Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... Songbirds learn and maintain their songs via auditory experience. Neurons in many telencephalic nuclei important to song production and development are song selective, firing more to forward auditory playback of the bird’s own song (BOS) than to reverse BOS or conspecific songs. Elucidating circuits ...
... Songbirds learn and maintain their songs via auditory experience. Neurons in many telencephalic nuclei important to song production and development are song selective, firing more to forward auditory playback of the bird’s own song (BOS) than to reverse BOS or conspecific songs. Elucidating circuits ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... Furthermore, damage to the SCN results in disruption of circadian function, confirming a role for this nucleus as the central clock. Intrinsically, individual neurons within the SCN generate their own autonomous rhythms in electrical activity, cellular metabolism, and gene expression independent of ...
... Furthermore, damage to the SCN results in disruption of circadian function, confirming a role for this nucleus as the central clock. Intrinsically, individual neurons within the SCN generate their own autonomous rhythms in electrical activity, cellular metabolism, and gene expression independent of ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... should be of value to researchers engaged in evaluating the impact of spinal cord injury and other spinal cord pathologies on the centers which give rise to descending pathways. Key words: descending spinal tracts, HRP, FG, retrograde tracing, precuneiform area, spinal cord injury. Introduction Path ...
... should be of value to researchers engaged in evaluating the impact of spinal cord injury and other spinal cord pathologies on the centers which give rise to descending pathways. Key words: descending spinal tracts, HRP, FG, retrograde tracing, precuneiform area, spinal cord injury. Introduction Path ...
Apparent Atypical Callosal Dysgenesis
... development of the cerebrum, in that they induce mitotic activity in the germinal matrix and the subsequent migration of these young neurons to form the cortical plate (Fig. 8). He has shown that essentially no developmental activity occurs in a region until the in-growth of these corticopetal fiber ...
... development of the cerebrum, in that they induce mitotic activity in the germinal matrix and the subsequent migration of these young neurons to form the cortical plate (Fig. 8). He has shown that essentially no developmental activity occurs in a region until the in-growth of these corticopetal fiber ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... between PPN and LDT effects were observed: whereas LDT axon stimulation decreased the ratio of spikes outside bursts to spikes inside bursts (decreasing the burst entropy) in the majority of cases, PPN stimulation tended to produce the opposite effect, disrupting the burst organization (Fig. 5e). Th ...
... between PPN and LDT effects were observed: whereas LDT axon stimulation decreased the ratio of spikes outside bursts to spikes inside bursts (decreasing the burst entropy) in the majority of cases, PPN stimulation tended to produce the opposite effect, disrupting the burst organization (Fig. 5e). Th ...
Nerve activates contraction
... •Processes outside the cell body •Dendrites—conduct impulses toward the cell body •Neurons may have hundreds of dendrites •Axons—conduct impulses away from the cell body •Neurons have only one axon arising from the cell body at the axon hillock ...
... •Processes outside the cell body •Dendrites—conduct impulses toward the cell body •Neurons may have hundreds of dendrites •Axons—conduct impulses away from the cell body •Neurons have only one axon arising from the cell body at the axon hillock ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
Adult Neuro 2015 - poster list
... Characterization of neural stem cell-derived reactive astrocytes in LPAR1-EGFP mice ...
... Characterization of neural stem cell-derived reactive astrocytes in LPAR1-EGFP mice ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... The subiculum functions as the main output structure of the hippocampus proper and gets its main inputs from the CA1 area and the entorhinal cortex as well as from other subcortical and cortical areas. Functionally, the subiculum plays a role in certain forms of spatial memory and in mnemonic proces ...
... The subiculum functions as the main output structure of the hippocampus proper and gets its main inputs from the CA1 area and the entorhinal cortex as well as from other subcortical and cortical areas. Functionally, the subiculum plays a role in certain forms of spatial memory and in mnemonic proces ...
Motor planning under unpredictable reward: modulations of
... The primate fronto-striatal system, which plays an important role in temporal coordination of goal-directed behavior, consists of a network of neuronal circuits that integrate spatial and timing information for behavioral purpose (Alexander and Crutcher 1990; Hoshi and Tanji, 2000; Staddon 2001; Mil ...
... The primate fronto-striatal system, which plays an important role in temporal coordination of goal-directed behavior, consists of a network of neuronal circuits that integrate spatial and timing information for behavioral purpose (Alexander and Crutcher 1990; Hoshi and Tanji, 2000; Staddon 2001; Mil ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... auditory thalamic neurons are immunopositive; 3) the density of immunoreactive puncta is independent of the number of GABAergic neurons in the thalamic divisions, with the ventral division having the largest number/unit area, the medial division about 75% of this value, and the dorsal division only ...
