ECG Final By Dr Waseem Ahmad
... ƒ(This does not mean that every P wave must be followed by a QRS – such as in 2nd degree heart block where some P waves are not followed by a QRS, however every QRS is preceded by a P wave and the rhythm originates in the sinus node, hence it is a sinus rhythm. It could be said that it is not a norm ...
... ƒ(This does not mean that every P wave must be followed by a QRS – such as in 2nd degree heart block where some P waves are not followed by a QRS, however every QRS is preceded by a P wave and the rhythm originates in the sinus node, hence it is a sinus rhythm. It could be said that it is not a norm ...
Steeper restitution slopes across right ventricular endocardium in
... restitution heterogeneity provide the substrate for ventricular fibrillation in computational models and experimental studies. Their relationship to ventricular arrhythmia vulnerability in human cardiomyopathy has not been defined. Patients with cardiomyopathy [left ventricular (LV) ejection fractio ...
... restitution heterogeneity provide the substrate for ventricular fibrillation in computational models and experimental studies. Their relationship to ventricular arrhythmia vulnerability in human cardiomyopathy has not been defined. Patients with cardiomyopathy [left ventricular (LV) ejection fractio ...
OVEREXPRESSION OF ANG-(1-7) OR CARDIAC-SELECTIVE OVEREXPRESSION
... et al., 2009) (Rosamond et al., 2007). Prompt recognition and treatment is critical for preventing further damage to the myocardium. Heart Failure Heart failure is a condition when the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body’s demand. The most common cause for the heart failure is ischemic ...
... et al., 2009) (Rosamond et al., 2007). Prompt recognition and treatment is critical for preventing further damage to the myocardium. Heart Failure Heart failure is a condition when the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body’s demand. The most common cause for the heart failure is ischemic ...
clinically applicable alternative to Emax
... disease) lead to load induced congestive heart failure. Load induced congestive heart failure occurs as a consequence of the overworking of the heart, when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the systemic circulation. Right now, 7% of those living with heart disease have heart failure. The ...
... disease) lead to load induced congestive heart failure. Load induced congestive heart failure occurs as a consequence of the overworking of the heart, when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the systemic circulation. Right now, 7% of those living with heart disease have heart failure. The ...
Full Text
... dose of anthracycline (26) and 6 cycles of liposomal doxorubicin (27), respectively. Radial strain parameters are known to be variable. However, a fall in radial SR of 13% to 28% (26,27,35,43) or radial strain of 24% to 35% of the mid inferior-lateral walls also seems to detect early myocardial chan ...
... dose of anthracycline (26) and 6 cycles of liposomal doxorubicin (27), respectively. Radial strain parameters are known to be variable. However, a fall in radial SR of 13% to 28% (26,27,35,43) or radial strain of 24% to 35% of the mid inferior-lateral walls also seems to detect early myocardial chan ...
Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin—analysis from
... therapeutic index and a potential to contribute to lifethreatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias and severe bradyarrhythmias.6,7 Of particular concern is the fact that elevated serum levels of digoxin have been correlated with increased mortality in multiple patient populations.7,8 Yet, several rando ...
... therapeutic index and a potential to contribute to lifethreatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias and severe bradyarrhythmias.6,7 Of particular concern is the fact that elevated serum levels of digoxin have been correlated with increased mortality in multiple patient populations.7,8 Yet, several rando ...
Junctional tachycardias
... common in young people but may come and go through life. Patients may first present when they are old. When rapid arrhythmias occur in association with atrial fibrillation, patients may present with heart failure or hypotension. Drugs that block the atrioventricular node—for example, digoxin, verapa ...
... common in young people but may come and go through life. Patients may first present when they are old. When rapid arrhythmias occur in association with atrial fibrillation, patients may present with heart failure or hypotension. Drugs that block the atrioventricular node—for example, digoxin, verapa ...
Problems concerning assessment of anatomical site - Heart
... the surface electrocardiogram shows a short PR A (Mann et al., I973; Ohnell, I944). We now describe two patients with the surface interval and a wide bizarre QRS complex and there is a tendency to paroxysmal tachycardia (Wolff, electrocardiographic appearances of type B WPW Parkinson, and White, I93 ...
... the surface electrocardiogram shows a short PR A (Mann et al., I973; Ohnell, I944). We now describe two patients with the surface interval and a wide bizarre QRS complex and there is a tendency to paroxysmal tachycardia (Wolff, electrocardiographic appearances of type B WPW Parkinson, and White, I93 ...
