 5. Studies often based on small sample sizes, and therefore estimates are not very precise (large standard errors) 6. Some studies include male-female fraternal twins, whereas identical twins are always the same sex. ...
Separated Twins
... • Bouchard’s University of Minnesota study – Tested over 70 pairs – Tested on intelligence, personality, heart rates, brain waves, habits, attitudes, interests, fears – Extraversion/introversion; neuroticism/emotional stability highly correlated with genetic similarity ...
... • Bouchard’s University of Minnesota study – Tested over 70 pairs – Tested on intelligence, personality, heart rates, brain waves, habits, attitudes, interests, fears – Extraversion/introversion; neuroticism/emotional stability highly correlated with genetic similarity ...
Module 3 Nature vs. Nurture
... passed on to future generations Adaptation – species changing genetically to better survive in their environment ...
... passed on to future generations Adaptation – species changing genetically to better survive in their environment ...
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
... •Twins who developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms •Called monozygotic twins Fraternal Twins ...
... •Twins who developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms •Called monozygotic twins Fraternal Twins ...
Twin study
Twin studies reveal the absolute and relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individuals in a sample. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics and in content fields, from biology to psychology. Twin studies are part of the methods used in behavior genetics, which includes all data that are genetically informative – siblings, adoptees, pedigree data etc.Twins are a valuable source for observation because they allow the study of varying family environments (across pairs) and widely differing genetic makeup: ""identical"" or monozygotic (MZ) twins share nearly 100% of their genes, which means that most differences between the twins (such as height, susceptibility to boredom, intelligence, depression, etc.) is due to experiences that one twin has but not the other twin. ""Fraternal"" or dizygotic (DZ) twins share only about 50% of their genes. Thus powerful tests of the effects of genes can be made. Twins share many aspects of their environment (e.g., uterine environment, parenting style, education, wealth, culture, community) by virtue of being born in the same time and place. The presence of a given genetic trait in only one member of a pair of identical twins (called discordance) provides a powerful window into environmental effects.The classical twin design compares the similarity of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. If identical twins are considerably more similar than fraternal twins (which is found for most traits), this implicates that genes play an important role in these traits. By comparing many hundreds of families of twins, researchers can then understand more about the roles of genetic effects, shared environment, and unique environment in shaping behavior.Modern twin studies have shown that almost all traits are in part influenced by genetic differences, with some characteristics showing a strong influence (e.g. height), others an intermediate level (e.g. personality traits) and some more complex heritabilities, with evidence for different genes affecting different aspects of the trait — as in the case of autism.