i. basic principles of cardiac conduction
... 1. P waves are absent but small irregular deflections in the baseline (“f” or “fibrillation waves”) may be seen. They are most easily detected in the inferior leads (II, III, and aVF) and in V1–V3. The atrial rate is 400–700 beats per minute. 2. Because P waves are not visible, there is no PR inte ...
... 1. P waves are absent but small irregular deflections in the baseline (“f” or “fibrillation waves”) may be seen. They are most easily detected in the inferior leads (II, III, and aVF) and in V1–V3. The atrial rate is 400–700 beats per minute. 2. Because P waves are not visible, there is no PR inte ...
Level of Evidence
... Pages: I-120 and 121 Topic and Subheading: Pharmacology I: Agents for Arrhythmias/ Amiodarone (IV) (New Language Bolded) Add the following to the Section: If the arrest rhythm was for V.T. and NO antiarrhythmic treatment was given, consider use of Amiodarone followed by maintence infusion unless cou ...
... Pages: I-120 and 121 Topic and Subheading: Pharmacology I: Agents for Arrhythmias/ Amiodarone (IV) (New Language Bolded) Add the following to the Section: If the arrest rhythm was for V.T. and NO antiarrhythmic treatment was given, consider use of Amiodarone followed by maintence infusion unless cou ...
Physiology of the Right Ventricle
... a thin-walled flow generator. When pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is low and the peripheral requirements for flow minimal, RV pumping does not significantly contribute to the transit blood through the lungs and to the left heart. In 1943, Starr and his colleagues showed that ablation of the RV ...
... a thin-walled flow generator. When pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is low and the peripheral requirements for flow minimal, RV pumping does not significantly contribute to the transit blood through the lungs and to the left heart. In 1943, Starr and his colleagues showed that ablation of the RV ...
PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Evaluation and
... committee were tasked with performing a formal literature review and then weighing the strength of the evidence on various aspects of diagnosis and treatment of young patients with IVT. It is acknowledged that the published evidence for most of the recommendations made herein is limited, but the dep ...
... committee were tasked with performing a formal literature review and then weighing the strength of the evidence on various aspects of diagnosis and treatment of young patients with IVT. It is acknowledged that the published evidence for most of the recommendations made herein is limited, but the dep ...
Biventricular Pacing in Patients with Bradycardia and Normal
... better than right ventricular apical pacing in patients with atrioventricular block and normal systolic function.8 The underlying mechanism may be a reduction in left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony, as shown by advanced echocardiography.9 Furthermore, patients with preexisting left ventricular dy ...
... better than right ventricular apical pacing in patients with atrioventricular block and normal systolic function.8 The underlying mechanism may be a reduction in left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony, as shown by advanced echocardiography.9 Furthermore, patients with preexisting left ventricular dy ...
Relationship between Anemia and Diastolic Dysfunction of the Heart
... major differences, the clinical signs and symptoms of heart failure are present to a similar degree in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure. Thus, the clinical history and physical examination do not always provide information that allows a differentiation of systolic from diastolic he ...
... major differences, the clinical signs and symptoms of heart failure are present to a similar degree in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure. Thus, the clinical history and physical examination do not always provide information that allows a differentiation of systolic from diastolic he ...
Aortic Aneurysm Guide
... What does “watch and wait” mean if I have been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm? The goal in treating aneurysms is to reduce the risk of rupture, which increases with aneurysm size. If you have a small aneurysm, your doctor will check it every six to 12 months by CT or ultrasound to determine if i ...
... What does “watch and wait” mean if I have been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm? The goal in treating aneurysms is to reduce the risk of rupture, which increases with aneurysm size. If you have a small aneurysm, your doctor will check it every six to 12 months by CT or ultrasound to determine if i ...
Cardiac Pacing Site Optimization
... pacing and delivering leads to that location. The fact that RVA pacing causes LV dysfunction was recognized as early as 1925.18 During both sinus and atrial pacing, the Purkinje system contributes significantly to rapid electrical activation of the ventricles, whereas the impulse from ventricular pa ...
... pacing and delivering leads to that location. The fact that RVA pacing causes LV dysfunction was recognized as early as 1925.18 During both sinus and atrial pacing, the Purkinje system contributes significantly to rapid electrical activation of the ventricles, whereas the impulse from ventricular pa ...
Myocardial infarction
... skeletal muscle, but the MB fraction is much more specific for cardiac muscle: about 15 to 40% of CK in cardiac muscle is MB, while less than 2% in skeletal muscle is MB. The BB fraction (found in brain, bowel, and bladder) is not routinely measured. Thus, CK-MB is a very good marker for acute myoca ...
... skeletal muscle, but the MB fraction is much more specific for cardiac muscle: about 15 to 40% of CK in cardiac muscle is MB, while less than 2% in skeletal muscle is MB. The BB fraction (found in brain, bowel, and bladder) is not routinely measured. Thus, CK-MB is a very good marker for acute myoca ...
Full Text
... terminated. In our case, the interval between the first QRS complexes of VT and the last complex of AVNRT exceeded the interval presented between QRS complex during VT by 70 ms. This may support the former explanation. AVNRT also triggered VT shortly after its origin, so that ECG tracings at symptom ...