Six Lead ECG
... are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells in the heart. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The recording is known as an electrocardiogram or ECG (Figure HH-4-B1). When diagnosing the he ...
... are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells in the heart. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The recording is known as an electrocardiogram or ECG (Figure HH-4-B1). When diagnosing the he ...
A low molecular weight, selective thrombin inhibitor, inogatran, vs
... significant at this time, i.e. the predefined time of primary comparison. After 30 days there were no significant differences between heparin and inogatran in terms of the composite cardiac events. Death, myocardial infarction and refractory angina tended to be less common after treatment with hepar ...
... significant at this time, i.e. the predefined time of primary comparison. After 30 days there were no significant differences between heparin and inogatran in terms of the composite cardiac events. Death, myocardial infarction and refractory angina tended to be less common after treatment with hepar ...
From basic mechanisms to clinical applications in heart protection
... also brings about the paradoxical phenomenon of myocardial ‘‘ischemia/reperfusion injury’’ (IRI). During the recent 3rd International Symposium on ‘‘New Frontiers in Cardiovascular Research’’ (Singapore), basic researchers and clinicians discussed new biomedical developments as well as new players i ...
... also brings about the paradoxical phenomenon of myocardial ‘‘ischemia/reperfusion injury’’ (IRI). During the recent 3rd International Symposium on ‘‘New Frontiers in Cardiovascular Research’’ (Singapore), basic researchers and clinicians discussed new biomedical developments as well as new players i ...
Six Lead ECG
... are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells in the heart. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The recording is known as an electrocardiogram or ECG (Figure HH-4-B1). When diagnosing the he ...
... are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells in the heart. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The recording is known as an electrocardiogram or ECG (Figure HH-4-B1). When diagnosing the he ...
Review Article Percutaneous device closure of secundum atrial
... ASO compared to surgery in a 162 patients. All patients were closed successfully with zero mortality, however the surgical group had a significantly higher primary event rate (25% vs. 13%) driven by moderate bleeding, mild respiratory infection and arrhythmias. The event rate was even higher in olde ...
... ASO compared to surgery in a 162 patients. All patients were closed successfully with zero mortality, however the surgical group had a significantly higher primary event rate (25% vs. 13%) driven by moderate bleeding, mild respiratory infection and arrhythmias. The event rate was even higher in olde ...
Shape and Volume Changes During "Isovolumetric Relaxation" in
... The corresponding end-systolic and end-isovolumetric relaxation frames were then identified on the simultaneously obtained left anterior oblique (LAO) projection. The LAO was carefully examined to assure that there was no inward motion of the ventricular walls seen in that projection during the inte ...
... The corresponding end-systolic and end-isovolumetric relaxation frames were then identified on the simultaneously obtained left anterior oblique (LAO) projection. The LAO was carefully examined to assure that there was no inward motion of the ventricular walls seen in that projection during the inte ...
ACE inhibition prevents diastolic Ca 2+ overload and - HAL
... respectively, higher and lower than in Sham mice (Table 1). Furthermore, the maximal slope of the increment of systolic pressure (dP/dt max), an index of myocardial contractility, was decreased whereas the maximal slope of the increment of diastolic pressure (dP/dt min), an index of relaxation, was ...
... respectively, higher and lower than in Sham mice (Table 1). Furthermore, the maximal slope of the increment of systolic pressure (dP/dt max), an index of myocardial contractility, was decreased whereas the maximal slope of the increment of diastolic pressure (dP/dt min), an index of relaxation, was ...
Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure By Mohammad M
... The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction without diastolic HF and the prevalence of mild diastolic HF (NYHA class II) are not known. Early studies suggested that as many as one third of patients presenting with overt CHF have a normal EF; isolated diastolic heart failure. Patients 70 years old, the p ...
... The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction without diastolic HF and the prevalence of mild diastolic HF (NYHA class II) are not known. Early studies suggested that as many as one third of patients presenting with overt CHF have a normal EF; isolated diastolic heart failure. Patients 70 years old, the p ...
Methods for Measuring Right Ventricular Function
... circulation. The resistance and compliance of the pulmonary vasculature contribute to the right ventricular afterload, which comprises the steady and unsteady loads that oppose the ejection of blood during ventricular systole. The RV afterload is lower than the LV afterload, both in terms of mean an ...
