Worksheet
... incomplete block greater than 0. __ is a complete block Q = first negative deflection R = first positive deflection S = any negative deflection after an R wave ...
... incomplete block greater than 0. __ is a complete block Q = first negative deflection R = first positive deflection S = any negative deflection after an R wave ...
Evaluation of Ejection Fraction in Patients with cardiac
... in this study. Mean age at the time of enrolment was 54.6 ±11.2 years (Range: 32 years to 75 years); Most of patients were <60 years of age (14/19,73.7%). Only three patients were more than 70 years of age. Mean duration of symptoms at the time of enrolment into study was 3 years (6 months to 6 year ...
... in this study. Mean age at the time of enrolment was 54.6 ±11.2 years (Range: 32 years to 75 years); Most of patients were <60 years of age (14/19,73.7%). Only three patients were more than 70 years of age. Mean duration of symptoms at the time of enrolment into study was 3 years (6 months to 6 year ...
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance during Re
... in cellular osmolarity during recovery from low output failure. A similar trend was found during recovery from high output failure due to beriberi, suggesting an analogous cellular disturbance. It is postulated that increased cellular osmolarity is an important facto,' in the retention of water and ...
... in cellular osmolarity during recovery from low output failure. A similar trend was found during recovery from high output failure due to beriberi, suggesting an analogous cellular disturbance. It is postulated that increased cellular osmolarity is an important facto,' in the retention of water and ...
Congestive Heart Failure – When Stroke Volume Regulation Breaks
... The heart is enclosed and held in place by the pericardium. The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (Figure 20.2a). The fibrous pericardium is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It: 1. Anchors the heart to the diaphragm 2. Protects the hea ...
... The heart is enclosed and held in place by the pericardium. The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (Figure 20.2a). The fibrous pericardium is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It: 1. Anchors the heart to the diaphragm 2. Protects the hea ...
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart
... 1. Carefully remove the pericardial sac to expose the entire heart. This can be accomplished by continuing your initial cut toward the base of the heart and detaching the pericardial sac’s attachments to the great vessels. The whitish lumpy tissue on the outer surface of the heart is fat tissue. The ...
... 1. Carefully remove the pericardial sac to expose the entire heart. This can be accomplished by continuing your initial cut toward the base of the heart and detaching the pericardial sac’s attachments to the great vessels. The whitish lumpy tissue on the outer surface of the heart is fat tissue. The ...
Cardiac Muscle and Organ Mechanics
... work which increases with filling (Starling’s Law) • Ventricles behave like time-varying elastances • The slope of the end-systolic pressure volume relation is a load-independent measure of contractility or inotropic state. ...
... work which increases with filling (Starling’s Law) • Ventricles behave like time-varying elastances • The slope of the end-systolic pressure volume relation is a load-independent measure of contractility or inotropic state. ...
Changes in Chester Step test performance, predicted sub
... prospective study design. The third limitation is related to O2 pulse, which is normally measured through direct gas analysis during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In the present study O2 pulse was estimated from the predicted VO2 on each stage of the CST. Such predictions in VO2 using me ...
... prospective study design. The third limitation is related to O2 pulse, which is normally measured through direct gas analysis during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In the present study O2 pulse was estimated from the predicted VO2 on each stage of the CST. Such predictions in VO2 using me ...
Coronary revascularization strategies in patients with chronic heart
... (HEART) trial was to evaluate whether revascularization could improve the prognosis in CHF patients [24] . Patients with LVEF under 35% requiring chronic diuretic therapy, with evidence of at least five segments being affected by ischemia and/or hibernation were included. The study aimed to enroll 8 ...
... (HEART) trial was to evaluate whether revascularization could improve the prognosis in CHF patients [24] . Patients with LVEF under 35% requiring chronic diuretic therapy, with evidence of at least five segments being affected by ischemia and/or hibernation were included. The study aimed to enroll 8 ...
the clinical value of chest leads
... two ventricles, but by the position of the heart in the chest. This is not wholly determined by the nature of the cardiac lesion present. Thus it is possible to have right axis deviation in a case of preponderant enlargement of the left ventricle or left axis deviation associated with preponderant e ...
