cell - Āris Kaksis Riga Stradin`s University assistant professor
... Osmosis is organised for H2O and O2 movement against concentration gradients-difference of colligative properties ΔCosm= iΔCM through an Aquaporins across cell membranes to form the osmotic pressure: π= iΔCMRT (kPa) , where R=8,3144 J/(mol•K) universal gas constant, T temperature in Kelvin’s degree ...
... Osmosis is organised for H2O and O2 movement against concentration gradients-difference of colligative properties ΔCosm= iΔCM through an Aquaporins across cell membranes to form the osmotic pressure: π= iΔCMRT (kPa) , where R=8,3144 J/(mol•K) universal gas constant, T temperature in Kelvin’s degree ...
Cerebellum
... – Plasma – the fluid portion of the blood – Interstitial fluid (IF) – fluid in spaces between cells – Other ECF – lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eye humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and gastrointestinal secretions ...
... – Plasma – the fluid portion of the blood – Interstitial fluid (IF) – fluid in spaces between cells – Other ECF – lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eye humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and gastrointestinal secretions ...
Electric Potential Energy
... A positive charge accelerates from a region of higher electric potential toward a region of lower electric potential. A negative charge accelerates from a region of lower potential toward a region of higher potential. volt is a unit for measuring electric potential difference. ...
... A positive charge accelerates from a region of higher electric potential toward a region of lower electric potential. A negative charge accelerates from a region of lower potential toward a region of higher potential. volt is a unit for measuring electric potential difference. ...
Movement Through The cell New Notes
... 1. Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell by means of in-foldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. This pocket, breaks loose from the cell membrane and forms a type of vacuole within the cytoplasm. Large molecules, like food and other cells can be taken up by endocytosis. ...
... 1. Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell by means of in-foldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. This pocket, breaks loose from the cell membrane and forms a type of vacuole within the cytoplasm. Large molecules, like food and other cells can be taken up by endocytosis. ...
PowerPoint Slide Set Westen Psychology 2e
... NTs are stored within vesicles of the presynaptic cell NTs are released in response to the action potential sweeping along the presynaptic membrane Transmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors Receptor binding opens or closes ion channels: • NA c ...
... NTs are stored within vesicles of the presynaptic cell NTs are released in response to the action potential sweeping along the presynaptic membrane Transmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors Receptor binding opens or closes ion channels: • NA c ...
ion exchange
... The Principle of Ion Exchange The most common water softening method called "ion exchange," is a reversible chemical process of exchanging hard water ions for soft water ions. Calcium and magnesium are the hardness ions, sodium can be considered the "softness" ions and they are exchanged to creat ...
... The Principle of Ion Exchange The most common water softening method called "ion exchange," is a reversible chemical process of exchanging hard water ions for soft water ions. Calcium and magnesium are the hardness ions, sodium can be considered the "softness" ions and they are exchanged to creat ...
Introduction Membrane Permeation System Experimental
... Presented By: Rich Dominiak Laura Kuczynski John Roszko ...
... Presented By: Rich Dominiak Laura Kuczynski John Roszko ...
Molecules/Compounds/Chemical Bonds/Chemical Reactions
... Heat Loss – by activating sweat glands and allowing blood capillaries to flush towards the skin’s surface so heat can be dissipated Heat Retention – By not allowing blood capillaries to flush towards skin surface and keeping the warm blood deeper. ...
... Heat Loss – by activating sweat glands and allowing blood capillaries to flush towards the skin’s surface so heat can be dissipated Heat Retention – By not allowing blood capillaries to flush towards skin surface and keeping the warm blood deeper. ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... potential). Thus, when the concentration of K+ is higher inside than out, an inside-negative potential is measured across the K+-permeable neuronal membrane. For a simple hypothetical system with only one permeant ion species, the Nernst equation allows the electrical potential across the membrane a ...
... potential). Thus, when the concentration of K+ is higher inside than out, an inside-negative potential is measured across the K+-permeable neuronal membrane. For a simple hypothetical system with only one permeant ion species, the Nernst equation allows the electrical potential across the membrane a ...
Diffusion: Molecular Transport across Membranes
... selectively permeable cell membrane, but larger molecules or charged atoms or molecules (ions) cannot. Sometimes a cell needs to transport molecules that are too big or have too much charge to diffuse through the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell membrane allow certain ions and mo ...
... selectively permeable cell membrane, but larger molecules or charged atoms or molecules (ions) cannot. Sometimes a cell needs to transport molecules that are too big or have too much charge to diffuse through the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell membrane allow certain ions and mo ...
membrane potential
... The opening of ion channels in the plasma membrane converts the chemical potential energy of the ion gradients to electrical potential energy Ion channels are selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions to pass through A resting neuron has many open potassium channels, allowing K to fl ...
... The opening of ion channels in the plasma membrane converts the chemical potential energy of the ion gradients to electrical potential energy Ion channels are selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions to pass through A resting neuron has many open potassium channels, allowing K to fl ...
Neurons
... How nerve impulses are generated in a neuron The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of chemical changes across the membrane of the neuron. The membrane of an unstimulated neuron is polarized there is a difference in electrical charge between ...
... How nerve impulses are generated in a neuron The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of chemical changes across the membrane of the neuron. The membrane of an unstimulated neuron is polarized there is a difference in electrical charge between ...
Synapses and Synaptic Transmission
... INTRODUCTION TO SYNAPSE: The CNS contains more than 100 billion ...
... INTRODUCTION TO SYNAPSE: The CNS contains more than 100 billion ...
Cell membrane
... their concentration gradient, while active transport requires an investment of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient. ...
... their concentration gradient, while active transport requires an investment of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient. ...
Bio-261-chapter-3
... Sugars and D- alanine may be attached to these polymers providing antigenic determination. ...
... Sugars and D- alanine may be attached to these polymers providing antigenic determination. ...
chapt07_lecture
... a. Capillaries in the brain do not have pores between adjacent cells but are joined by tight junctions. b. Substances can only be moved by very selective processes of diffusion through endothelial cells, active transport, and bulk transport c. Movement is transcellular not paracellular d. Astrocytes ...
... a. Capillaries in the brain do not have pores between adjacent cells but are joined by tight junctions. b. Substances can only be moved by very selective processes of diffusion through endothelial cells, active transport, and bulk transport c. Movement is transcellular not paracellular d. Astrocytes ...
The Cell Membrane
... How about large molecules? Moving large molecules into & out of cell through vesicles & vacuoles ...
... How about large molecules? Moving large molecules into & out of cell through vesicles & vacuoles ...
Chapter 48 Nervous Systems
... Gated Na+ channels open, Na+ diffuses into the cell, and the inside of the membrane becomes less negative. These changes in membrane potential are called graded potentials because the magnitude of the change—either hyperpolarization or depolarization—varies with the strength of the stimulus. A l ...
... Gated Na+ channels open, Na+ diffuses into the cell, and the inside of the membrane becomes less negative. These changes in membrane potential are called graded potentials because the magnitude of the change—either hyperpolarization or depolarization—varies with the strength of the stimulus. A l ...
The Cell Membrane
... The protein anions inside the cells are non diffusible hinder the diffusion of ...
... The protein anions inside the cells are non diffusible hinder the diffusion of ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.