brain anatomy - Sinoe Medical Association
... visceral sensory, motor, vestibular, and somatosensory functions. The role of the insular cortex in auditory processing was poorly understood until recently. However, recent case studies indicate that bilateral damage to the insulae may result in total auditory agnosia. Functional imaging studies de ...
... visceral sensory, motor, vestibular, and somatosensory functions. The role of the insular cortex in auditory processing was poorly understood until recently. However, recent case studies indicate that bilateral damage to the insulae may result in total auditory agnosia. Functional imaging studies de ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... to external events was a fairly unitary problem. Aristotle had suggested that the connection between sensation and action was accomplished within the physical confines of the human heart but through a nonphysical process mediated by the soul. Sensory data were, he argued, gathered by the nerves and ...
... to external events was a fairly unitary problem. Aristotle had suggested that the connection between sensation and action was accomplished within the physical confines of the human heart but through a nonphysical process mediated by the soul. Sensory data were, he argued, gathered by the nerves and ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... associated with either the pre-choice or post-choice period was significantly different (t test, ␣ ⫽ 0.01) from the baseline firing rate (i.e., mean firing rate for the 1 s period before the object cue appeared), the unit was labeled as event-responsive. Trials with missing timestamps or interevent ...
... associated with either the pre-choice or post-choice period was significantly different (t test, ␣ ⫽ 0.01) from the baseline firing rate (i.e., mean firing rate for the 1 s period before the object cue appeared), the unit was labeled as event-responsive. Trials with missing timestamps or interevent ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... Many saccades have both horizontal and vertical components. Although the commands for the two components are generated in different regions of the brainstem, pontine OPNs inhibit both horizontal and vertical EBNs27, and tend to synchronize the onsets of the two components. If these commands were oth ...
... Many saccades have both horizontal and vertical components. Although the commands for the two components are generated in different regions of the brainstem, pontine OPNs inhibit both horizontal and vertical EBNs27, and tend to synchronize the onsets of the two components. If these commands were oth ...
Synaptic Democracy and Vesicular Transport in Axons
... to k ) but nonzero. Hence, we consider how the normalized distribution cðxÞ=cð0Þ varies with ϕ ≡ k− =γ c , which determines the proportion of vesicles that are recycled into the system after leaving the targets. Figure 3 displays the normalized concentration profiles for a variety of k− =γ c values ...
... to k ) but nonzero. Hence, we consider how the normalized distribution cðxÞ=cð0Þ varies with ϕ ≡ k− =γ c , which determines the proportion of vesicles that are recycled into the system after leaving the targets. Figure 3 displays the normalized concentration profiles for a variety of k− =γ c values ...
Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... and frontal slices of an average brain are displayed from top left to bottom right. The diagram at the bottom left gives semantic ratings (and their standard errors) for color and form words; ratings of semantic relatedness to general visual information, form information and color information are gi ...
... and frontal slices of an average brain are displayed from top left to bottom right. The diagram at the bottom left gives semantic ratings (and their standard errors) for color and form words; ratings of semantic relatedness to general visual information, form information and color information are gi ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 40.14 Sleep-dependentmemory consolidation. Subjects were asked to type the sequence “41324” as quickly and accurately as they could for 30 seconds and then rest for 30 seconds before doing it again. Twelve trials were performed on each of two successive days. While the control subjects showe ...
... FIGURE 40.14 Sleep-dependentmemory consolidation. Subjects were asked to type the sequence “41324” as quickly and accurately as they could for 30 seconds and then rest for 30 seconds before doing it again. Twelve trials were performed on each of two successive days. While the control subjects showe ...
Guide to the CERAD Form
... Guide to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Form1 General Guide to the Process The brain bank was notified as soon as possible after death and arrangements were made for immediate dissection and retrieval of brain tissue. Once recovered, the brain was sliced into ...
... Guide to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Form1 General Guide to the Process The brain bank was notified as soon as possible after death and arrangements were made for immediate dissection and retrieval of brain tissue. Once recovered, the brain was sliced into ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... stimuli plus water was determined by application of 0.5 ml of each solution. Each application was followed by a 1.0 ml water rinse, and a minimum period of 30 sec of rest. The stimulus series was then repeated. The total testing time was approximately 12 min, and the volume consumed was a maximum of ...
... stimuli plus water was determined by application of 0.5 ml of each solution. Each application was followed by a 1.0 ml water rinse, and a minimum period of 30 sec of rest. The stimulus series was then repeated. The total testing time was approximately 12 min, and the volume consumed was a maximum of ...
3D Visual Response Properties of MSTd Emerge from an Efficient
... vectors and the other contains non-negative activation vectors (hidden coefficients). The non-negativity constraints of NMF enforce the combination of different basis vectors to be additive, leading to representations that are often parts based and sparse (Lee and Seung, 1999). For example, when app ...
