Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... embedded within this background of random firing. The calyx of Held synapse has been characterized in vitro as a fast relay that reliably fires at high stimulus frequencies (up to 800 Hz). However, inherently due to the preparation method, spontaneous activity is absent in studies using brain slices ...
... embedded within this background of random firing. The calyx of Held synapse has been characterized in vitro as a fast relay that reliably fires at high stimulus frequencies (up to 800 Hz). However, inherently due to the preparation method, spontaneous activity is absent in studies using brain slices ...
Author`s personal copy - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives
... segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). The anatomo-physiological organization of the BG and their output suggested that interfering with such hyper-activity could restore motor function and improve parkinsonism. Several animal models in rodents and primates, as well as clinical studies and neurosurgi ...
... segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). The anatomo-physiological organization of the BG and their output suggested that interfering with such hyper-activity could restore motor function and improve parkinsonism. Several animal models in rodents and primates, as well as clinical studies and neurosurgi ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... angled parahorizontal brain sections used in these experiments contained both kisspeptin- and GnRH-immunoreactive cells (Fig. 1 D). The kisspeptin labeling also confirmed that our placement of the bipolar stimulating electrode in brain tissue immediately adjacent to the rostral-most pole of the thir ...
... angled parahorizontal brain sections used in these experiments contained both kisspeptin- and GnRH-immunoreactive cells (Fig. 1 D). The kisspeptin labeling also confirmed that our placement of the bipolar stimulating electrode in brain tissue immediately adjacent to the rostral-most pole of the thir ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... before them. Cells not related to saccades (n = 68) responded to fovea1 visual stimuli, auditory stimuli, or in association with smooth pursuit eye movements or particular directions of gaze. Also included in this group were 79 neurons we could not drive. For the third group (n = 82) the presence of ...
... before them. Cells not related to saccades (n = 68) responded to fovea1 visual stimuli, auditory stimuli, or in association with smooth pursuit eye movements or particular directions of gaze. Also included in this group were 79 neurons we could not drive. For the third group (n = 82) the presence of ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... collected at 1 kHz. Spike potentials of single neurons were isolated online using a custom voltage-time window discrimination software (MEX, LSR/NEI/NIH). Identification of CD-SNr and SNr-SC connections. To test if an SNr neuron receives the direct input from CD, we electrically stimulated CD(T) and ...
... collected at 1 kHz. Spike potentials of single neurons were isolated online using a custom voltage-time window discrimination software (MEX, LSR/NEI/NIH). Identification of CD-SNr and SNr-SC connections. To test if an SNr neuron receives the direct input from CD, we electrically stimulated CD(T) and ...
THE ELECTRODE-TISSUE INTERFACE DURING RECORDING
... Thanks to all of the wonderful friends and people I have met over the years. A couple of people in particular have helped me tremendously. D. Mike thanks for knowing everything and for being willing to share your knowledge with me. L. thanks for being such an amazing friend and for helping me throug ...
... Thanks to all of the wonderful friends and people I have met over the years. A couple of people in particular have helped me tremendously. D. Mike thanks for knowing everything and for being willing to share your knowledge with me. L. thanks for being such an amazing friend and for helping me throug ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... a noteworthy difference between mammals and fish (Korn and Bennett 1972). Gap junctions were postulated to be largely localized on soma and proximal dendrites to facilitate initiation of dendritic spikes thereby synchronizing motoneuron discharge [e.g., during fast phases of nystagmus (Korn and Benn ...
... a noteworthy difference between mammals and fish (Korn and Bennett 1972). Gap junctions were postulated to be largely localized on soma and proximal dendrites to facilitate initiation of dendritic spikes thereby synchronizing motoneuron discharge [e.g., during fast phases of nystagmus (Korn and Benn ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... the response of interneurons during evoked DRPs or tonic DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines ...
... the response of interneurons during evoked DRPs or tonic DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve State-of-the-Art Update
... The patients who used TENS for postoperative pain control required 30 times less pain medication than did those in the control group. Improved pulmonary function, appetite, and ambulation indicated an earlier recovery for those patients who used TENS than for those patients who did not. Because the ...
