How does the heart work? What is cardiomyopathy? What causes
... listening with a stethoscope your vet might hear changes in the heart sounds (a 'heart murmur') or an abnormal heart rhythm. Your vet may be able to see other changes in your cat's appearance that suggest that heart disease is present. X-rays will usually be needed to see if the heart is enlarged or ...
... listening with a stethoscope your vet might hear changes in the heart sounds (a 'heart murmur') or an abnormal heart rhythm. Your vet may be able to see other changes in your cat's appearance that suggest that heart disease is present. X-rays will usually be needed to see if the heart is enlarged or ...
Hemodilution Is Common in Patients With Advanced Heart
... I131-tagged albumin techniques can identify patients with CHF who have hemodilution. Identification of these patients is clinically important because patients with true anemia need further diagnostic workup, whereas those with hemodilution do not. Whether hemodilution carries the same poor prognosis ...
... I131-tagged albumin techniques can identify patients with CHF who have hemodilution. Identification of these patients is clinically important because patients with true anemia need further diagnostic workup, whereas those with hemodilution do not. Whether hemodilution carries the same poor prognosis ...
Aortic and Mitral Valve Surgery on the Beating Heart is Lowering
... cross clamp time (ischemic time of myocardium). In the last few years a number of different techniques emerged in the field of cardiac surgery, which were directed toward better results in the selected high risk patients or to minimize the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the o ...
... cross clamp time (ischemic time of myocardium). In the last few years a number of different techniques emerged in the field of cardiac surgery, which were directed toward better results in the selected high risk patients or to minimize the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the o ...
Anatomical Survey: Observation of Physical and Functional
... overall output. This point brings up another important physiological aspect of heart mechanics: ventricular contractility. Contractility essentially refers to the strength with which the ventricles contract during systole. This aspect of the cardiomyocytes is affected by a number of factors includi ...
... overall output. This point brings up another important physiological aspect of heart mechanics: ventricular contractility. Contractility essentially refers to the strength with which the ventricles contract during systole. This aspect of the cardiomyocytes is affected by a number of factors includi ...
Module-1-Heart-and-Hypertension-EN
... b) Diagnostic Holter • Negative test does not rule out atrial fibrillation • Holter is often insufficient to diagnose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation • Cardiac loop monitor over 7 days or 2 weeks is better; documents arrhythmia, assesses rate control, assesses episodes of bradycardia ...
... b) Diagnostic Holter • Negative test does not rule out atrial fibrillation • Holter is often insufficient to diagnose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation • Cardiac loop monitor over 7 days or 2 weeks is better; documents arrhythmia, assesses rate control, assesses episodes of bradycardia ...
EKG Final Exam TEST A - 50 questions
... B. NSR @ 81, Right axis, LBBB, 1st degree AV block C. NSR @81, Left axis, LBBB, 1st degree AV block D. NSR @81, Right axis, RBBB, 1st degree AV block 45 Which of the following clinical scenarios could explain this EKG? A. Left ventricular hypertrophy B. Pulmonary embolism C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypother ...
... B. NSR @ 81, Right axis, LBBB, 1st degree AV block C. NSR @81, Left axis, LBBB, 1st degree AV block D. NSR @81, Right axis, RBBB, 1st degree AV block 45 Which of the following clinical scenarios could explain this EKG? A. Left ventricular hypertrophy B. Pulmonary embolism C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypother ...
Electrocardiogram
... -Right bundle branch (Tawara) -Left bundle branch (Tawara) -Purkinje fibers • Microscopically, the wave of de/repolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located between the cells. The heart is a functional syncytium: electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every dire ...
... -Right bundle branch (Tawara) -Left bundle branch (Tawara) -Purkinje fibers • Microscopically, the wave of de/repolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located between the cells. The heart is a functional syncytium: electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every dire ...
