Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... developmental time course of WFA-detected proteoglycans and aggrecan immunoreactivity visualized by CAT-315 antibody differs in the somatosensory and visual cortices. In the visual cortex, the density of cells with aggrecan- positive PNs remains almost constant from P10 to the adulthood. This observ ...
... developmental time course of WFA-detected proteoglycans and aggrecan immunoreactivity visualized by CAT-315 antibody differs in the somatosensory and visual cortices. In the visual cortex, the density of cells with aggrecan- positive PNs remains almost constant from P10 to the adulthood. This observ ...
Fig. 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... affected. This resulted in defects in cortical stratification and ectopically localized layer II–IV pyramidal neurons and interneurons. These data show that MPP3 is required for maintenance of the apical protein complex and adherens junctions and for stratification and proper migration of neurons du ...
... affected. This resulted in defects in cortical stratification and ectopically localized layer II–IV pyramidal neurons and interneurons. These data show that MPP3 is required for maintenance of the apical protein complex and adherens junctions and for stratification and proper migration of neurons du ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... Calford & Webster, 1981). The major commonality of these two thalamocortical subsystems is the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). This nucleus projects to layer I of both AI and All, and to all other cortical auditory fields as well (Niimi & Naito, 1974; Wilson & Cragg, 1 ...
... Calford & Webster, 1981). The major commonality of these two thalamocortical subsystems is the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). This nucleus projects to layer I of both AI and All, and to all other cortical auditory fields as well (Niimi & Naito, 1974; Wilson & Cragg, 1 ...
mRNA at the Synapse - Journal of Neuroscience
... are generally required, as low-level expression is difficult to detect by in situ hybridization. Second, except when coupled to electron microscopy (EM), in situ hybridization does not have the requisite spatial resolution to distinguish small subcellular compartments such as dendritic spines. Thus, ...
... are generally required, as low-level expression is difficult to detect by in situ hybridization. Second, except when coupled to electron microscopy (EM), in situ hybridization does not have the requisite spatial resolution to distinguish small subcellular compartments such as dendritic spines. Thus, ...
Separating value from choice: delay discounting activity in the lateral
... The mathematical formulations used to study the neurophysiological signals governing choice behavior fall under one of two major theoretical frameworks: “choice probability” or “subjective value.” These two formulations represent behavioral quantities closely tied to the decision process, but it is ...
... The mathematical formulations used to study the neurophysiological signals governing choice behavior fall under one of two major theoretical frameworks: “choice probability” or “subjective value.” These two formulations represent behavioral quantities closely tied to the decision process, but it is ...
Dynamic analysis of early steps of midgut and hindgut
... ectoderm in the area of the primitive streak. It is likely that, since the cellular condensation along the primitive streak thickens it, cells reach out towards the hypoblast and adhere to it. Recent analysis of the pattern of pull of the mesoderm shows that the mesoderm, after ingressing through t ...
... ectoderm in the area of the primitive streak. It is likely that, since the cellular condensation along the primitive streak thickens it, cells reach out towards the hypoblast and adhere to it. Recent analysis of the pattern of pull of the mesoderm shows that the mesoderm, after ingressing through t ...
Evolving Robots Able to Visually Discriminate Between - laral
... behind evolutionary robotics is very simple. An initial population of different artificial genotypes, each encoding the control system and sometimes the morphology of a robot, are randomly created and put in the environment. Each robot is then let free to act (move, look around, manipulate) accordin ...
... behind evolutionary robotics is very simple. An initial population of different artificial genotypes, each encoding the control system and sometimes the morphology of a robot, are randomly created and put in the environment. Each robot is then let free to act (move, look around, manipulate) accordin ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... In our initial experiments, Richard Axel and I asked how it is that these neurons detect odorants. Beginning in 1965 with the work of Robert Gesteland (Gesteland et al., 1965), numerous electrophysiological studies had shown that different olfactory sensory neurons are depolarized, or activated, by ...
... In our initial experiments, Richard Axel and I asked how it is that these neurons detect odorants. Beginning in 1965 with the work of Robert Gesteland (Gesteland et al., 1965), numerous electrophysiological studies had shown that different olfactory sensory neurons are depolarized, or activated, by ...
Computation by Oscillations: Implications of Experimental Data
... oscillations dependent on changes in the membrane potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization). The model assumes that depolarization, relative to the baseline membrane potential, will result in an increase in the frequency of the subthreshold membrane potential oscillation. Based on oscillatory ...
... oscillations dependent on changes in the membrane potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization). The model assumes that depolarization, relative to the baseline membrane potential, will result in an increase in the frequency of the subthreshold membrane potential oscillation. Based on oscillatory ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
Article
... stained with SYBR-Green (Invitrogen) at a concentration of 1:10,000, cleared in 70% glycerol in PBS and photographed in ...
... stained with SYBR-Green (Invitrogen) at a concentration of 1:10,000, cleared in 70% glycerol in PBS and photographed in ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... In higher mammals visual information from the retina can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn ...
... In higher mammals visual information from the retina can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... hemispheric processes that correspond to what James called recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object ...
... hemispheric processes that correspond to what James called recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... and other functional neuronal processing in the monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 761–774, 1997. Single-neuron activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of three monkeys during the performance of a spatial delayed alternation (DA) task and during the presentation of a variety of vi ...
... and other functional neuronal processing in the monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 761–774, 1997. Single-neuron activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of three monkeys during the performance of a spatial delayed alternation (DA) task and during the presentation of a variety of vi ...
Evolutionary perspectives from development of mesodermal
... notochord (Fig. 5D). There is no clear boundary between this medial plate and the lateral mesodermal bulge that later forms the mandibular mesoderm. It is the protrusion of the rostral endoderm, or the first pharyngeal pouch, that delineates the mandibular mesoderm and the more posteriorly located h ...
... notochord (Fig. 5D). There is no clear boundary between this medial plate and the lateral mesodermal bulge that later forms the mandibular mesoderm. It is the protrusion of the rostral endoderm, or the first pharyngeal pouch, that delineates the mandibular mesoderm and the more posteriorly located h ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... and medial superior temporal (MST) areas. As reported previously, neurons showed tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts ...
... and medial superior temporal (MST) areas. As reported previously, neurons showed tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts ...
GAIT AND LOCOMOTION
... • During normal level path unobstructed locomotion the cortical level involvement is minimal: when the animal is required to go over barriers in the travel path or is constrained to place its paws on a specific location (such as rungs of a ladder) the intensity (but not the phase) of the activity in ...
... • During normal level path unobstructed locomotion the cortical level involvement is minimal: when the animal is required to go over barriers in the travel path or is constrained to place its paws on a specific location (such as rungs of a ladder) the intensity (but not the phase) of the activity in ...
Bystander Attenuation Of Neuronal And Astrocyte
... Astrocytes respond to and release transmitters such as glutamate and extracellular ATP through increases in intracellular Ca2+ [25-28]. Astrocytes modulate synaptic activity and respond to the release of transmitters from neurons [25, 27, 29, 30]. Astrocytes communicate with one another; intercellul ...
... Astrocytes respond to and release transmitters such as glutamate and extracellular ATP through increases in intracellular Ca2+ [25-28]. Astrocytes modulate synaptic activity and respond to the release of transmitters from neurons [25, 27, 29, 30]. Astrocytes communicate with one another; intercellul ...