Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... E: relattons between the discharge frequency and the intensity of current pulses obtained from the lnterspike interval of first two spikes (1/tl) and last two spikes (l/t2) m the cell of D. ...
... E: relattons between the discharge frequency and the intensity of current pulses obtained from the lnterspike interval of first two spikes (1/tl) and last two spikes (l/t2) m the cell of D. ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... estimate that LBM is two orders of magnitude faster than electrodebased techniques. We anticipate that such an approach will be useful for determining changes in motor map structure before and after stroke or spinal cord injury18–20. ...
... estimate that LBM is two orders of magnitude faster than electrodebased techniques. We anticipate that such an approach will be useful for determining changes in motor map structure before and after stroke or spinal cord injury18–20. ...
Sensory nerve conduction studies
... The needle is advanced until the tip of the electrode can be felt just under the skin on the plantar side of the toe. The anode is placed distal to the cathode on the same side of the toe. Stimulus intensity: Optimal stimulus intensity is 3-4 mA (duration 0.2 ms). With high stimulus intensities, > 6 ...
... The needle is advanced until the tip of the electrode can be felt just under the skin on the plantar side of the toe. The anode is placed distal to the cathode on the same side of the toe. Stimulus intensity: Optimal stimulus intensity is 3-4 mA (duration 0.2 ms). With high stimulus intensities, > 6 ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... of K+. As a result of this hyperpolarization,the afferent Neuron's " firing rate " and neurotransmitter release are attenuated or wiped out so that The pain signal transmission is terminated [ 53,54 ]. ...
... of K+. As a result of this hyperpolarization,the afferent Neuron's " firing rate " and neurotransmitter release are attenuated or wiped out so that The pain signal transmission is terminated [ 53,54 ]. ...
Neurophysiological evidence of spared upper motor neurons after
... stimulating neuronal tissue in motor cortex, spinal roots and peripheral nerves. Responses can be recorded with electromyographic or evoked potential equipment.4,11,12,25,26 The combination of MEPs with SSEPs studies would provide a comprehensive technique for the noninvasive investigation of spinal ...
... stimulating neuronal tissue in motor cortex, spinal roots and peripheral nerves. Responses can be recorded with electromyographic or evoked potential equipment.4,11,12,25,26 The combination of MEPs with SSEPs studies would provide a comprehensive technique for the noninvasive investigation of spinal ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... V1. Indeed, our evaluation of the topographic organization of the BSR was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, w ...
... V1. Indeed, our evaluation of the topographic organization of the BSR was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, w ...
An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric
... (depolarizing) specific neurons within a region, it is possible to assess the processes that contribute to a specific behavior. Similarly, silencing (hyperpolarizing) specific neurons within a region can provide information about their roles in both network functions and behavior. This goal cannot b ...
... (depolarizing) specific neurons within a region, it is possible to assess the processes that contribute to a specific behavior. Similarly, silencing (hyperpolarizing) specific neurons within a region can provide information about their roles in both network functions and behavior. This goal cannot b ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... amplitudes6,11,13, the size of receptive fields14–17, and noise correlations between pairs of neurons18,19. As cortical neurons are highly heterogeneous across cortical layers20,21, the effects of cortical states are also heterogeneous depending on cell classes: with respect to spontaneous activity, ...
... amplitudes6,11,13, the size of receptive fields14–17, and noise correlations between pairs of neurons18,19. As cortical neurons are highly heterogeneous across cortical layers20,21, the effects of cortical states are also heterogeneous depending on cell classes: with respect to spontaneous activity, ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... monkey N and 26 in monkey B; data from 42 of these was analyzed in McCoy and Platt [2005]). Figure 2A shows the response of a single neuron on trials in which the monkey chose the risky option and received a large reward (dark gray line) or the small reward (black line). Responses are aligned to rew ...
... monkey N and 26 in monkey B; data from 42 of these was analyzed in McCoy and Platt [2005]). Figure 2A shows the response of a single neuron on trials in which the monkey chose the risky option and received a large reward (dark gray line) or the small reward (black line). Responses are aligned to rew ...
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right
... (carbamazepine, lithium, valproic acid) (9–11), and benzodiazepines (alprazolam) (12). The Food and Drug Administration has to date approved the use of sertraline and paroxetine (which are SSRIs) for the indication of PTSD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique for direc ...
... (carbamazepine, lithium, valproic acid) (9–11), and benzodiazepines (alprazolam) (12). The Food and Drug Administration has to date approved the use of sertraline and paroxetine (which are SSRIs) for the indication of PTSD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique for direc ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including ...
... pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... These changes in tuning were most likely due to physiological changes in the neuronal firing patterns as a result of adaptation to the decoder. As the patient learns to operate the BCI, functional reorganization occurs in multiple brain areas, resulting from closed-loop feedback and adaptation to pe ...
... These changes in tuning were most likely due to physiological changes in the neuronal firing patterns as a result of adaptation to the decoder. As the patient learns to operate the BCI, functional reorganization occurs in multiple brain areas, resulting from closed-loop feedback and adaptation to pe ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that mediate the characteristic motor responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to s ...
... are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that mediate the characteristic motor responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to s ...
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... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... of tactile inputs on thalamic responses to noxious colorectal distension in rat. J Neurophysiol 88: 1185–1196, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00977.2001. Recent discoveries of visceral nociceptive inputs sharing the classical tactile pathway in the dorsal-column medial lemniscus system have opened a new venue for ...
... of tactile inputs on thalamic responses to noxious colorectal distension in rat. J Neurophysiol 88: 1185–1196, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00977.2001. Recent discoveries of visceral nociceptive inputs sharing the classical tactile pathway in the dorsal-column medial lemniscus system have opened a new venue for ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... Vascular smooth muscle cell calcium imaging. SON slices were incubated with the calcium indicator Fluo-4AM (Invitrogen, F-14201, 40 !M) and 2.5 !l 20% pluronic acid (Invitrogen, P3000MP) in a 95% O2/5% CO2 oxygenated chamber for 100 min, after which slices were moved to equilibrated aCSF chambers an ...
... Vascular smooth muscle cell calcium imaging. SON slices were incubated with the calcium indicator Fluo-4AM (Invitrogen, F-14201, 40 !M) and 2.5 !l 20% pluronic acid (Invitrogen, P3000MP) in a 95% O2/5% CO2 oxygenated chamber for 100 min, after which slices were moved to equilibrated aCSF chambers an ...
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... mice with cortical excitatory cells that expressed the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. In brief, Emx1-IRES-Cre mice (Gorski et al., 2002, JAX stock # 005628) were crossed with Ai38 mice (Zariwala et al., 2012, JAX stock # 014538) to produce F1 hybrids. This transgenic mouse was used to obser ...
... mice with cortical excitatory cells that expressed the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. In brief, Emx1-IRES-Cre mice (Gorski et al., 2002, JAX stock # 005628) were crossed with Ai38 mice (Zariwala et al., 2012, JAX stock # 014538) to produce F1 hybrids. This transgenic mouse was used to obser ...