The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... were performed, alternating between short foreperiod (500 ms) and long foreperiod (2500 ms) conditions. The training was considered complete when, during two consecutive blocks (i) the error rate was less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was ...
... were performed, alternating between short foreperiod (500 ms) and long foreperiod (2500 ms) conditions. The training was considered complete when, during two consecutive blocks (i) the error rate was less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was ...
The Nervous System
... They cross over to the opposite side of the nervous system – information from receptors on the right side of the body is transmitted to the left cerebral hemisphere Skin, muscles, tendons & joints To the somatosensory cortex ...
... They cross over to the opposite side of the nervous system – information from receptors on the right side of the body is transmitted to the left cerebral hemisphere Skin, muscles, tendons & joints To the somatosensory cortex ...
PDF
... has accumulated regarding the associations that control different aspects of learned behavior. The computational field of reinforcement learning (Sutton & Barto, 1998) has provided a normative framework within which such conditioned behavior can be understood. In this, optimal action selection is ba ...
... has accumulated regarding the associations that control different aspects of learned behavior. The computational field of reinforcement learning (Sutton & Barto, 1998) has provided a normative framework within which such conditioned behavior can be understood. In this, optimal action selection is ba ...
1. Materials and Methods
... Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) and sound-only (‘S’), (see Figure 1B), and during the active performance of the best, and in part of the neurons, the less effective action (‘M’), see below. To test se ...
... Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) and sound-only (‘S’), (see Figure 1B), and during the active performance of the best, and in part of the neurons, the less effective action (‘M’), see below. To test se ...
Physiological Psychology
... emergency. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fighting or fleeing by shutting down low-priority systems and putting blood and oxygen into the most necessary parts of the body. Salivation and digestion are put on standby. If you’re facing a hungry lion on the Serengeti Plain, you do ...
... emergency. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fighting or fleeing by shutting down low-priority systems and putting blood and oxygen into the most necessary parts of the body. Salivation and digestion are put on standby. If you’re facing a hungry lion on the Serengeti Plain, you do ...
presentation source
... entorhinal cortex has connections with other corticial areas (visual, auditory information) – fimbria-fornix: hippcampus is also reciprocally connected to septum, thalamus and hypothalamus ...
... entorhinal cortex has connections with other corticial areas (visual, auditory information) – fimbria-fornix: hippcampus is also reciprocally connected to septum, thalamus and hypothalamus ...
Central Nervous System
... • connecting different levels of the trunk with each other and the brain ...
... • connecting different levels of the trunk with each other and the brain ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... involved in hitting the ball, but it is involved in recording in memory all of the details of the point so that the player can brag about it later. In fact, many other brain regions are also active during this simple behavior. The common sense notion that only a fraction of the brain is used at any ...
... involved in hitting the ball, but it is involved in recording in memory all of the details of the point so that the player can brag about it later. In fact, many other brain regions are also active during this simple behavior. The common sense notion that only a fraction of the brain is used at any ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between similar inputs, where such inputs would otherwise invoke nearly the same response in neurons with only slightly different response properties. However ...
... interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between similar inputs, where such inputs would otherwise invoke nearly the same response in neurons with only slightly different response properties. However ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Boston Retinal Implant Project
... differentiation, growth, and regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating the mechanisms regulating these processes is not only fundamental for our understanding of neural development, but also it may provide crucial information for the development of therapeutic strategie ...
... differentiation, growth, and regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating the mechanisms regulating these processes is not only fundamental for our understanding of neural development, but also it may provide crucial information for the development of therapeutic strategie ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
... learning model proposed by Grossberg (1987) is also an instance of the two-process idea. The goal of the present work is to show that ¢ndings from neurophysiology can be used to give new insights into the emotional process in a two-process model. Our aim is to show how data from learning theory comb ...
... learning model proposed by Grossberg (1987) is also an instance of the two-process idea. The goal of the present work is to show that ¢ndings from neurophysiology can be used to give new insights into the emotional process in a two-process model. Our aim is to show how data from learning theory comb ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... Parisi and Nolfi argued that, if neural networks are viewed in the biological context of artificial life, they should be accompanied by genotypes which are part of a population and inherited from parents to offspring [Parisi, 1997], [Parisi and Nolfi, 2001]. In their work they used a growing encodin ...
... Parisi and Nolfi argued that, if neural networks are viewed in the biological context of artificial life, they should be accompanied by genotypes which are part of a population and inherited from parents to offspring [Parisi, 1997], [Parisi and Nolfi, 2001]. In their work they used a growing encodin ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... the years may seem to suggest that no coherent account of M1 function can ever be given, and one has to accept a catalog of disparate empirical findings in place of an explanation. This is in principle possible, but, at the risk of disagreeing with some of the neurophysiologists whose findings we fi ...
... the years may seem to suggest that no coherent account of M1 function can ever be given, and one has to accept a catalog of disparate empirical findings in place of an explanation. This is in principle possible, but, at the risk of disagreeing with some of the neurophysiologists whose findings we fi ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
... majority of the septum and several basal forebrain groups that include the large cholinergic cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see below). It is not definitively clear at present whether a small part of the archistriatum is al ...