Electrocautery Mode in BSC Defibrillators and
... CRT-D Systems from Boston Scientific – PUNCTUA , ENERGEN , and INCEPTA Indications and Usage The PUNCTUATM, ENERGENTM, and INCEPTATM Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators (CRT-Ds) are indicated for patients with heart failure who receive stable optimal pharmacologic therapy (OPT) for hear ...
... CRT-D Systems from Boston Scientific – PUNCTUA , ENERGEN , and INCEPTA Indications and Usage The PUNCTUATM, ENERGENTM, and INCEPTATM Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators (CRT-Ds) are indicated for patients with heart failure who receive stable optimal pharmacologic therapy (OPT) for hear ...
Heart - Wsimg.com
... – is mostly under the sternum and extends from the 2nd Rib to the 5th Intercostal Space (ICS). – 2/3 of it is to the left of midsternal line. – 1/3 of it is to the right of midsternal line. – Base is “top” part. Great vessels attached here. – Apex is the pointed “bottom” part. PMI. • Point of Maxima ...
... – is mostly under the sternum and extends from the 2nd Rib to the 5th Intercostal Space (ICS). – 2/3 of it is to the left of midsternal line. – 1/3 of it is to the right of midsternal line. – Base is “top” part. Great vessels attached here. – Apex is the pointed “bottom” part. PMI. • Point of Maxima ...
New Treatment Options for Late Na Current, Arrhythmias, and
... did not cause negative inotropy but significantly ameliorated disturbed intracellular ion handling and reduced the increase in diastolic tension (ie, improved diastolic dysfunction [Fig. 1]). Interestingly, those trabeculae with severe diastolic dysfunction benefit from late INa inhibition even more ...
... did not cause negative inotropy but significantly ameliorated disturbed intracellular ion handling and reduced the increase in diastolic tension (ie, improved diastolic dysfunction [Fig. 1]). Interestingly, those trabeculae with severe diastolic dysfunction benefit from late INa inhibition even more ...
Heart Failure - Michigan Medicine
... o Cardiac surgeons with expertise in surgical treatments for heart failure, including valve surgery, coronary bypass, left ventricular myoplasty, mechanic assist devices and heart transplantation. o Post heart transplantation patient care ...
... o Cardiac surgeons with expertise in surgical treatments for heart failure, including valve surgery, coronary bypass, left ventricular myoplasty, mechanic assist devices and heart transplantation. o Post heart transplantation patient care ...
CHEP_CPD_Module1_EN
... b) Diagnostic Holter • Negative test does not rule out atrial fibrillation • Holter is often insufficient to diagnose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation • Cardiac loop monitor over 7 days or 2 weeks is better; documents arrhythmia, assesses rate control, assesses episodes of bradycardia ...
... b) Diagnostic Holter • Negative test does not rule out atrial fibrillation • Holter is often insufficient to diagnose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation • Cardiac loop monitor over 7 days or 2 weeks is better; documents arrhythmia, assesses rate control, assesses episodes of bradycardia ...
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management
... programs for patients with HF improve exercise capacity, skeletal and respiratory muscle function, quality of life, autonomic function, and biomarkers, and reduce depressive symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors.9,10 Based on the results of past studies of exercise training, maintenance of physic ...
... programs for patients with HF improve exercise capacity, skeletal and respiratory muscle function, quality of life, autonomic function, and biomarkers, and reduce depressive symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors.9,10 Based on the results of past studies of exercise training, maintenance of physic ...
Sinus_Tachycardia
... Sinus tachycardia occurs when the sinus rhythm is faster than 100 beats per minute. The rhythm is similar to normal sinus rhythm with the exception that the RR interval is shorter, less than 0.6 seconds. P waves are present and regular and each P-wave is followed by a QRS complex in a ratio of 1:1. ...
... Sinus tachycardia occurs when the sinus rhythm is faster than 100 beats per minute. The rhythm is similar to normal sinus rhythm with the exception that the RR interval is shorter, less than 0.6 seconds. P waves are present and regular and each P-wave is followed by a QRS complex in a ratio of 1:1. ...