... terminated. In our case, the interval between the first QRS complexes of VT and the last complex of AVNRT exceeded the interval presented between QRS complex during VT by 70 ms. This may support the former explanation. AVNRT also triggered VT shortly after its origin, so that ECG tracings at symptom ...
Tamponade and Pericardial Diseases
... respiratory cycle demonstrating pressures of approximately –6 mm Hg at end inspiration and –3 mm Hg at end expiration (NB – as measured by a fluid filled, non-balloon tipped catheter). It is the lowering of intrathoracic and pericardial pressure during inspiration that permits increased filling of t ...
... respiratory cycle demonstrating pressures of approximately –6 mm Hg at end inspiration and –3 mm Hg at end expiration (NB – as measured by a fluid filled, non-balloon tipped catheter). It is the lowering of intrathoracic and pericardial pressure during inspiration that permits increased filling of t ...
a PDF of this article. - Journal of Invasive Cardiology
... interventricular sulcus, often together with the posterior descendent artery and also flows directly into the CS (Figure 2). Recently, after detailed angiographic studies, several groups have tried to describe the coronary venous anatomy;9 the number and location of the cardiac veins turned out to b ...
... interventricular sulcus, often together with the posterior descendent artery and also flows directly into the CS (Figure 2). Recently, after detailed angiographic studies, several groups have tried to describe the coronary venous anatomy;9 the number and location of the cardiac veins turned out to b ...
Learning Objectives - Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
... “The Surgeon Asks You…How bad is the LV function?” —Edwin Avery, John Fox At the conclusion of this PBLD, the participant should be able to 1. Describe systolic LV function using 2D ultrasound and tissue Doppler 2. Recognize the echocardiographic manifestations of regional LV systolic dysfunction 3. ...
... “The Surgeon Asks You…How bad is the LV function?” —Edwin Avery, John Fox At the conclusion of this PBLD, the participant should be able to 1. Describe systolic LV function using 2D ultrasound and tissue Doppler 2. Recognize the echocardiographic manifestations of regional LV systolic dysfunction 3. ...
Optimal ventricular rate slowing during atrial fibrillation - AJP
... ventricular (LV) pressure (LVP) measurements, another Millar catheter was inserted through the left carotid artery and advanced so that the tip was in the left ventricle. Before the insertion, both Millar catheters were soaked in warm saline for 30 min and precalibrated. After the chest was opened t ...
... ventricular (LV) pressure (LVP) measurements, another Millar catheter was inserted through the left carotid artery and advanced so that the tip was in the left ventricle. Before the insertion, both Millar catheters were soaked in warm saline for 30 min and precalibrated. After the chest was opened t ...
Left atrial strain in patients with arterial hypertension
... evidence for LA structural and functional disturbances in patients with HTN irrespective of the degree of underlying ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The two patients groups, we studied, showed all consequences of increased LV afterload in the form of global and segmental hypertrophy, increased ma ...
... evidence for LA structural and functional disturbances in patients with HTN irrespective of the degree of underlying ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The two patients groups, we studied, showed all consequences of increased LV afterload in the form of global and segmental hypertrophy, increased ma ...
Regional Oxygen Saturation of Small Arteries and Veins in the
... studied was obtained. The method has been found to have an accuracy of better than 3% in blood vessels of a quick-frozen dog gracilis muscle. Details of the accuracy, precision, and limitations of the method have been previously published.12'13 Inner diameters of each blood vessel, in which O2 satur ...
... studied was obtained. The method has been found to have an accuracy of better than 3% in blood vessels of a quick-frozen dog gracilis muscle. Details of the accuracy, precision, and limitations of the method have been previously published.12'13 Inner diameters of each blood vessel, in which O2 satur ...
An Adult Patient with Fontan Physiology: A TEE Perspective
... while the output of the underloaded small LV reaches the aorta via the nonrestrictive VSD. Factors able to limit the systemic cardiac output include low preload, poor diastolic relaxation, usually associated with ventricular hypertrophy, and a high afterload. Sinus rhythm and low pulmonary vascular ...
... while the output of the underloaded small LV reaches the aorta via the nonrestrictive VSD. Factors able to limit the systemic cardiac output include low preload, poor diastolic relaxation, usually associated with ventricular hypertrophy, and a high afterload. Sinus rhythm and low pulmonary vascular ...
Effect of Rate on Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction
... SUMMARY Resting left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated in 22 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. LVejection fraction and volume indexes were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at ventricular pacing rates of 50-100 beats/min. In patients with a normal heart size, increases ...
... SUMMARY Resting left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated in 22 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. LVejection fraction and volume indexes were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at ventricular pacing rates of 50-100 beats/min. In patients with a normal heart size, increases ...
EP Publications: 2008-2013 (papers/abstracts/posters)
... Haines DE, Stewart MT, Barka ND, Kirchhof N, Lentz LR, Reinking NM, Urban JF, Halimi F, Deneke T, Kanal E. Microembolism and catheter ablation II: effects of cerebral microemboli injection in a canine model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6:23-30. Wright MJ, Haines DE, Deladi S, Mihajlovic N, Ha ...