... vectors and the other contains non-negative activation vectors (hidden coefficients). The non-negativity constraints of NMF enforce the combination of different basis vectors to be additive, leading to representations that are often parts based and sparse (Lee and Seung, 1999). For example, when app ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... reorganization. (3) Investigate the modulatory effects of the pain modulatory stimulation (transcutaneous electrical stimulation and acute experimental pain stimulation) on the pain processing system in brain evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG) or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Each s ...
... reorganization. (3) Investigate the modulatory effects of the pain modulatory stimulation (transcutaneous electrical stimulation and acute experimental pain stimulation) on the pain processing system in brain evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG) or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Each s ...
Cognitive Science: Emerging Perspectives and Approaches
... terms of digital or discrete and analog representations. Symbolic approaches to mind have opted for essentially discrete representations. Connectionist approaches typically favor analog representations. The type of representations used in the connectionist approach is usually subsymbolic i.e., repre ...
... terms of digital or discrete and analog representations. Symbolic approaches to mind have opted for essentially discrete representations. Connectionist approaches typically favor analog representations. The type of representations used in the connectionist approach is usually subsymbolic i.e., repre ...
(SCI) patients in the United States
... causing slight contractions in muscles, proving electricity could be applied centrally with peripheral effects. In the recent past, experiment on stimulating certain parts of the brain or spinal cord to contract certain muscles has been performed (Tarsey, 2008). Modern experiments looking into the s ...
... causing slight contractions in muscles, proving electricity could be applied centrally with peripheral effects. In the recent past, experiment on stimulating certain parts of the brain or spinal cord to contract certain muscles has been performed (Tarsey, 2008). Modern experiments looking into the s ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... The cerebral cortex is the site of higher human cognitive functions such as memory, consciousness, The cerebral cortex is the site of higher human cognitive functions such as memory, fine movements and thoughts and it exhibits a stereotypic histological organization, with neurons consciousness, fine ...
... The cerebral cortex is the site of higher human cognitive functions such as memory, consciousness, The cerebral cortex is the site of higher human cognitive functions such as memory, fine movements and thoughts and it exhibits a stereotypic histological organization, with neurons consciousness, fine ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... repeatedly demonstrated in multiple species (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980; Sandell, 1986; Chun and Shatz, 1989; Yan et al., 1996; Clancy et al., 2001; Jovanov-Milosevic et al., 2009; Suarez-Sola et al., 2009). Recent experiments have shown that at least some of these send long-distance connections into ...
... repeatedly demonstrated in multiple species (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980; Sandell, 1986; Chun and Shatz, 1989; Yan et al., 1996; Clancy et al., 2001; Jovanov-Milosevic et al., 2009; Suarez-Sola et al., 2009). Recent experiments have shown that at least some of these send long-distance connections into ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... with DA-modulated STDP to illustrate various aspects of reinforcement of precise firing patterns embedded into the sea of noise. Reinforcing a Synapse In Figure 1, we reinforce contingent firing of 2 neurons by delayed reward to illustrate how DA-modulated STDP addresses the credit assignment problem ...
... with DA-modulated STDP to illustrate various aspects of reinforcement of precise firing patterns embedded into the sea of noise. Reinforcing a Synapse In Figure 1, we reinforce contingent firing of 2 neurons by delayed reward to illustrate how DA-modulated STDP addresses the credit assignment problem ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... affect the octopus’s performance and introduce complications due to possible interactions between the animal and the experimenter or the experimental context (Boycott, 1954; Dews, 1959; Crancher et al., 1972). This “tameness” of the octopus has stimulated important discussions on the proper training ...
... affect the octopus’s performance and introduce complications due to possible interactions between the animal and the experimenter or the experimental context (Boycott, 1954; Dews, 1959; Crancher et al., 1972). This “tameness” of the octopus has stimulated important discussions on the proper training ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... other sensory modalities, such as auditory stimuli. For example, if we want to direct our gaze towards the sound of a creaking door with rusty hinges, knowledge of the location of the sound relative to our head and eyes is important. Similarly, if we want to reach towards the sound, we need to know ...
... other sensory modalities, such as auditory stimuli. For example, if we want to direct our gaze towards the sound of a creaking door with rusty hinges, knowledge of the location of the sound relative to our head and eyes is important. Similarly, if we want to reach towards the sound, we need to know ...
Oscillatory phase coupling coordinates
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
... Emotions can be aroused by various kinds of stimulus modalities. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that several brain regions represent emotions at an abstract level, i.e., independently from the sensory cues from which they are perceived (e.g., face, body, or voice stimuli). If emotions are inde ...
... Emotions can be aroused by various kinds of stimulus modalities. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that several brain regions represent emotions at an abstract level, i.e., independently from the sensory cues from which they are perceived (e.g., face, body, or voice stimuli). If emotions are inde ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