... circulation. The resistance and compliance of the pulmonary vasculature contribute to the right ventricular afterload, which comprises the steady and unsteady loads that oppose the ejection of blood during ventricular systole. The RV afterload is lower than the LV afterload, both in terms of mean an ...
Prognosis of complete versus incomplete
... using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cumulative event rates for the end point of all-cause mortality were compared between patients with complete revascularisation and patients with incomplete revascularisation, using the log-rank test. The influence of differences in baseline characteristics on 30-day mort ...
... using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cumulative event rates for the end point of all-cause mortality were compared between patients with complete revascularisation and patients with incomplete revascularisation, using the log-rank test. The influence of differences in baseline characteristics on 30-day mort ...
Introduction to fetal echo
... coming from the left hepatic vein (and ductus) and the desaturated blood from the rest of the inferior vena cava. The oxygenated blood enters the foramen ovale, while the desaturated blood goes through the tricuspid valve2. The foramen ovale is bordered on its inferior edge by the septum primum that ...
... coming from the left hepatic vein (and ductus) and the desaturated blood from the rest of the inferior vena cava. The oxygenated blood enters the foramen ovale, while the desaturated blood goes through the tricuspid valve2. The foramen ovale is bordered on its inferior edge by the septum primum that ...
Pulmonary hypertension at exercise in COPD: does it matter? EDITORIAL
... disease severity. Pulmonary hypertension defined by a mPAP higher than 25 mmHg was identified at rest in 27% of the patients, increasing to approximately half of those in GOLD stage IV. This is in keeping with previous reports of increased PAP in proportion to COPD severity [1, 2]. More original was ...
... disease severity. Pulmonary hypertension defined by a mPAP higher than 25 mmHg was identified at rest in 27% of the patients, increasing to approximately half of those in GOLD stage IV. This is in keeping with previous reports of increased PAP in proportion to COPD severity [1, 2]. More original was ...
Increased diastolic time fraction as beneficial adjunct of - AJP
... studies have furthermore demonstrated that ␣-adrenergic pathways in the vessel wall were acutely stimulated in patients who underwent balloon angioplasty (9, 12, 20). Gregorini et al. (9, 11, 12) observed that ␣1-mediated vasoconstriction developed over time (9, 11) and reached a maximum 15 min afte ...
... studies have furthermore demonstrated that ␣-adrenergic pathways in the vessel wall were acutely stimulated in patients who underwent balloon angioplasty (9, 12, 20). Gregorini et al. (9, 11, 12) observed that ␣1-mediated vasoconstriction developed over time (9, 11) and reached a maximum 15 min afte ...
VENTRICULAR BRADYCARDIA I
... lariZations. The origin of a tachyarrhythmia is determined from an observation of Which fat pad, When stimulated, induces a predetermined change in the cardiac rhythm. If no change in the ventricular rate is observed upon stimulation of either fat pad, the ventricle is deemed the origin; Whereas if ...
... lariZations. The origin of a tachyarrhythmia is determined from an observation of Which fat pad, When stimulated, induces a predetermined change in the cardiac rhythm. If no change in the ventricular rate is observed upon stimulation of either fat pad, the ventricle is deemed the origin; Whereas if ...
View Dhiraj Gupta`s Resume / CV
... I am the Chief Investigator for three multi-centre trials (PRESSURE, SMANPAF, and PRAISE), and have been successful in obtaining over £1.5 million in competitive research grants. In addition to my roles as an interventional EP cardiologist and researcher, I have forged strong links with primary care ...
... I am the Chief Investigator for three multi-centre trials (PRESSURE, SMANPAF, and PRAISE), and have been successful in obtaining over £1.5 million in competitive research grants. In addition to my roles as an interventional EP cardiologist and researcher, I have forged strong links with primary care ...
EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON FROG MUSCLE
... muscle strip preparation of the amphibian heart failed to respond to caffeine, but the beating sinoatrial muscle strip when treated with caffeine (30mM) showed an increase in frequency as well as in amplitude of contractions. These effects are difficult to explain. Histological and biochemical studi ...
... muscle strip preparation of the amphibian heart failed to respond to caffeine, but the beating sinoatrial muscle strip when treated with caffeine (30mM) showed an increase in frequency as well as in amplitude of contractions. These effects are difficult to explain. Histological and biochemical studi ...
Cardiac contractility modulation
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Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.