Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... The neural pathways by which information about the acoustic world reaches the auditory cortex are well characterized, but how auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate ...
... The neural pathways by which information about the acoustic world reaches the auditory cortex are well characterized, but how auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... correlation peaks indicative of synaptic connectivity (T. Brochier, personal communication). There are two possible reasons for this negative result: first, it is likely that both samples were heavily biased towards large pyramidal neurons in lamina V, whereas many of the neurons giving rise to cort ...
... correlation peaks indicative of synaptic connectivity (T. Brochier, personal communication). There are two possible reasons for this negative result: first, it is likely that both samples were heavily biased towards large pyramidal neurons in lamina V, whereas many of the neurons giving rise to cort ...
- Brain Stimulation
... most cases, supported the hypothesis of an antidepressant effect of these rTMS protocols in TRD. The use 2e6 weeks of HF rTMS applied over the left DLPFC [5,6] was approved in October 2008 by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment of an MDD resistant to at least one antidepressant medicatio ...
... most cases, supported the hypothesis of an antidepressant effect of these rTMS protocols in TRD. The use 2e6 weeks of HF rTMS applied over the left DLPFC [5,6] was approved in October 2008 by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment of an MDD resistant to at least one antidepressant medicatio ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... These physiological links were tested functionally by LeDoux et al. (1988). In this experiment, rats were lesioned either in the central grey (CG), lateral hypothalamus (LH), or the stria terminalis, then classically conditioned to associate a tone with a shock. The researchers found that, while all ...
... These physiological links were tested functionally by LeDoux et al. (1988). In this experiment, rats were lesioned either in the central grey (CG), lateral hypothalamus (LH), or the stria terminalis, then classically conditioned to associate a tone with a shock. The researchers found that, while all ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 neurons were classified as sucrosebest, 32 as NaCl-best, and 1 ...
... sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 neurons were classified as sucrosebest, 32 as NaCl-best, and 1 ...
Multiarray silicon probes with integrated optical fibers
... stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (Chr2 has recently been reported to be a rapid activator of neuronal firing with potential cell-type selectivity (Nagel et al., 2003; Boyden et al., 2005; Li et al., 2005; Ishizuka et al., 2006; Han & Boyden, 20 ...
... stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (Chr2 has recently been reported to be a rapid activator of neuronal firing with potential cell-type selectivity (Nagel et al., 2003; Boyden et al., 2005; Li et al., 2005; Ishizuka et al., 2006; Han & Boyden, 20 ...
Applications of TMS to Therapy in Psychiatry
... patient was receiving a cutting-edge technology in which both parties placed a good deal of faith. The administration of TMS involves intense and frequent contact between doctor and patient of a sort that is not typical in conventional office-based psychiatric practice. To control for these ancillar ...
... patient was receiving a cutting-edge technology in which both parties placed a good deal of faith. The administration of TMS involves intense and frequent contact between doctor and patient of a sort that is not typical in conventional office-based psychiatric practice. To control for these ancillar ...
pdf
... correlation between the functional imaging data and the clinical picture. When the patient is craving for alcohol, her brain is characterized by beta activity in the ACC and PCC in comparison to non-addicted brains, and these areas are phase synchronized (lagged), meaning co-activated. Normally thes ...
... correlation between the functional imaging data and the clinical picture. When the patient is craving for alcohol, her brain is characterized by beta activity in the ACC and PCC in comparison to non-addicted brains, and these areas are phase synchronized (lagged), meaning co-activated. Normally thes ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the
... n 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that electrical currents can be converted into magnetic fields and vice versa. His principle of mutual induction is the basis of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In TMS, a bank of capacitors is rapidly discharged into an electric coil to produce a magnetic ...
... n 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that electrical currents can be converted into magnetic fields and vice versa. His principle of mutual induction is the basis of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In TMS, a bank of capacitors is rapidly discharged into an electric coil to produce a magnetic ...
the clinical role of evoked potentials
... delay or even an absence of the SSEPs. Such findings are said to be present in about 80% of patients with multiple sclerosis who do not have sensory symptoms or signs.7 There is an increase in the diagnostic yield in those patients with sensory involvement, particularly from the SSEPs following stim ...
... delay or even an absence of the SSEPs. Such findings are said to be present in about 80% of patients with multiple sclerosis who do not have sensory symptoms or signs.7 There is an increase in the diagnostic yield in those patients with sensory involvement, particularly from the SSEPs following stim ...
Experiment HN-6: Hoffman Reflex using the Soleus Muscle
... the location of the tendon strike needs to be exactly the same from trial to trial, as does the force of the strike. By delivering a steadily increasing level of current to the subject through electrodes that are fixed in a single location, we can observe reflex amplitude rise from trial to trial as ...
... the location of the tendon strike needs to be exactly the same from trial to trial, as does the force of the strike. By delivering a steadily increasing level of current to the subject through electrodes that are fixed in a single location, we can observe reflex amplitude rise from trial to trial as ...
