The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... discharge steadily but stop firing during some or all saccades (omnipause neurons [OPNs]). Several models (e.g., Scudder 1988) have suggested how these neurons might participate in saccade generation. A trigger signal, probably from the SC, causes OPNs to pause their firing momentarily, which then d ...
... discharge steadily but stop firing during some or all saccades (omnipause neurons [OPNs]). Several models (e.g., Scudder 1988) have suggested how these neurons might participate in saccade generation. A trigger signal, probably from the SC, causes OPNs to pause their firing momentarily, which then d ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... numerous MB dendritic processes are packed in the calyx. It is unclear whether MB dendrites are distributed according to their clonal origins. It also remains to be determined whether distinct subtypes of MB neurons elaborate their dendrites in different calycal domains. In addition, the MB calyx ex ...
... numerous MB dendritic processes are packed in the calyx. It is unclear whether MB dendrites are distributed according to their clonal origins. It also remains to be determined whether distinct subtypes of MB neurons elaborate their dendrites in different calycal domains. In addition, the MB calyx ex ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... more (or less) probable than average was xt when a spike was received from that synapse. Thus, the weights are positively or negatively incremented depending on whether the probability of xt tends to be larger or smaller than its running average at the moment of the synaptic input. Similarly, learni ...
... more (or less) probable than average was xt when a spike was received from that synapse. Thus, the weights are positively or negatively incremented depending on whether the probability of xt tends to be larger or smaller than its running average at the moment of the synaptic input. Similarly, learni ...
Neurologic System The nervous system Central and peripheral
... Within the spinal cord, each spinal nerve separates into anterior and posterior roots. Motor or efferent fibers of the anterior root carry impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands of the body. Sensory or afferent fibers of the posterior root carry impulses from sensory receptors of th ...
... Within the spinal cord, each spinal nerve separates into anterior and posterior roots. Motor or efferent fibers of the anterior root carry impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands of the body. Sensory or afferent fibers of the posterior root carry impulses from sensory receptors of th ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... that the nucleus generates one output spike for every incoming spike, thereby working as a sign-inverting relay. In terms of information processing this corresponds to a multiplication with -1, one of the easiest manipulations possible. How would more complex transformations look like? A cell with o ...
... that the nucleus generates one output spike for every incoming spike, thereby working as a sign-inverting relay. In terms of information processing this corresponds to a multiplication with -1, one of the easiest manipulations possible. How would more complex transformations look like? A cell with o ...
PDF
... suggesting that pros and numb have independent functions in the CNS (E. P. S. and C. Q. D., unpublished results). Loss of numb does not affect the unequal cleavage of the MP2 precursor; rather, numb protein is localized in response to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared betwe ...
... suggesting that pros and numb have independent functions in the CNS (E. P. S. and C. Q. D., unpublished results). Loss of numb does not affect the unequal cleavage of the MP2 precursor; rather, numb protein is localized in response to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared betwe ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... sured (64 year old to 104 year old individual; German et al. 1988). However, an important anatomical and functional feature of this nucleus is that the LC proper is surrounded by a shell of LC neuron dendrites (Fig. 20.1) (Swanson, 1976) termed the pericerulear zone (Aston-Jones et al. 1995). The pe ...
... sured (64 year old to 104 year old individual; German et al. 1988). However, an important anatomical and functional feature of this nucleus is that the LC proper is surrounded by a shell of LC neuron dendrites (Fig. 20.1) (Swanson, 1976) termed the pericerulear zone (Aston-Jones et al. 1995). The pe ...
Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... This is the first report on an animal model of spinal kyphotic deformity. Spinal cord compression causes histologic changes in the spinal cord. In this study, as the “kyphosis progressed, an increase in the degree of flattening of the spinal cord and histologic changes, including the loss of anterio ...
... This is the first report on an animal model of spinal kyphotic deformity. Spinal cord compression causes histologic changes in the spinal cord. In this study, as the “kyphosis progressed, an increase in the degree of flattening of the spinal cord and histologic changes, including the loss of anterio ...
Behavioral and Pathological Effects in the Rat
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
Ectopic expression screen identifies genes affecting Drosophila
... adhesion may act to support mesoderm migration at gastrulation. To investigate how cells were able to migrate, nonetheless, in the absence of FGF signaling and also to discover additional components in the FGF pathway, we conducted a screen of a collection of UAS insertions located near cell-surface ...
... adhesion may act to support mesoderm migration at gastrulation. To investigate how cells were able to migrate, nonetheless, in the absence of FGF signaling and also to discover additional components in the FGF pathway, we conducted a screen of a collection of UAS insertions located near cell-surface ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... the axons of stellate neurons form the perforant path that innervates the dentate gyrus granule cells. We initially examined the long-term plasticity at the stellate neuron synapses. We recorded from the stellate neurons in layer II of the EC and stimulated the inputs from the deep layers by placing ...
... the axons of stellate neurons form the perforant path that innervates the dentate gyrus granule cells. We initially examined the long-term plasticity at the stellate neuron synapses. We recorded from the stellate neurons in layer II of the EC and stimulated the inputs from the deep layers by placing ...
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... • Since the spinal cord doesn’t extend to the end of the vertebral column, the spinal nerves emerging from the inferior end must travel through the vertebral canal until reaching the appropriate intervertebral foramina ...
... • Since the spinal cord doesn’t extend to the end of the vertebral column, the spinal nerves emerging from the inferior end must travel through the vertebral canal until reaching the appropriate intervertebral foramina ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... and superior laryngeal nerve inspiratory shortening reflex pathways (Karius et al. 1994). These variable findings regarding the role of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different auton ...
... and superior laryngeal nerve inspiratory shortening reflex pathways (Karius et al. 1994). These variable findings regarding the role of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different auton ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... location just before the saccade, and to the adjacent, counter-clockwise, location just before that. We focused our analysis on decoding the shift of attention between these locations because, as noted above, there were fewer trials with a greater (3 or 4) number of shifts of attention. To capture t ...
... location just before the saccade, and to the adjacent, counter-clockwise, location just before that. We focused our analysis on decoding the shift of attention between these locations because, as noted above, there were fewer trials with a greater (3 or 4) number of shifts of attention. To capture t ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Zokaei et al., 2014). In a memory-color paradigm, successful cross-classification of V1 activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert an ...
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Zokaei et al., 2014). In a memory-color paradigm, successful cross-classification of V1 activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert an ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... Making predictions about future rewards is an important ability for primates, and its neurophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively. One important approach is to identify neural systems that process errors related to reward prediction (i.e., areas that register the occurrence of unpred ...
... Making predictions about future rewards is an important ability for primates, and its neurophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively. One important approach is to identify neural systems that process errors related to reward prediction (i.e., areas that register the occurrence of unpred ...