... majority of the septum and several basal forebrain groups that include the large cholinergic cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see below). It is not definitively clear at present whether a small part of the archistriatum is al ...
Emergence of Mirror Neurons in a Model of Gaze Following
... understanding of others as perceiving intelligent agents that are “like them.” In fact, many gaze following experiments have been designed specifically with the goal of elucidating ...
... understanding of others as perceiving intelligent agents that are “like them.” In fact, many gaze following experiments have been designed specifically with the goal of elucidating ...
Document
... • Everyday observations suggest that even when we are not sleepy, our alertness can vary. • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different n ...
... • Everyday observations suggest that even when we are not sleepy, our alertness can vary. • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different n ...
Eds., M. Kawaguchi, K. Misaki, H. Sato, T. Yokokawa, T.... and S. Tanabe, pp. 41–48.
... teleosts (Figs. 2F, H and I). In the major model fish such as zebrafish and medaka, it is difficult to observe the developing neural networks in midbrain, because of their small size and thick epidermis. The large size and high permeability of freshwater goby embryo enabled us to identify the projec ...
... teleosts (Figs. 2F, H and I). In the major model fish such as zebrafish and medaka, it is difficult to observe the developing neural networks in midbrain, because of their small size and thick epidermis. The large size and high permeability of freshwater goby embryo enabled us to identify the projec ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... 00288.2001. Many neurons show anticipatory activity in learned tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each blo ...
... 00288.2001. Many neurons show anticipatory activity in learned tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each blo ...
Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
... • Motor Neurons – “Output” = efferent – end impulses away from CNS ...
... • Motor Neurons – “Output” = efferent – end impulses away from CNS ...
Dopamine Neurons Mediate a Fast Excitatory Signal
... sistances were 5–9 M⍀. The internal solution contained the following (in mM): 140 K-gluconate, 2 MgCl2, 0.1 CaCl2, 10 HEPES, 1 EGTA, 2 ATPNa2, and 0.1 GTP-Na2, pH 7.3. To block unclamped Na ⫹ currents, 5 mM lidocaine N-ethyl bromide (QX-314; Sigma-RBI) was added to the internal solution. The liquid ...
... sistances were 5–9 M⍀. The internal solution contained the following (in mM): 140 K-gluconate, 2 MgCl2, 0.1 CaCl2, 10 HEPES, 1 EGTA, 2 ATPNa2, and 0.1 GTP-Na2, pH 7.3. To block unclamped Na ⫹ currents, 5 mM lidocaine N-ethyl bromide (QX-314; Sigma-RBI) was added to the internal solution. The liquid ...
Anatomy Review
... -4917. (Page 4.) The neuron synapsing on the soma inhibits the cell and prevents it from generating an _______ _________. a. action potential b. synaptic potential 18. (Page 5.) Label the diagrams on page 5. 19. (Page 5.) In the brain, a variety of synapses have evolved to serve complex transmissio ...
... -4917. (Page 4.) The neuron synapsing on the soma inhibits the cell and prevents it from generating an _______ _________. a. action potential b. synaptic potential 18. (Page 5.) Label the diagrams on page 5. 19. (Page 5.) In the brain, a variety of synapses have evolved to serve complex transmissio ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... appear to be other areas with mirror properties. Besides the premotor area, one of its important input areas, the rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) area PF, also contains neurons with mirror properties. The premotor area and the PF are highly interconnected. Most of the PF neurons (90%) respond ...
... appear to be other areas with mirror properties. Besides the premotor area, one of its important input areas, the rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) area PF, also contains neurons with mirror properties. The premotor area and the PF are highly interconnected. Most of the PF neurons (90%) respond ...
50 Emotional States and Feelings
... The Cnnon-Bard Theory Emphasizes the Role of the Hypothalamus and Other Subcortical Structures in Mediating Both the Cognitive and Peripheral Aspects of Emotion To deal with the shortcomings of the James-Lange theory, Cannon and Philip Bard suggested that two subcortical structures, the hypothalamus ...
... The Cnnon-Bard Theory Emphasizes the Role of the Hypothalamus and Other Subcortical Structures in Mediating Both the Cognitive and Peripheral Aspects of Emotion To deal with the shortcomings of the James-Lange theory, Cannon and Philip Bard suggested that two subcortical structures, the hypothalamus ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... system is hard to study in isolation. Neurons have a narrow range of operating conditions (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this ...
... system is hard to study in isolation. Neurons have a narrow range of operating conditions (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this ...
65 Commentary - The Ideal DBS System The proliferation of DBS
... The ideal IPG would provide for DBS trains that could provide stimulation at multiple frequencies in an interleaved or multiplexed manner. If neural systems physiology and pathophysiology research and research into the therapeutic mechanisms of action are supported and expanded, then the potential a ...
... The ideal IPG would provide for DBS trains that could provide stimulation at multiple frequencies in an interleaved or multiplexed manner. If neural systems physiology and pathophysiology research and research into the therapeutic mechanisms of action are supported and expanded, then the potential a ...