... auditory thalamic neurons are immunopositive; 3) the density of immunoreactive puncta is independent of the number of GABAergic neurons in the thalamic divisions, with the ventral division having the largest number/unit area, the medial division about 75% of this value, and the dorsal division only ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... other MMPs. Moreover, the positive co-regulation of pro-MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 also reflects the role that these three factors play in forming a complex to activate pro-MMP-2 (discussed in detail below). Apart from MMP-2, MMPs are regulated at the transcriptional level by phorbol esters, integrin ...
... other MMPs. Moreover, the positive co-regulation of pro-MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 also reflects the role that these three factors play in forming a complex to activate pro-MMP-2 (discussed in detail below). Apart from MMP-2, MMPs are regulated at the transcriptional level by phorbol esters, integrin ...
Formation of the dorsal marginal zone in Xenopus laevis analyzed
... The dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) of the amphibian embryo is a key embryonic region involved in body axis organization and neural induction. Using time-lapse microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we follow the pregastrula movements that lead to the formation of the DMZ of the stage 10 Xenopus e ...
... The dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) of the amphibian embryo is a key embryonic region involved in body axis organization and neural induction. Using time-lapse microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we follow the pregastrula movements that lead to the formation of the DMZ of the stage 10 Xenopus e ...
Three key sequences HDEV
... The basic units of the nervous system are cells called neurons. Neurons receive and transmit messages from one part of the body to another. The messages account for phenomena such as reflexes, the perception of an itch from a mosquito bite, the visual–motor coordination of a skier, the composition o ...
... The basic units of the nervous system are cells called neurons. Neurons receive and transmit messages from one part of the body to another. The messages account for phenomena such as reflexes, the perception of an itch from a mosquito bite, the visual–motor coordination of a skier, the composition o ...
ayano yoshikawa
... The days leading up to the year's end tend to be chaotic, but they also provide one with a valuable stimulus to look back on milestones passed and ahead to new objectives. As 2003 comes to a close, it's good to be able to take stock of the achievements made by researchers at the RIKEN Center for Dev ...
... The days leading up to the year's end tend to be chaotic, but they also provide one with a valuable stimulus to look back on milestones passed and ahead to new objectives. As 2003 comes to a close, it's good to be able to take stock of the achievements made by researchers at the RIKEN Center for Dev ...
memory systems in the brain
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
How We Know It Hurts: Item Analysis of Written - Saxelab
... the neural response; therefore analyses were also conducted including all three regressors simultaneously in a single model, with p thresholds at k.10, p,0.001, uncorrected. For regions of interest analyses, a set of ROIs was generated from a separate study in which participants directly viewed anot ...
... the neural response; therefore analyses were also conducted including all three regressors simultaneously in a single model, with p thresholds at k.10, p,0.001, uncorrected. For regions of interest analyses, a set of ROIs was generated from a separate study in which participants directly viewed anot ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... neurons in the developing cerebral cortex or hippocampus (suptrol animals, the cortex is normally organized into distinct layers plemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental with the cell-sparse layer I positioned closest to the pial surface material). Western blot analysis furth ...
... neurons in the developing cerebral cortex or hippocampus (suptrol animals, the cortex is normally organized into distinct layers plemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental with the cell-sparse layer I positioned closest to the pial surface material). Western blot analysis furth ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targets [37]. Based on these data, it is clear that association cortical areas have an important role to play in multimodally driven behaviours. Nevertheless, for many behaviors (if not all) and contexts, synthesis of information f ...
... the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targets [37]. Based on these data, it is clear that association cortical areas have an important role to play in multimodally driven behaviours. Nevertheless, for many behaviors (if not all) and contexts, synthesis of information f ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... were silenced. Finally, inactivating mushroom body neurons disrupted both aversive and attractive responses, suggesting that this brain structure is a candidate integration center for decision-making during Drosophila oviposition. We thus define sensory and central neurons critical to the process by ...
... were silenced. Finally, inactivating mushroom body neurons disrupted both aversive and attractive responses, suggesting that this brain structure is a candidate integration center for decision-making during Drosophila oviposition. We thus define sensory and central neurons critical to the process by ...
Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20
... object parts are related to one another by metrically precise spatial relations at multiple scales. That is, a given representation can be refined down to the shape and configural details necessary to distinguish it from other objects of similar coarse shape. For example, two different faces might hav ...
... object parts are related to one another by metrically precise spatial relations at multiple scales. That is, a given representation can be refined down to the shape and configural details necessary to distinguish it from other objects of similar coarse shape. For example, two different faces might hav ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... (0.11 mg / kg, i.m.) accompanied by atropine sulfate (0.05 mg / kg, i.m.), and a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved with sodium thiopental (initial dose 20 mg / kg, i.v., supplemented as needed). A tracheotomy was performed, and the animal intubated. The animal was then paralyzed with an intr ...
... (0.11 mg / kg, i.m.) accompanied by atropine sulfate (0.05 mg / kg, i.m.), and a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved with sodium thiopental (initial dose 20 mg / kg, i.v., supplemented as needed). A tracheotomy was performed, and the animal intubated. The animal was then paralyzed with an intr ...