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Flowering of plants
Flowering of plants

... stamens (filament and anther) and pistil (ovary, style and stigma; see figure 4a). Sepals and petals form the vegetative part, stamens and carpels the reproductive parts. Sepals protect the inner part of the flower, while the coloured petals can attract pollinators and also have a protective functio ...
Photosynthesis – Part 1
Photosynthesis – Part 1

... 1. For example, Bolting – This process is triggered by water (ligand) entering the seed. 2. For example, Greening – The plant begins producing chloroplasts in response to sunlight. C. Hormones are released to target tissues to relay information. (Remember, only need small amounts  cell amplifies.) ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... water, which adhere to the particles. But loams also have enough coarse particles to provide air spaces containing oxygen that can be used by roots for cellular respiration. • Humus is the decomposing organic material formed by the action of bacteria and fungi on dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves ...
Chapter 12: Diversification of the Eukaryotes: Plants and Fungi
Chapter 12: Diversification of the Eukaryotes: Plants and Fungi

... Plants are sessile (attached) and terrestrial (land-living). Plants are also multicellular. They develop specialized tissues and organs, such as roots and shoots. The inability of plants to move shapes the way they obtain food, reproduce, and protect themselves from predation. Plants need sunlight, ...
Cert Bio II - Asexual reproduction Answer
Cert Bio II - Asexual reproduction Answer

... Which of the following statements about binary fission in amoeba is INCORRECT? A. Two daughter amoebae are formed in each fission. B. The daughter amoebae are identical in their genetic contents. C. The chromosome number of the daughter amoebae is half of that of the parent. D. The newly-formed daug ...
Science - Kennesaw State University
Science - Kennesaw State University

... •Leaves are the food making factories of green plants. Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes. Veins carry water and nutrients within the leaf. Leaves are the site of the food making process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis supplies food for the plant and oxygen for other forms of life ...
Seed Vascular Plants
Seed Vascular Plants

... - Most plants have 2 kinds of spores (p. 620) Megasporangia produces a megaspore which develops into female gametophyte Microsporangia produces a microspore which develops into male gametophyte ...
Xeriscape Education Module 2 Basic Botany PDF
Xeriscape Education Module 2 Basic Botany PDF

... Plants with enlarged crowns near the ground level, having a series of scars or constrictions as they enter up into the stem are perennials. ...
Mission 2
Mission 2

... that keeps our feet firmly planted on the Earth? We know which way is down because of gravity's pull on us. Well, plants also use gravity to know which way is down. The root tips of plants have special starch grains inside called statoliths. These grains are heavy. They fall to the bottom of the roo ...
Botany for the herbalist
Botany for the herbalist

... on each side: therefore, it will tend to move from the left to the right, diluting the concentrated solution until the two sides are equal. The law of osmosis is summed up this way: water tends to move against the concentration gradient, from low concentration to high concentration, until equilibriu ...
Plant responses to internal and external signals
Plant responses to internal and external signals

... of plant. Those cells elongate and plant grows toward light( or inhibit growth in root) ...
sara - ayalabme3
sara - ayalabme3

... seed in my bag. The other seed is my seed friend Sydney Seed. Hey watch it! A hand picked us up. The person made two little holes in soil with his finger. Then he dropped us in the holes. AHHHHHH!!! We were both glad that was over. Then he covered us up with a blanket of soil. Each day the man walke ...
Unit 2 - Notes
Unit 2 - Notes

... If something does not have these characteristics (cells, biogenesis growth and development, metabolism, water requirements, organic compound production, reproduction with inheritance and adaptations), then it is not considered a living thing. A fox would be a living thing whereas a rock would not (i ...
Chapter 2 Jeopardy Review
Chapter 2 Jeopardy Review

... c. They produce bark to protect the stem. d. They are flexible and can bend in your hand. back ...
Classification and Naming of Plants - UNL ALEC
Classification and Naming of Plants - UNL ALEC