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from
... Antidromic responses to stimulation of the dorsolateral f rontal corte x . Because V Ml afferents terminate as a dense compact band especially in layer I of the rostralmost part of the dorsolateral frontal cortex (Desbois and Villanueva, 1998), stimulation in this area (negative square wave pulses o ...
... Antidromic responses to stimulation of the dorsolateral f rontal corte x . Because V Ml afferents terminate as a dense compact band especially in layer I of the rostralmost part of the dorsolateral frontal cortex (Desbois and Villanueva, 1998), stimulation in this area (negative square wave pulses o ...
Introduction to Surgical Therapies
... During the initial stages of PD, medications effectively control PD symptoms in the vast majority of patients. However, with progression of the disease, individuals may need to use increasing doses of medication taken more frequently to achieve symptom control. With time, people with PD may notice t ...
... During the initial stages of PD, medications effectively control PD symptoms in the vast majority of patients. However, with progression of the disease, individuals may need to use increasing doses of medication taken more frequently to achieve symptom control. With time, people with PD may notice t ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... vertebrates that commits the animal to one or another mode of behavior. In 1973 the reticular formation region called the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR) responsible for releasing locomotion actions in the cat was found by Grillner and Shik of the U.S.S.R. It is located just below the auditory ...
... vertebrates that commits the animal to one or another mode of behavior. In 1973 the reticular formation region called the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR) responsible for releasing locomotion actions in the cat was found by Grillner and Shik of the U.S.S.R. It is located just below the auditory ...
Neurophysiologic markers in laryngeal muscles indicate functional
... and their unification (Sahin et al., 2009), as well as sending coded ‘‘commands’’ to M1. After electrical stimulation of Broca’s area, postsynaptic potentials of high amplitudes are recorded in the lateral part of the M1 (Greenlee et al., 2004). These results indirectly indicate a functional connecti ...
... and their unification (Sahin et al., 2009), as well as sending coded ‘‘commands’’ to M1. After electrical stimulation of Broca’s area, postsynaptic potentials of high amplitudes are recorded in the lateral part of the M1 (Greenlee et al., 2004). These results indirectly indicate a functional connecti ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... electrical stimuli were presented once every 2 s to the ISLN. Two groups of five cats each were studied; an experimental group with unilateral ISLN stimulation at 0.5 Hz and a surgical control group. Three additional cats were studied to evaluate whether other oral, pharyngeal, or respiratory muscle ...
... electrical stimuli were presented once every 2 s to the ISLN. Two groups of five cats each were studied; an experimental group with unilateral ISLN stimulation at 0.5 Hz and a surgical control group. Three additional cats were studied to evaluate whether other oral, pharyngeal, or respiratory muscle ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... active, they are subject to fastigial suppression leading to motility increases. If, however, no such spinal sympathetic reflex activity is going on, the same fastigial stimulation may now depress motility by enhancing the inhibitory adrenergic discharge. Hence, when the cerebellar influence on auto ...
... active, they are subject to fastigial suppression leading to motility increases. If, however, no such spinal sympathetic reflex activity is going on, the same fastigial stimulation may now depress motility by enhancing the inhibitory adrenergic discharge. Hence, when the cerebellar influence on auto ...
PHS 398 (Rev. 9/04), Biographical Sketch Format Page
... cord that is still intact above the site of injury in the spinal cord and use the population activity of the axons in the motor tracts rather than single spikes. Spinal cord approach has at least two important advantages. First, the recorded neural signals are expected to be strongly coupled to the ...
... cord that is still intact above the site of injury in the spinal cord and use the population activity of the axons in the motor tracts rather than single spikes. Spinal cord approach has at least two important advantages. First, the recorded neural signals are expected to be strongly coupled to the ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... were delivered 600 ms after the onset of each video clip (see also Figure 1). Thus, the rTMS train lasted from 200 ms before the video offset to 200 ms afterwards. At the end of each video presentation, a prompt frame appeared asking the participants to press with their right index or middle finger ...
... were delivered 600 ms after the onset of each video clip (see also Figure 1). Thus, the rTMS train lasted from 200 ms before the video offset to 200 ms afterwards. At the end of each video presentation, a prompt frame appeared asking the participants to press with their right index or middle finger ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... Multisensory integration (MI) is the process by which information from multiple sensory modalities converge on single neurons. This process allows an organism to make better use of the large amount of sensory information it receives. When a rat orients toward a crossmodal light and sound stimulus, n ...
... Multisensory integration (MI) is the process by which information from multiple sensory modalities converge on single neurons. This process allows an organism to make better use of the large amount of sensory information it receives. When a rat orients toward a crossmodal light and sound stimulus, n ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action potentials propagating toward the PPTg and LDTg cell bodies. Antidromic action potentials along the ‘trunk’ ...
... ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action potentials propagating toward the PPTg and LDTg cell bodies. Antidromic action potentials along the ‘trunk’ ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...