... two ventricles, but by the position of the heart in the chest. This is not wholly determined by the nature of the cardiac lesion present. Thus it is possible to have right axis deviation in a case of preponderant enlargement of the left ventricle or left axis deviation associated with preponderant e ...
Understanding Congenital Heart Defects
... The word “congenital” means existing at birth. The terms “congenital heart defect” and “congenital heart disease” are often used to mean the same thing, but “defect” is more accurate. The heart ailment is a defect or abnormality, not a disease. A defect results when the heart or blood vessels near t ...
... The word “congenital” means existing at birth. The terms “congenital heart defect” and “congenital heart disease” are often used to mean the same thing, but “defect” is more accurate. The heart ailment is a defect or abnormality, not a disease. A defect results when the heart or blood vessels near t ...
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis
... institutes, 99 patients were excluded because they did not meet the diagnostic criteria (n⫽7) or the inclusion criteria (n⫽92). Finally, 1429 patients were studied (online-only Data Supplement Figure 1). The clinical characteristics of those patients are summarized in Table 1. Among the coronary ris ...
... institutes, 99 patients were excluded because they did not meet the diagnostic criteria (n⫽7) or the inclusion criteria (n⫽92). Finally, 1429 patients were studied (online-only Data Supplement Figure 1). The clinical characteristics of those patients are summarized in Table 1. Among the coronary ris ...
Dimensional Changes of the Human Left Ventricle Prior
... In six patients without left ventricular disease there was a mean decrease in equatorial diameter of approximately 1 mm before aortic valve opening (P < 0.05), without significant change in the long axis, causing an apparent volume decrease of 4.0 ml or 2.8% of end-diastolic volume (EDV). In five pa ...
... In six patients without left ventricular disease there was a mean decrease in equatorial diameter of approximately 1 mm before aortic valve opening (P < 0.05), without significant change in the long axis, causing an apparent volume decrease of 4.0 ml or 2.8% of end-diastolic volume (EDV). In five pa ...
Predictors of Conversion of Recent‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation Treated
... reduced systolic function and atrial fibrosis evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, and they even suggest that persistent atrial fibrillation could generate ventricular fibrosis, leading to depressed contractility.11 This feedback between systolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation makes atrial ...
... reduced systolic function and atrial fibrosis evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, and they even suggest that persistent atrial fibrillation could generate ventricular fibrosis, leading to depressed contractility.11 This feedback between systolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation makes atrial ...
Slayt 1 - rasimenar.com
... • İn aditıon, have shown that symptoms and sıgn of congestıon were related to renal dysfunctıon, and both high CVP and sign and symptoms of congestıon are associated with poor outcome. • The effect of CVP in the setting of HF is most pronounced. İmportantly, high normal levels of CVP may actually im ...
... • İn aditıon, have shown that symptoms and sıgn of congestıon were related to renal dysfunctıon, and both high CVP and sign and symptoms of congestıon are associated with poor outcome. • The effect of CVP in the setting of HF is most pronounced. İmportantly, high normal levels of CVP may actually im ...
Nutritional intake and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure
... study was to determine the dietary adequacy of CHF patients compared with Dietary Reference Values, to compare the nutritional intake and status of CHF patients to a healthy comparison group, and finally to determine whether nutritional intake and status depended on New York Heart Association (NYHA) ...
... study was to determine the dietary adequacy of CHF patients compared with Dietary Reference Values, to compare the nutritional intake and status of CHF patients to a healthy comparison group, and finally to determine whether nutritional intake and status depended on New York Heart Association (NYHA) ...
Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Preserved
... performed, relevant differences in their severity—particular in the extent of hypertensive disease— cannot be excluded; and important risk factors such as pulmonary, renal, or peripheral arterial disease that have impact not only on outcome but also on the decision for surgery were not included. Thu ...
... performed, relevant differences in their severity—particular in the extent of hypertensive disease— cannot be excluded; and important risk factors such as pulmonary, renal, or peripheral arterial disease that have impact not only on outcome but also on the decision for surgery were not included. Thu ...
BNP & NTPro-BNP - Al
... ◦ 1. Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and the N-Terminal Part of the Propeptide of BNP Immunoassays in Chronic and Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review ◦ 2. NT-pro-BNP – A New Test for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Congestive Heart Failure ...
... ◦ 1. Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and the N-Terminal Part of the Propeptide of BNP Immunoassays in Chronic and Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review ◦ 2. NT-pro-BNP – A New Test for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Congestive Heart Failure ...
APPROACH TO CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN
... A double-outlet right ventricle simply means both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle, and the left ventricle outlet is through a large VSD. Patients may present with either heart failure or severe cyanosis. This condition is repaired with different types of surgery dependi ...
... A double-outlet right ventricle simply means both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle, and the left ventricle outlet is through a large VSD. Patients may present with either heart failure or severe cyanosis. This condition is repaired with different types of surgery dependi ...
One Leaflet or Two?
... Plus 1 TR with estimated right ventricular systolic pressure of 3035mmHg. ...
... Plus 1 TR with estimated right ventricular systolic pressure of 3035mmHg. ...
Cardiomyopathy Caused by Longterm Treatment with Chloroquine
... lism of the substance4. Thus, the cardiac process may be asymptomatic for a long period. Because of the small number of cases and the lack of systematic studies, it is impossible to calculate the incidence of CQ cardiotoxicity; however, a considerable number of undetected cases can be assumed. To d ...
... lism of the substance4. Thus, the cardiac process may be asymptomatic for a long period. Because of the small number of cases and the lack of systematic studies, it is impossible to calculate the incidence of CQ cardiotoxicity; however, a considerable number of undetected cases can be assumed. To d ...
Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
... arrhythmia; Congenital heart disease Case Presentation and ECG Description A 22 year old male presented to the emergency department with malaise, nausea and vomiting after consuming alcohol. A 12 lead ECG (Figure 1a) revealed a regular, wide complex tachycardia (QRS duration 144 ms), ventricular rat ...
... arrhythmia; Congenital heart disease Case Presentation and ECG Description A 22 year old male presented to the emergency department with malaise, nausea and vomiting after consuming alcohol. A 12 lead ECG (Figure 1a) revealed a regular, wide complex tachycardia (QRS duration 144 ms), ventricular rat ...
Cardiac Action Potential Prolongation Induced by Isolated
... Risk of Torsade de Pointes is strongly related to blockade of the cardiac IKr current in many drugs. Further analysis of experimentally measured drug effects were carried out using computational modeling of the rabbit ventricular action potential. The results of this investigation indicate that diff ...
... Risk of Torsade de Pointes is strongly related to blockade of the cardiac IKr current in many drugs. Further analysis of experimentally measured drug effects were carried out using computational modeling of the rabbit ventricular action potential. The results of this investigation indicate that diff ...
BNP & NTPro-BNP - Al
... ◦ 1. Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and the N-Terminal Part of the Propeptide of BNP Immunoassays in Chronic and Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review ◦ 2. NT-pro-BNP – A New Test for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Congestive Heart Failure ...
... ◦ 1. Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and the N-Terminal Part of the Propeptide of BNP Immunoassays in Chronic and Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review ◦ 2. NT-pro-BNP – A New Test for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Congestive Heart Failure ...
Shock
... Cardiac output normal or increased Ventricular filing pressure normal or low SVR low Diastolic pressure low Pulse pressure wide ...
... Cardiac output normal or increased Ventricular filing pressure normal or low SVR low Diastolic pressure low Pulse pressure wide ...
Cardiac contractility modulation
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Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.