found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... cells from the hippocampus of different bats. Same notation as in (A). When a neuron had more than one place field, different fields were marked with different colors (K). The neuron in (J) was recorded in the cubic enclosure; the other neurons are from the rectangular-cuboid room. ...
... cells from the hippocampus of different bats. Same notation as in (A). When a neuron had more than one place field, different fields were marked with different colors (K). The neuron in (J) was recorded in the cubic enclosure; the other neurons are from the rectangular-cuboid room. ...
PDF - Journal of the American Heart Association
... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. ...
... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... ing the response tactics) or which target to reach (instructing the selecconditions. If the activity was inconsistent between the blocks of same the tion of action). First, visual cues (0.5 s) instructed behavioral tactics to same behavioral conditions, or if the spike’s waveform changed, we disresp ...
... ing the response tactics) or which target to reach (instructing the selecconditions. If the activity was inconsistent between the blocks of same the tion of action). First, visual cues (0.5 s) instructed behavioral tactics to same behavioral conditions, or if the spike’s waveform changed, we disresp ...
The auditory pathway: Levels of integration of information and
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
Nerve activates contraction
... High metabolic rate: require continuous oxygen & glucose (due to lots of activity) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... High metabolic rate: require continuous oxygen & glucose (due to lots of activity) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Simulating in vivo-like Synaptic Input Patterns in Multicompartmental
... than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circuit inhibitory interneurons and the powerfully excitatory climbing fiber (Ito 1984). Although Purkinje neurons are an extreme example of synaptic convergence, individual neurons that receive thousand ...
... than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circuit inhibitory interneurons and the powerfully excitatory climbing fiber (Ito 1984). Although Purkinje neurons are an extreme example of synaptic convergence, individual neurons that receive thousand ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... mechanisms (Suri and Schultz, 1999). Dopamine neurons respond to novel, physically salient stimuli even if the stimulus has never been associated to a reward (Schultz, 1998). In contrast to reward-predictive responses, for stimuli of equal physical salience, the increase due to novelty responses see ...
... mechanisms (Suri and Schultz, 1999). Dopamine neurons respond to novel, physically salient stimuli even if the stimulus has never been associated to a reward (Schultz, 1998). In contrast to reward-predictive responses, for stimuli of equal physical salience, the increase due to novelty responses see ...
Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval
... Memory signals within the MTL The MTL — the hippocampus and surrounding perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices — has long been recognized as a key brain area supporting episodic memory. Reminiscent of electrophysiological findings in primates [4], fMRI studies have reported that perirhi ...
... Memory signals within the MTL The MTL — the hippocampus and surrounding perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices — has long been recognized as a key brain area supporting episodic memory. Reminiscent of electrophysiological findings in primates [4], fMRI studies have reported that perirhi ...
Region-specific effects of hypothyroidism on the relative expression
... expression of TRs in adult rat cerebral hemispheres is affected by altered neural activity in an isoform-specific manner, indicating thus that each TR isoform contributes to different physiological response of adult rat brain to TH [33, 34]. Furthermore, these studies showed that the intacellular th ...
... expression of TRs in adult rat cerebral hemispheres is affected by altered neural activity in an isoform-specific manner, indicating thus that each TR isoform contributes to different physiological response of adult rat brain to TH [33, 34]. Furthermore, these studies showed that the intacellular th ...
The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced
... between stimulus and recording electrodes. A mainly negative LFP follows immediately after the second positive wave of the TP. This potential is most likely a glutamatergic postsynaptic field potential (fPSP) because it disappears in zero-calcium physiological solution (Figure 24.3A) and is blocked ...
... between stimulus and recording electrodes. A mainly negative LFP follows immediately after the second positive wave of the TP. This potential is most likely a glutamatergic postsynaptic field potential (fPSP) because it disappears in zero-calcium physiological solution (Figure 24.3A) and is blocked ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... is particularly prominent in the developing human brain (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980, 1990). Clinically, this region is susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrh ...
... is particularly prominent in the developing human brain (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980, 1990). Clinically, this region is susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrh ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... active at the same time strengthen their connections. If a neuron, call it L, sends one connection to a second neuron, M, their synapse will strengthen when both are repeatedly active together, so that L will later have a stronger influence on M. Because this effect may last for many hours or days, ...