The Cardiac Exam Fall 2005
... Lasts longer than 20 minutes AND is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin AND feels like: ...
... Lasts longer than 20 minutes AND is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin AND feels like: ...
A case of a giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm
... Figure 3) A rupture point was identified on the infero-lateral wall of the left ventricle (arrow). There is slight discoloration on each side of the rupture point, suggesting an acute myocardial infarction. The posterior wall of the right ventricle (RV) is slightly misshapen due to the mass effect p ...
... Figure 3) A rupture point was identified on the infero-lateral wall of the left ventricle (arrow). There is slight discoloration on each side of the rupture point, suggesting an acute myocardial infarction. The posterior wall of the right ventricle (RV) is slightly misshapen due to the mass effect p ...
Amyloidosis and the Heart
... (N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide) and high sensitivity troponin. These are known as ‘cardiac biomarkers’. High levels of these 2 markers in blood tests may be due to heart disease. In AL amyloidosis patients, the results of these blood tests often help to provide doctors with inform ...
... (N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide) and high sensitivity troponin. These are known as ‘cardiac biomarkers’. High levels of these 2 markers in blood tests may be due to heart disease. In AL amyloidosis patients, the results of these blood tests often help to provide doctors with inform ...
Influence of ejection fraction on outcomes and efficacy of
... NYHA functional class did not differ by EF. Patients with higher EF were more likely to have reduced diastolic blood pressure, although systolic blood pressure did not differ. Patients with higher ejection fraction were less likely to be on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin recepto ...
... NYHA functional class did not differ by EF. Patients with higher EF were more likely to have reduced diastolic blood pressure, although systolic blood pressure did not differ. Patients with higher ejection fraction were less likely to be on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin recepto ...
End-systolic Wall Stress-End-systolic Volume Ratio
... valve prostheses for "pure" mitral regurgitation, two patients could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and died. Two died perioperatively in a lowoutput state. The average follow-up period for surviving patients was 12 ± 8 months. All four of the patients who died were among the group of 21 ...
... valve prostheses for "pure" mitral regurgitation, two patients could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and died. Two died perioperatively in a lowoutput state. The average follow-up period for surviving patients was 12 ± 8 months. All four of the patients who died were among the group of 21 ...
Diaphragm, and Anterior Abdominal Wall
... (alled thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis, .which manifested a defective sternum plus abdomijial involvement. Major2 in 1953 reviewed all the cases that could be classified thoracoabdomiinal ectopia cordis according to Byron 's terminology. The characteristics of this group were (1) partial absence or ...
... (alled thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis, .which manifested a defective sternum plus abdomijial involvement. Major2 in 1953 reviewed all the cases that could be classified thoracoabdomiinal ectopia cordis according to Byron 's terminology. The characteristics of this group were (1) partial absence or ...
Acute Myocardial Infarction. The understanding of acute myocardial
... precipitating factors such as stress or exertion. The patient could exhibit nausea and vomiting during an AMI. Feelings of fear and anxiety will likely be present due to the patients awareness of what could be happening. Shortness of breath and dyspnea are common respiratory associated symptoms due ...
... precipitating factors such as stress or exertion. The patient could exhibit nausea and vomiting during an AMI. Feelings of fear and anxiety will likely be present due to the patients awareness of what could be happening. Shortness of breath and dyspnea are common respiratory associated symptoms due ...
Cardiac valve areas
... Measure the vertical distances from each point of cardiac dullness to the mid-sternal line with a stiff ruler When the left border of cardiac dullness falls outside the midclavicular line, it usually indicates that the left ventricle is enlarged If the left border of cardiac dullness goes out of lef ...
... Measure the vertical distances from each point of cardiac dullness to the mid-sternal line with a stiff ruler When the left border of cardiac dullness falls outside the midclavicular line, it usually indicates that the left ventricle is enlarged If the left border of cardiac dullness goes out of lef ...
Cardiac contractility modulation
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Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.