... The patients who used TENS for postoperative pain control required 30 times less pain medication than did those in the control group. Improved pulmonary function, appetite, and ambulation indicated an earlier recovery for those patients who used TENS than for those patients who did not. Because the ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... controlled by Neurolucida software (MicroBrightField Inc.). A calibrated tracing of each section outline with the border between gray and white matter, the position of the injection site, labeled neurons and axon terminals was produced. Injection sites were defined as the large aggregate of densely ...
... controlled by Neurolucida software (MicroBrightField Inc.). A calibrated tracing of each section outline with the border between gray and white matter, the position of the injection site, labeled neurons and axon terminals was produced. Injection sites were defined as the large aggregate of densely ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... In 4 experiments, arrays of electrodes were used to maximize lesion size within a given population and the speed at which extensive lesions could be made. These electrode arrays were made by epoxying four insulated tungsten microelectrodes together in a row so that the tips were 1.0 mm apart. In mos ...
... In 4 experiments, arrays of electrodes were used to maximize lesion size within a given population and the speed at which extensive lesions could be made. These electrode arrays were made by epoxying four insulated tungsten microelectrodes together in a row so that the tips were 1.0 mm apart. In mos ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... 0.05– 0.2 msec pulses of 0.1– 0.5 mA), and the type of response (orthodromic vs antidromic) was determined (for the criteria used to distinguish antidromic and orthodromic responses, see Results). The evoked activity of responsive neurons was observed on a digital oscilloscope, digitized, and stored ...
... 0.05– 0.2 msec pulses of 0.1– 0.5 mA), and the type of response (orthodromic vs antidromic) was determined (for the criteria used to distinguish antidromic and orthodromic responses, see Results). The evoked activity of responsive neurons was observed on a digital oscilloscope, digitized, and stored ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... groups were used for measurement of different sets of response properties. The number of neurons used for each set of experiments is mentioned in separate sections below. ...
... groups were used for measurement of different sets of response properties. The number of neurons used for each set of experiments is mentioned in separate sections below. ...
The power of the mind: the cortex as a critical determinant of muscle
... nominal levels that occasionally occurred during the first session. ...
... nominal levels that occasionally occurred during the first session. ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... University of California, Berkeley, California ...
... University of California, Berkeley, California ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... In conventional protocols using steady postsynaptic depolarization, high-frequency presynaptic stimulation induces LTP and low-frequency stimulation induces LTD, but in STDP low-frequency stimulation can be used to induce both LTP and LTD. While in both types of protocols activation of N-methyl-D-as ...
... In conventional protocols using steady postsynaptic depolarization, high-frequency presynaptic stimulation induces LTP and low-frequency stimulation induces LTD, but in STDP low-frequency stimulation can be used to induce both LTP and LTD. While in both types of protocols activation of N-methyl-D-as ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... more rarely two dendrites deep into pars reticulata, perpendicular to the borders of pars compacta. This was invariably the largest dendrite issued by the neuron and extended for distances up to 1,200 mm, even in the 350 – 400 mm slices used for in vitro recording as illustrated in Fig. 2. The input ...
... more rarely two dendrites deep into pars reticulata, perpendicular to the borders of pars compacta. This was invariably the largest dendrite issued by the neuron and extended for distances up to 1,200 mm, even in the 350 – 400 mm slices used for in vitro recording as illustrated in Fig. 2. The input ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Sensitization of the Trigeminal Sensory System During Different
... The protocols for these experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the guidelines set by the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 220 and 270 g purchased from Har ...
... The protocols for these experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the guidelines set by the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 220 and 270 g purchased from Har ...
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... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... the post hoc histological identification of the recorded neurons, we classified them as DA (TH+; n = 60) or non-DA (TH-; n = 36) (Fig. 1f, 1g, 2f and 2g). The firing rate and pattern of each neuron during the light stimulation was compared to their firing characteristics during the preceding baseli ...
... the post hoc histological identification of the recorded neurons, we classified them as DA (TH+; n = 60) or non-DA (TH-; n = 36) (Fig. 1f, 1g, 2f and 2g). The firing rate and pattern of each neuron during the light stimulation was compared to their firing characteristics during the preceding baseli ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... Figure 2. Assessing the state of human action representations with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1). (A) Example of a TMS coil placed over the right M1 in a participant performing a task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are recorded via surface electrodes. (B) T ...
... Figure 2. Assessing the state of human action representations with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1). (A) Example of a TMS coil placed over the right M1 in a participant performing a task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are recorded via surface electrodes. (B) T ...