... active at the same time strengthen their connections. If a neuron, call it L, sends one connection to a second neuron, M, their synapse will strengthen when both are repeatedly active together, so that L will later have a stronger influence on M. Because this effect may last for many hours or days, ...
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary
... populations control highly flexible coordinated limb movements not only has important implications for understanding volitional movement control but also for the design of neuroprosthetic devices that attempt to reproduce reach and grasp actions from neural activity. The goal of this study was to de ...
... populations control highly flexible coordinated limb movements not only has important implications for understanding volitional movement control but also for the design of neuroprosthetic devices that attempt to reproduce reach and grasp actions from neural activity. The goal of this study was to de ...
The mouse C9ORF72 ortholog is enriched in neurons known to
... more of these mechanisms are the cause of neuronal degeneration has not been resolved. Regardless of which molecular mechanism, or mechanisms, are responsible for the mutation's negative effects, it remains to be determined whether this mutation acts primary in the neural subtypes subject to degener ...
... more of these mechanisms are the cause of neuronal degeneration has not been resolved. Regardless of which molecular mechanism, or mechanisms, are responsible for the mutation's negative effects, it remains to be determined whether this mutation acts primary in the neural subtypes subject to degener ...
THE NEURON
... How do we know about the world outside our bodies? When you reach for a ball at a ballgame, how does your body make this happen? How do the sights, sounds, and smells at the ballgame get into your mind? The answers to all these questions are found in the nervous system. ...
... How do we know about the world outside our bodies? When you reach for a ball at a ballgame, how does your body make this happen? How do the sights, sounds, and smells at the ballgame get into your mind? The answers to all these questions are found in the nervous system. ...
Models of Information Processing in the Visual Cortex
... biologically accurate. We do so, because science is yet to provide a full understanding of the brain, thus it is not possible to propose accurate overall models of data. The chapter rather gives an overview of different kinds of models of vision present in the literature, whether they are biological ...
... biologically accurate. We do so, because science is yet to provide a full understanding of the brain, thus it is not possible to propose accurate overall models of data. The chapter rather gives an overview of different kinds of models of vision present in the literature, whether they are biological ...
Metabolic changes in schizophrenia and human brain evolution
... functions in model organisms and, clearly, conducting functional experiments on humans is not possible. An alternative approach to the study of human brain function is through the investigation of naturally occurring dysfunctions. Apart from their direct health applications, studies of human cogniti ...
... functions in model organisms and, clearly, conducting functional experiments on humans is not possible. An alternative approach to the study of human brain function is through the investigation of naturally occurring dysfunctions. Apart from their direct health applications, studies of human cogniti ...
n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for optimal function
... preterm and term babies is associated with retinal electrical responses to light stimuli, and to brain cortex related visual acuity maturation, that are similar to those observed in human milk fed infants. Our follow up results in young children suggest that neurodevelopment and cognitive abilities ...
... preterm and term babies is associated with retinal electrical responses to light stimuli, and to brain cortex related visual acuity maturation, that are similar to those observed in human milk fed infants. Our follow up results in young children suggest that neurodevelopment and cognitive abilities ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
Evolving Fuzzy Neural Networks - Algorithms, Applications
... experiments and also the results when: (1) four FuNNs, 'manually' designed and trained with a BP algorithm, are used for each of the phonemes, and (2) when four FuNNs are optimised with a GA algorithm and trained again with the BP[13 ]. For the FuNNs experiment four FuNNs were 'manually' created eac ...
... experiments and also the results when: (1) four FuNNs, 'manually' designed and trained with a BP algorithm, are used for each of the phonemes, and (2) when four FuNNs are optimised with a GA algorithm and trained again with the BP[13 ]. For the FuNNs experiment four FuNNs were 'manually' created eac ...
Unit 12 ~ Learning Guide Name
... There are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the body. When two excitatory neurotransmitters work together to cause an action potential, it is called summation. YOU SHOULD WATCH THE SYNAPSE VIDEO BEFORE PROCEEDING ANY FURTHER! ...
... There are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the body. When two excitatory neurotransmitters work together to cause an action potential, it is called summation. YOU SHOULD WATCH THE SYNAPSE VIDEO BEFORE PROCEEDING ANY FURTHER! ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... The brain is the largest and most complex portion of the nervous system. It occupies the cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major p ...
... The brain is the largest and most complex portion of the nervous system. It occupies the cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major p ...