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... Injections of BDA can produce “Golgi-like” labeling of neurons, which allows the filled cells to be classified according to their dendritic morphology. Retrogradely labeled VCN cells were classified as “multipolar” based on their multiple primary dendrites and the relatively straight trajectory of t ...
... Injections of BDA can produce “Golgi-like” labeling of neurons, which allows the filled cells to be classified according to their dendritic morphology. Retrogradely labeled VCN cells were classified as “multipolar” based on their multiple primary dendrites and the relatively straight trajectory of t ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and with mo ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and with mo ...
Fibroblast growth factor modulates HIV coreceptor - SGF-5000
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... a neuron to transmit an impulse. The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the threshold. A stimulus that is weaker than the threshold produces no impulse. ...
... a neuron to transmit an impulse. The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the threshold. A stimulus that is weaker than the threshold produces no impulse. ...
Chunking of Action Sequences in the Cortex
... each making a small contribution, which suggests either a high rate of firing from a few neurons or coherent network activity from large number of neurons, is needed to make the projection neurons fire. The firing in the striatum is very dependent on specific contexts which implies that it corresponds t ...
... each making a small contribution, which suggests either a high rate of firing from a few neurons or coherent network activity from large number of neurons, is needed to make the projection neurons fire. The firing in the striatum is very dependent on specific contexts which implies that it corresponds t ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... While stimulating with such a figure-ground texture and recording neural spike activity in the primary visual cortex, two stages of neural processing after stimulus onset can be discerned. One dominated by the early (<100 msec) response transient, another occurring at relatively longer latencies (> ...
... While stimulating with such a figure-ground texture and recording neural spike activity in the primary visual cortex, two stages of neural processing after stimulus onset can be discerned. One dominated by the early (<100 msec) response transient, another occurring at relatively longer latencies (> ...
Autonomic NS
... • Linked by short nerves into sympathetic trunks • Joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communicantes • Fusion of ganglia fewer ganglia than spinal nerves ...
... • Linked by short nerves into sympathetic trunks • Joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communicantes • Fusion of ganglia fewer ganglia than spinal nerves ...
Binocular Disparity Review and the Perception of Depth
... Since Wheatstone’s discovery, students of vision science have used psychophysical, physiological, and computational methods to unravel the brain’s mechanisms of disparity computation. In 1960, Julez made the important contribution that stereo vision does not require monocular depth cues such as shad ...
... Since Wheatstone’s discovery, students of vision science have used psychophysical, physiological, and computational methods to unravel the brain’s mechanisms of disparity computation. In 1960, Julez made the important contribution that stereo vision does not require monocular depth cues such as shad ...
Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence
... when trying to understand adolescents’ responses to rejection. Moreover, assessing some of the neural processes underlying the relationship between interpersonal competence and responses to rejection may clarify some of the specific mechanisms (e.g. sensitivity to rejection and regulatory/coping abi ...
... when trying to understand adolescents’ responses to rejection. Moreover, assessing some of the neural processes underlying the relationship between interpersonal competence and responses to rejection may clarify some of the specific mechanisms (e.g. sensitivity to rejection and regulatory/coping abi ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... 8. The isolated mammalian spinal cord has functional ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes, ascending and descending pathways, extensive sensory integrative local area networks, and inhibitory interneuron circuits. Much of the/n vivo circuitry is functional/n vitro. 9. The isolated mammalian spinal ...
... 8. The isolated mammalian spinal cord has functional ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes, ascending and descending pathways, extensive sensory integrative local area networks, and inhibitory interneuron circuits. Much of the/n vivo circuitry is functional/n vitro. 9. The isolated mammalian spinal ...
Andrea Kádár
... neurons are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons terminate outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the external zone of the median eminence (ME) where TRH is secreted to the circulation. TRH stimulates the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) production of thyrotro ...
... neurons are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons terminate outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the external zone of the median eminence (ME) where TRH is secreted to the circulation. TRH stimulates the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) production of thyrotro ...
neural_networks
... quantitative aspect of the total pattern we associate with that individual. A feature can be an axis in a higher dimensional geometric space. Qualitative features can also be valued, as zero or one, for the absence or presence of a feature (e.g., ‘has a driver’s license’) We will only use non-negati ...
... quantitative aspect of the total pattern we associate with that individual. A feature can be an axis in a higher dimensional geometric space. Qualitative features can also be valued, as zero or one, for the absence or presence of a feature (e.g., ‘has a driver’s license’) We will only use non-negati ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the opposite direction in GP and STN. ...
... relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the opposite direction in GP and STN. ...
The Early Embryonic Development of Rhod nius prolixus (Hemiptera
... structure of'the yolk changed as development proceeded. At first it was a mass of small spheres of 40 /J, in diameter. Later, when the cleavage nuclei had reached the periphery and there was no longer a layer of cytoplasm round the yolk-globules, these seemed to run together, but their continuity wa ...
... structure of'the yolk changed as development proceeded. At first it was a mass of small spheres of 40 /J, in diameter. Later, when the cleavage nuclei had reached the periphery and there was no longer a layer of cytoplasm round the yolk-globules, these seemed to run together, but their continuity wa ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a mor ...
... Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a mor ...
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... convincing set of experiments, Wolff & Hafifen (1959, 1965) have shown that pieces of male duck GE cultured alone do not differentiate into a cortex, but they do when cultured with female medullary tissue. These data, together with the fact that ostrogens stimulate the male GE to differentiate into ...
... convincing set of experiments, Wolff & Hafifen (1959, 1965) have shown that pieces of male duck GE cultured alone do not differentiate into a cortex, but they do when cultured with female medullary tissue. These data, together with the fact that ostrogens stimulate the male GE to differentiate into ...
Topographic cues of nanoscale height direct neuronal growth pattern
... ß 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KEYWORDS: neuron growth; photolithography; nerve guide; topographic cues; nano-scale ridges; cell culture ...
... ß 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KEYWORDS: neuron growth; photolithography; nerve guide; topographic cues; nano-scale ridges; cell culture ...
neuropharmacology of spasticity
... An increased tonic stretch reflex resulting in velocity- and length-dependent hypertonia due to abnormal spinal processing of proprioceptive input ...
... An increased tonic stretch reflex resulting in velocity- and length-dependent hypertonia due to abnormal spinal processing of proprioceptive input ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... Calford & Webster, 1981). The major commonality of these two thalamocortical subsystems is the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). This nucleus projects to layer I of both AI and All, and to all other cortical auditory fields as well (Niimi & Naito, 1974; Wilson & Cragg, 1 ...
... Calford & Webster, 1981). The major commonality of these two thalamocortical subsystems is the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). This nucleus projects to layer I of both AI and All, and to all other cortical auditory fields as well (Niimi & Naito, 1974; Wilson & Cragg, 1 ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
A Functional Role for Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis during Axonal
... directly within their regenerating processes. These processes show growth similar to regenerating axons in vivo (Smith and Skene, 1997) and contain axonal but not dendritic proteins by immunostaining. These regenerating sensory axons contain -actin mRNA but not ␥-actin mRNA, consistent with the dif ...
... directly within their regenerating processes. These processes show growth similar to regenerating axons in vivo (Smith and Skene, 1997) and contain axonal but not dendritic proteins by immunostaining. These regenerating sensory axons contain -actin mRNA but not ␥-actin mRNA, consistent with the dif ...