Paper
... the Cebus monkey claustrum have not been previously described in detail. The appearance of the claustrum in frontal sections is generally consistent with that of other commonly used laboratory primate species, including the macaque (Pearson et al., 1982; Kowianski et al., 1999), vervet monkey (Kowia ...
... the Cebus monkey claustrum have not been previously described in detail. The appearance of the claustrum in frontal sections is generally consistent with that of other commonly used laboratory primate species, including the macaque (Pearson et al., 1982; Kowianski et al., 1999), vervet monkey (Kowia ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
SPECIAL TOPIC
... trilaminar embryo give rise to notochordal and prechordal mesoderm (Fig. 1). Simultaneously, the rostral ectoderm differentiates to form highly specialized neural crest cells, which are responsible for ultimate development of the brain and midline facial structures.1 The dual role of the prechordal ...
... trilaminar embryo give rise to notochordal and prechordal mesoderm (Fig. 1). Simultaneously, the rostral ectoderm differentiates to form highly specialized neural crest cells, which are responsible for ultimate development of the brain and midline facial structures.1 The dual role of the prechordal ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 2 ...
... TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 2 ...
Table of Contents
... In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibits muscle contraction because the increase in chloride conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuf ...
... In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibits muscle contraction because the increase in chloride conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuf ...
- Wiley Online Library
... population defined here as RTN also exists. For example, a subgroup (45%) of RTN neurons express galanin in rats (Stornetta et al. 2009). Although all RTN neurons examined so far have some type of respiratory modulation (Fig. 3C), this modulation comes in several patterns suggesting that RTN neuron ...
... population defined here as RTN also exists. For example, a subgroup (45%) of RTN neurons express galanin in rats (Stornetta et al. 2009). Although all RTN neurons examined so far have some type of respiratory modulation (Fig. 3C), this modulation comes in several patterns suggesting that RTN neuron ...
Experimental Embryology of the Vertebrate Eye
... by the relationship: V = N7+S+C, where V is lens volume, N is the number of lens cells, v is the mean volume of the lens cell, S is the volume of the extracellular space, and C is the volume of the lens capsule. Both S and C make extremely small contributions to the total lens volume at all stages d ...
... by the relationship: V = N7+S+C, where V is lens volume, N is the number of lens cells, v is the mean volume of the lens cell, S is the volume of the extracellular space, and C is the volume of the lens capsule. Both S and C make extremely small contributions to the total lens volume at all stages d ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... connections with prefrontal cortices may be involved in autonomic function. Ascending and descending connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortices may be involved in the evaluation of emotional stimuli and in the autonomic responses elicited by such stimuli. Hypothalamic connections w ...
... connections with prefrontal cortices may be involved in autonomic function. Ascending and descending connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortices may be involved in the evaluation of emotional stimuli and in the autonomic responses elicited by such stimuli. Hypothalamic connections w ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-beveled, 30 gauge needle (product 328438; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lake ...
... Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-beveled, 30 gauge needle (product 328438; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lake ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... Solomon 1984) but not stereotypy (mediated primarily by the mesostriatal DA system; Staton and Solomon 1984). In addition, Fos immunohistochemistry studies have shown that the NAC might be the common site of action of all APDs (Deutch et al. 1992; Robertson and Fibiger 1992). These findings have led ...
... Solomon 1984) but not stereotypy (mediated primarily by the mesostriatal DA system; Staton and Solomon 1984). In addition, Fos immunohistochemistry studies have shown that the NAC might be the common site of action of all APDs (Deutch et al. 1992; Robertson and Fibiger 1992). These findings have led ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
mecp2 and the epigenetic regulation of excitatory synaptic
... Accurate regulation of gene expression is critical for normal brain function. Many human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with mutations in genes important for controlling transcription. Mutations in one such gene, the transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG-binding pro ...
... Accurate regulation of gene expression is critical for normal brain function. Many human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with mutations in genes important for controlling transcription. Mutations in one such gene, the transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG-binding pro ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... less, we cannot exclude some error in the absolute value of the recorded membrane potential. The results of the present study would not be affected by a small offset in the absolute membrane potential except for a matching shift in the described value of the combined synaptic reversal potential requ ...
... less, we cannot exclude some error in the absolute value of the recorded membrane potential. The results of the present study would not be affected by a small offset in the absolute membrane potential except for a matching shift in the described value of the combined synaptic reversal potential requ ...
Using light to tell the time of day: sensory coding in the mammalian
... effectiveness when the candidate photoreceptors have similar spectral sensitivity, as for the nocturnal rodents (Fig. 2B) favoured for circadian studies (Provencio and Foster, 1995; Takahashi et al., 1984; Yoshimura and Ebihara, 1996). Thus, the development of transgenic mouse models lacking key pho ...
... effectiveness when the candidate photoreceptors have similar spectral sensitivity, as for the nocturnal rodents (Fig. 2B) favoured for circadian studies (Provencio and Foster, 1995; Takahashi et al., 1984; Yoshimura and Ebihara, 1996). Thus, the development of transgenic mouse models lacking key pho ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... temporal gyrus (ITG), which is known to be related to shortterm and long-term visual memory (Naya et al. 2001). The caudal region of the anterior STS receives input from the posterior ITG, as well as from the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), posterior parahippocampal areas (areas TF and TH), and prestria ...
... temporal gyrus (ITG), which is known to be related to shortterm and long-term visual memory (Naya et al. 2001). The caudal region of the anterior STS receives input from the posterior ITG, as well as from the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), posterior parahippocampal areas (areas TF and TH), and prestria ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signals”, showed only small correlations (magnitude) on short time scales (10200 ms). The strengths of ...
... width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signals”, showed only small correlations (magnitude) on short time scales (10200 ms). The strengths of ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for therefore often termed the medullary DH. The medullary DH is thought to play a major role in process ...
... divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for therefore often termed the medullary DH. The medullary DH is thought to play a major role in process ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... work revealed that unexpected presentation of a reward, acting as an unconditioned stimulus, leads to a phasic increase in dopaminergic activity in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. After classical conditioning of such a reward to a conditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus elicits a ...
... work revealed that unexpected presentation of a reward, acting as an unconditioned stimulus, leads to a phasic increase in dopaminergic activity in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. After classical conditioning of such a reward to a conditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus elicits a ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... et al., 1990; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; Rolls and Kesner, 2006). However, whether such differences arise from intrinsic properties of single cells or circuit effects is not well understood. Previous single cell studies failed to find reliable regional differences (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; Bos ...
... et al., 1990; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; Rolls and Kesner, 2006). However, whether such differences arise from intrinsic properties of single cells or circuit effects is not well understood. Previous single cell studies failed to find reliable regional differences (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; Bos ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... as well as by optical misalignment of the 2 eyes (Wiesel and Hubel, 1965). Can a single mechanism account for these varied experience-dependent synaptic modifications? Theoretical analyses over the past 2 decades have suggested that this could be the case, if synapses in the visual cortex modified a ...
... as well as by optical misalignment of the 2 eyes (Wiesel and Hubel, 1965). Can a single mechanism account for these varied experience-dependent synaptic modifications? Theoretical analyses over the past 2 decades have suggested that this could be the case, if synapses in the visual cortex modified a ...