... a systematic method to allow professionals and gardeners to easily communicate with each other and with others across the world without being confused by common names. ...
Practice Quiz II - mvhs
Practice Quiz II - mvhs

... 4. Regulation of stomatal opening and closing is important to plant growth. There are many triggers that cause the stomata to be open or closed. One of these triggers is Abscissic Acid. Abscissic Acid causes stomata to close. Suppose you treat a plant with Abscissic Acid. a) Will there be a HIGH or ...
Plants, Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Respiration
Plants, Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Respiration

... guard cells through their opining/closing Leaves have epidermis with cuticles and stomata to prevent water loss; guard cells control the opening of the stomata In plants, chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make food during photosynthesis Photosynthesis and c ...
Welcome to the first regular gardening column that is to encourage
Welcome to the first regular gardening column that is to encourage

... Don’t be tempted to cut off dead flower heads of sunflowers or other seed-bearing flower heads, leave then for the birds. If your roses are covered in rose hips, the birds love them too. Leave on the old flower heads of Hydrangea and Sedum to give some colour to the winter garden. It’s also a good w ...
Vascular Plant Systematics - Fall 2001 Lecture #10
Vascular Plant Systematics - Fall 2001 Lecture #10

... ** - The ovules then had to be protected from being eaten (beetles) such protection afforded by closed carpels allowed the ovules to become smaller and faster developing (more enduring compared to ferns and gymnosperms). ** - By the beginning of the Cenozoic Era (65-70 mya) - bees, moths, and butter ...
• Earth has SEVEN major biomes: • Marine • Tropical rain forest
• Earth has SEVEN major biomes: • Marine • Tropical rain forest

... • Canopy consists of uppermost branches of trees ...
Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants that do not
Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants that do not

... There are many different kinds of plants. These can be found in almost every type of habitat and come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Plants are an important source of nutrition for mankind and many of the herbs can be used as medicine. A few examples of different plant types are given below. Angi ...
Plant Anatomy: Intro to Plant Reproduction
Plant Anatomy: Intro to Plant Reproduction

... • Clade = branch on an evolutionary tree, a lineage, includes an ancestor and all its descendants. Ex.: Green plants, chlorophytes, land plants. • Paraphyletic group = a group that includes an ancestor and some (but not all) of its descendants, indicated by double quotation marks. Ex.: “Green algae” ...
Green plant diversity
Green plant diversity

... • Clade = branch on an evolutionary tree, a lineage, includes an ancestor and all its descendants. Ex.: Green plants, chlorophytes, land plants. • Paraphyletic group = a group that includes an ancestor and some (but not all) of its descendants, indicated by double quotation marks. Ex.: “Green algae” ...
The Grey Squirrel
The Grey Squirrel

... Another problem is that the grey squirrel digs out the winter stores of the European squirrels. The native squirrels loose around one third of their food reserves and are therefore weakend in springtime. So the birth rate of the European squirrels is declining while the grey squirrels one is rising. ...
Adenium obesum - Lee County Extension
Adenium obesum - Lee County Extension

... Desert rose must be grown in full sun or its limbs become leggy in the shade and its flowering reduced. Originally from arid to semi-arid regions, it is nonetheless frequently cultivated in humid tropical or semi-tropical areas. Under ideal conditions, desert rose can live for hundreds of years. Dra ...
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Botany



Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specializes in this field of study. The term ""botany"" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning ""pasture"", ""grass"", or ""fodder""; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), ""to feed"" or ""to graze"". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists study approximately 400,000 species of living organisms of which some 260,000 species are vascular plants and about 248,000 are flowering plants.Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making it one of the oldest branches of science. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants of medical importance. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy, and led in 1753 to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day.In the 19th and 20th centuries, new techniques were developed for the study of plants, including methods of optical microscopy and live cell imaging, electron microscopy, analysis of chromosome number, plant chemistry and the structure and function of enzymes and other proteins. In the last two decades of the 20th century, botanists exploited the techniques of molecular genetic analysis, including genomics and proteomics and DNA sequences to classify plants more accurately.Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods and textiles, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.
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