Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 22]. The main source of extra-thyroidal T3 is type 2 deiodinase (D2) that converts T4 to T ...
... present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 22]. The main source of extra-thyroidal T3 is type 2 deiodinase (D2) that converts T4 to T ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
1 - Test Bank
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from
... actions of nicotine within the VTA might be mediated by glutamatergic transmission. Anatomically, the VTA receives substantial glutamatergic inputs from cortical and subcortical structures25. These excitatory inputs synapse on DA and GABA neurons25,30 (FIG. 2), and can therefore modulate the activit ...
... actions of nicotine within the VTA might be mediated by glutamatergic transmission. Anatomically, the VTA receives substantial glutamatergic inputs from cortical and subcortical structures25. These excitatory inputs synapse on DA and GABA neurons25,30 (FIG. 2), and can therefore modulate the activit ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... same odorant receptor sort out and converge in the FCM, we crossed mice homozygous for the P2-IRES-tau:LacZ allele (Mombaerts et al., 1996) and heterozygous for the extratoes mutation. In P2-IRES-tau:LacZ mice, all olfactory neurons expressing the P2 odorant receptor gene express a fusion protein be ...
... same odorant receptor sort out and converge in the FCM, we crossed mice homozygous for the P2-IRES-tau:LacZ allele (Mombaerts et al., 1996) and heterozygous for the extratoes mutation. In P2-IRES-tau:LacZ mice, all olfactory neurons expressing the P2 odorant receptor gene express a fusion protein be ...
to the Proceedings
... synapses, and mCherry-PSD-95 to label excitatory synapses. We simultaneously tracked the daily dynamics of both synapse types using spectrally resolved two-photon microscopy. We found that aside from the lower magnitude of excitatory synaptic changes in the adult, as compared to inhibitory ones, exc ...
... synapses, and mCherry-PSD-95 to label excitatory synapses. We simultaneously tracked the daily dynamics of both synapse types using spectrally resolved two-photon microscopy. We found that aside from the lower magnitude of excitatory synaptic changes in the adult, as compared to inhibitory ones, exc ...
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and
... The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug of abuse which is considered to be potentially toxic to serotonergic nerve terminals of rodents and non-human primates (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based ...
... The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug of abuse which is considered to be potentially toxic to serotonergic nerve terminals of rodents and non-human primates (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Nattie, 2012; Prabhakar, 2013; Guyenet, 2014). The central respiratory chemoreflex refers to the breathing stimulation elicited by increases in brain P CO2 . The peripheral chemoreflex is the stimulation of breathing elicited by activation of the carotid and aortic bodies, which respond to hypoxia i ...
... Nattie, 2012; Prabhakar, 2013; Guyenet, 2014). The central respiratory chemoreflex refers to the breathing stimulation elicited by increases in brain P CO2 . The peripheral chemoreflex is the stimulation of breathing elicited by activation of the carotid and aortic bodies, which respond to hypoxia i ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... peptide (GALP), a novel 60 amino-acid peptide with a nonamidated C-terminus, was first discovered in porcine hypothalamus. GALP is mainly produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy metabolism, with GALP-containing neurons forming net ...
... peptide (GALP), a novel 60 amino-acid peptide with a nonamidated C-terminus, was first discovered in porcine hypothalamus. GALP is mainly produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy metabolism, with GALP-containing neurons forming net ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... kept the same as the normal state). These updates reflect changes in strengths and numbers of connections as well as lessening of STD of GPe–STN connections resulting from the lower GPe firing rates seen experimentally with dopamine depletion (Stanford and Cooper, 1999; Ogura and Kita, 2000; Cragg e ...
... kept the same as the normal state). These updates reflect changes in strengths and numbers of connections as well as lessening of STD of GPe–STN connections resulting from the lower GPe firing rates seen experimentally with dopamine depletion (Stanford and Cooper, 1999; Ogura and Kita, 2000; Cragg e ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... present experiments took advantage of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF), which has the capacity to rapidly measure analytes from small sample volumes. With the use of in vivo microdialysis coupled on-line to CE-LIF, the present study measured concentrations ...
... present experiments took advantage of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF), which has the capacity to rapidly measure analytes from small sample volumes. With the use of in vivo microdialysis coupled on-line to CE-LIF, the present study measured concentrations ...
2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Site Map Any use is subject to
... novella_1389801 A) receptor - sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - motor neuron - effector ...
... novella_1389801 A) receptor - sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - motor neuron - effector ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and p$ostural symptoms that follow UVD, associated with a recovery of resting activity in the ipsilateral v ...
... that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and p$ostural symptoms that follow UVD, associated with a recovery of resting activity in the ipsilateral v ...
PDF
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... in the major psychoses. This hypothesis was based primarily on the finding that the actions of 5-HT in the periphery were antagonized by the powerful hallucinogenic (or psychotomimetic) drug d-lysergide (d-LSD) ( an extensive review of the relationship between the action of hallucinogenic drugs and ...
... in the major psychoses. This hypothesis was based primarily on the finding that the actions of 5-HT in the periphery were antagonized by the powerful hallucinogenic (or psychotomimetic) drug d-lysergide (d-LSD) ( an extensive review of the relationship between the action of hallucinogenic drugs and ...
Genetic analysis of the Complexin trans-clamping model Please share
... expressed mCpx mutants with three glycine residues between the central helix and the accessory helix (HB) to perturb the continuous α-helical structure. In addition, we sought to express Cpx separately as a split transgenic protein, thereby directly preventing cross-linking of two SNARE complexes. O ...
... expressed mCpx mutants with three glycine residues between the central helix and the accessory helix (HB) to perturb the continuous α-helical structure. In addition, we sought to express Cpx separately as a split transgenic protein, thereby directly preventing cross-linking of two SNARE complexes. O ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
Preview Sample 3
... 24. Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed: a. recycling b. reabsorption ...
... 24. Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed: a. recycling b. reabsorption ...
1 - TEST BANK 360
... 24. Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed: a. recycling b. reabsorption c. reuptake d. reuse Answer: c Page: 56 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcomes 1.2, ...
... 24. Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed: a. recycling b. reabsorption c. reuptake d. reuse Answer: c Page: 56 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcomes 1.2, ...
[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney
... major classes of GABA receptors, the GABAA and GABAB receptors. The GABAA receptors are heterooligomeric receptors that gate chloride channels. These were found to be inhibited by the alkaloid bicuculline (Johnston, 1986). The GABAB receptors are transmembrane receptors coupled to second messenger s ...
... major classes of GABA receptors, the GABAA and GABAB receptors. The GABAA receptors are heterooligomeric receptors that gate chloride channels. These were found to be inhibited by the alkaloid bicuculline (Johnston, 1986). The GABAB receptors are transmembrane receptors coupled to second messenger s ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurately. In this system, odorant information is first received by olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory bulbar neural circuits then process this inf ...
... plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurately. In this system, odorant information is first received by olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory bulbar neural circuits then process this inf ...