Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
Identification of a Functional Connectome for Long
... where Fos expression co-varies across mice, and presumably form components of a network that are co-active during recall of long-term fear memory. This analysis suggested that expression of a long-term fear memory is an emergent property of large scale neural network interactions. This network has a ...
... where Fos expression co-varies across mice, and presumably form components of a network that are co-active during recall of long-term fear memory. This analysis suggested that expression of a long-term fear memory is an emergent property of large scale neural network interactions. This network has a ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... recognize and bind to ECM glycoproteins that contain ArgGly-Asp (RGD) domains (e.g. fibronectin, laminin, and thrombospondin), which are the endogenous ligands for the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors (Verslegers et al., 2013). Thus, MMPs-2/9 are able to recognize and expose integrinsignali ...
... recognize and bind to ECM glycoproteins that contain ArgGly-Asp (RGD) domains (e.g. fibronectin, laminin, and thrombospondin), which are the endogenous ligands for the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors (Verslegers et al., 2013). Thus, MMPs-2/9 are able to recognize and expose integrinsignali ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
Test yourself on lesions in section pictures
... temperature due to lesion of the second order fibers as they are crossing the midline prior to ascending as the lateral spinothalamic tract. This lesion will affect primarily dermatomes at the level of the lesion and 2 segments below. It will affect those 2 segments below, because the primary affere ...
... temperature due to lesion of the second order fibers as they are crossing the midline prior to ascending as the lateral spinothalamic tract. This lesion will affect primarily dermatomes at the level of the lesion and 2 segments below. It will affect those 2 segments below, because the primary affere ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... within a cortical column, which is recruited and modulated by information conveyed over long-range excitatory projections, including from the visual surround. The network proposed models the superficial layers of cat primary visual cortex (area 17), including several populations designed to simulat ...
... within a cortical column, which is recruited and modulated by information conveyed over long-range excitatory projections, including from the visual surround. The network proposed models the superficial layers of cat primary visual cortex (area 17), including several populations designed to simulat ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
Artificial neural network model for river flow forecasting
... structural flood mitigation measures, namely real-time river ...
... structural flood mitigation measures, namely real-time river ...
14.10 Insight 775 Gilbert
... case of contrast discrimination. Adini et al.7 assume that perceptual learning is mediated by an increase in contrast sensitivity. This, in turn, results from stimulus-evoked modifications to recurrent connections in the local network in the primary visual cortex. The model assumes that contrast dis ...
... case of contrast discrimination. Adini et al.7 assume that perceptual learning is mediated by an increase in contrast sensitivity. This, in turn, results from stimulus-evoked modifications to recurrent connections in the local network in the primary visual cortex. The model assumes that contrast dis ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
5104-c2
... • Using paired whole-cell recordings, we have found that many neurons in the rat SCN communicate via electrical synapses. Spontaneous spiking was often synchronized in pairs of electrically coupled neurons, and the degree of this synchrony could be predicted from the magnitude of coupling. • In wild ...
... • Using paired whole-cell recordings, we have found that many neurons in the rat SCN communicate via electrical synapses. Spontaneous spiking was often synchronized in pairs of electrically coupled neurons, and the degree of this synchrony could be predicted from the magnitude of coupling. • In wild ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite ...
... therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite ...
Reinforcement learning in cortical networks
... paradigm considers an agent (robot, human, animal) that acts in a typically stochastic environment and receives rewards when reaching certain states. The agent’s goal is to maximize the expected reward by choosing the optimal action at any given state. In a cortical implementation, the states are de ...
... paradigm considers an agent (robot, human, animal) that acts in a typically stochastic environment and receives rewards when reaching certain states. The agent’s goal is to maximize the expected reward by choosing the optimal action at any given state. In a cortical implementation, the states are de ...
Slide 7.45b
... oxygen & glucose (due to lots of activity) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... oxygen & glucose (due to lots of activity) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
... that ranged in duration from 0 to 6 s randomly; the onset of the image coherence interval, and thus the earliest sensory information about the target image, was therefore unpredictable. The noise interval was a dynamic display that ‘‘cohered’’ from one random phase map to another random phase map (r ...
... that ranged in duration from 0 to 6 s randomly; the onset of the image coherence interval, and thus the earliest sensory information about the target image, was therefore unpredictable. The noise interval was a dynamic display that ‘‘cohered’’ from one random phase map to another random phase map (r ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... As indicated by their introduction, Hubel and Wiesel’s experiments were not based on hypotheses about the mechanisms of perception or the neural activity already recorded from visual cortex, but rather on the previous observations on the ultimate input to the visual cortex, the retina. They built up ...
... As indicated by their introduction, Hubel and Wiesel’s experiments were not based on hypotheses about the mechanisms of perception or the neural activity already recorded from visual cortex, but rather on the previous observations on the ultimate input to the visual cortex, the retina. They built up ...
What We Know and Do Not Know about the Functions of the
... been attributed to OFC’s role in inhibiting “prepotent” responding, typically animals are able to inhibit the same response before learning that they are unable to inhibit after reversal. Moreover, OFC lesions do not affect reversal of some naturalistic or innate response tendencies (Chudasama et al ...
... been attributed to OFC’s role in inhibiting “prepotent” responding, typically animals are able to inhibit the same response before learning that they are unable to inhibit after reversal. Moreover, OFC lesions do not affect reversal of some naturalistic or innate response tendencies (Chudasama et al ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... This demonstrates input from the sight of movements to the neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homolog ...
... This demonstrates input from the sight of movements to the neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homolog ...
cereb cort
... distinguished it is necessary for different sets of neurons to respond despite this overlap in input features. As a simple example, consider the task of representing two overlapping patterns: ‘ab’ and ‘abc’. A network consisting of two nodes receiving input from three sources (labelled ‘a’, ‘b’ and ...
... distinguished it is necessary for different sets of neurons to respond despite this overlap in input features. As a simple example, consider the task of representing two overlapping patterns: ‘ab’ and ‘abc’. A network consisting of two nodes receiving input from three sources (labelled ‘a’, ‘b’ and ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... and, hence, establishing normal resting levels of arterial pressure (AP). While it has been recognized for over 100 years that the medulla oblongata is essential for such control — since removal of the brain above the medulla has no effect on resting AP but transection at the spinomedullary junction ...
... and, hence, establishing normal resting levels of arterial pressure (AP). While it has been recognized for over 100 years that the medulla oblongata is essential for such control — since removal of the brain above the medulla has no effect on resting AP but transection at the spinomedullary junction ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... function, respectively. The functions for the branching asymmetry, a(l), and angle, (l), were analogous to Eq. 4. As in biological neurons, the dendritic diameter was not allowed to go ⬍0.2 m. The size of the soma was fixed at 20 m (length ⫽ diameter). The Gaussian function was chosen because it ...
... function, respectively. The functions for the branching asymmetry, a(l), and angle, (l), were analogous to Eq. 4. As in biological neurons, the dendritic diameter was not allowed to go ⬍0.2 m. The size of the soma was fixed at 20 m (length ⫽ diameter). The Gaussian function was chosen because it ...
The Cerebrum
... cortex called cerebral cortex • Outer surface of cerebral cortex covered in a series of elevated ridges called gyri (JĪ-rī) » Increase surface area (number of cortical neurons) ...
... cortex called cerebral cortex • Outer surface of cerebral cortex covered in a series of elevated ridges called gyri (JĪ-rī) » Increase surface area (number of cortical neurons) ...
From Thought to Action
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