... Haines DE, Stewart MT, Barka ND, Kirchhof N, Lentz LR, Reinking NM, Urban JF, Halimi F, Deneke T, Kanal E. Microembolism and catheter ablation II: effects of cerebral microemboli injection in a canine model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6:23-30. Wright MJ, Haines DE, Deladi S, Mihajlovic N, Ha ...
CRT - Venice Arrhythmias
... ? Among!pacemakerGdependent!pa>ents!with!no!prior!ventricular! arrhythmias!upgraded!from!a!pacemaker!to!a!CRTGdefibrillator,!pa>ents! without!significant!CAD!have!fewer!comorbidi>es,!longer!survival,!and! low!risk!of!appropriate!shocks!than!do!pa>ents!with!CAD.!! ? CRTGpacemakers!may!be!appropriate! ...
... ? Among!pacemakerGdependent!pa>ents!with!no!prior!ventricular! arrhythmias!upgraded!from!a!pacemaker!to!a!CRTGdefibrillator,!pa>ents! without!significant!CAD!have!fewer!comorbidi>es,!longer!survival,!and! low!risk!of!appropriate!shocks!than!do!pa>ents!with!CAD.!! ? CRTGpacemakers!may!be!appropriate! ...
Mitral Annulus Calcification
... Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a chronic, degenerative process in the fibrous base of the mitral valve. Although MAC was initially thought to be an age-related degenerative process, there is accumulating evidence that other mechanisms, such as atherosclerosis and abnormal calcium-phosphorus met ...
... Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a chronic, degenerative process in the fibrous base of the mitral valve. Although MAC was initially thought to be an age-related degenerative process, there is accumulating evidence that other mechanisms, such as atherosclerosis and abnormal calcium-phosphorus met ...
Remodeling in myocardium adjacent to an infarction in - AJP
... myofiber direction). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the hypotheses that changes in the adjacent tissue are related not only to known myocyte elongation but also to myofiber rearrangement and changes in the extracellular matrix in the adjacent tissue. We tested these hypot ...
... myofiber direction). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the hypotheses that changes in the adjacent tissue are related not only to known myocyte elongation but also to myofiber rearrangement and changes in the extracellular matrix in the adjacent tissue. We tested these hypot ...
PDF - Circulation
... be predictors of expansion by univariate analysis. However, after adjusting for differences by multivariate analysis, only initial aortic size was predictive. Using logistic regression, Palmieri15 reported male gender, fibrocalcific changes in the aortic valve, and left ventricular wall motion abnor ...
... be predictors of expansion by univariate analysis. However, after adjusting for differences by multivariate analysis, only initial aortic size was predictive. Using logistic regression, Palmieri15 reported male gender, fibrocalcific changes in the aortic valve, and left ventricular wall motion abnor ...
Heart valve repair and replacement
... ● Bileaflet valves, in which two semicircular disc occluders open and close on hinges – these are now the most commonly used prosthetic valves. The advantage of mechanical valves is their long-term durability (although some earlier valves were prone to catastrophic failure). The main disadvantage ...
... ● Bileaflet valves, in which two semicircular disc occluders open and close on hinges – these are now the most commonly used prosthetic valves. The advantage of mechanical valves is their long-term durability (although some earlier valves were prone to catastrophic failure). The main disadvantage ...
Myocardial metabolism in experimental infarction and heart failure
... mortality in heart failure and accounts for approximately 50% of all deaths from cardiovascular causes18, 19. Given that about 200 000 individuals in Sweden are afflicted with systolic heart failure (HF), that about 3000 new cases are diagnosed yearly2, and that life expectancy is lengthening, the o ...
... mortality in heart failure and accounts for approximately 50% of all deaths from cardiovascular causes18, 19. Given that about 200 000 individuals in Sweden are afflicted with systolic heart failure (HF), that about 3000 new cases are diagnosed yearly2, and that life expectancy is lengthening, the o ...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause, creating functional impairment of the cardiac muscle. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.The occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of sudden unexpected cardiac death in any age group and as a cause of disabling cardiac symptoms. Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.HCM is frequently asymptomatic until sudden cardiac death, and for this reason some suggest routinely screening certain populations for this disease.A cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the muscle of the heart. With HCM, the myocytes (cardiac contractile cells) in the heart increase in size, which results in the thickening of the heart muscle. In addition, the normal alignment of muscle cells is disrupted, a phenomenon known as myocardial disarray. HCM also causes disruptions of the electrical functions of the heart. HCM is most commonly due to a mutation in one of nine sarcomeric genes that results in a mutated protein in the sarcomere, the primary component of the myocyte (the muscle cell of the heart). These are predominantly single-point missense mutations in the genes for beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC), myosin-binding protein C, cardiac troponinT, or tropomyosin. These mutations cause myofibril and myocyte structural abnormalities and possible deficiencies in force generation. Not to be confused with dilated cardiomyopathy or any other cardiomyopathy.While most literature so far focuses on European, American, and Japanese populations, HCM appears in all ethnic groups. The prevalence of HCM is about 0.2% to 0.5% of the general population.