Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Chemiosmotic Theory
... from the matrix at the inside surface of the inner membrane, and the release of H+ at the outside surface (Figures 2 and 4). Protons are effectively moved (or "pumped") outwards across the inner membrane using energy released in the electron transport reactions. The movement of H+ makes the outer aq ...
... from the matrix at the inside surface of the inner membrane, and the release of H+ at the outside surface (Figures 2 and 4). Protons are effectively moved (or "pumped") outwards across the inner membrane using energy released in the electron transport reactions. The movement of H+ makes the outer aq ...
Foglia membrane and transport ppt
... Osmosis is just diffusion of water Water is very important to life, so we talk about water separately Diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water ...
... Osmosis is just diffusion of water Water is very important to life, so we talk about water separately Diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water ...
Chapter 12 - FIU Faculty Websites
... can be decorated with carbohydrates. 3.Membrane lipids are small amphipathic molecules that form closed bimolecular sheets that prevent the movement of polar or charged molecules. 4.Proteins serve to mitigate the impermeability of membranes and allow movement of molecules and information across the ...
... can be decorated with carbohydrates. 3.Membrane lipids are small amphipathic molecules that form closed bimolecular sheets that prevent the movement of polar or charged molecules. 4.Proteins serve to mitigate the impermeability of membranes and allow movement of molecules and information across the ...
chapt10_holes_lecture_animation
... • A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect to the outside of the membrane (which is then positively charged). • This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and the outside of the membran ...
... • A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect to the outside of the membrane (which is then positively charged). • This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and the outside of the membran ...
CellMembranes_print
... _____________________________________ _____________________________________ across a semi-permeable membrane ...
... _____________________________________ _____________________________________ across a semi-permeable membrane ...
The Neuromuscular Junction
... synaptic cleft side of the membrane of the motor end plate and more negative charge inside the muscle cell. When the chemically regulated ion channel opens, this charge reverses so now there is more negative charge in the synaptic cleft and more positive charge inside the cell. This occurs because m ...
... synaptic cleft side of the membrane of the motor end plate and more negative charge inside the muscle cell. When the chemically regulated ion channel opens, this charge reverses so now there is more negative charge in the synaptic cleft and more positive charge inside the cell. This occurs because m ...
Transport-modified - Brookings School District
... If an organism can’t maintain homeostasis, it will die. SO. . . Salt water fish urinate rarely and actively pump ions out through their gills Freshwater fish urinate constantly and actively pump ions in through their gills ...
... If an organism can’t maintain homeostasis, it will die. SO. . . Salt water fish urinate rarely and actively pump ions out through their gills Freshwater fish urinate constantly and actively pump ions in through their gills ...
Potential Energy Potential Energy of
... There is a certain net flux Φο through a Gaussian sphere of radius r enclosing an isolated charged particle. Suppose the enclosing Gaussian surface is changed to ...
... There is a certain net flux Φο through a Gaussian sphere of radius r enclosing an isolated charged particle. Suppose the enclosing Gaussian surface is changed to ...
Prokaryotic Membrane-Bound Organelles
... The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised o ...
... The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised o ...
Neurotransmission
... in some instances inhibiting) the generation of postsynaptic action potentials. B. At chemical synapses, there is no intercellular continuity, and thus no direct flow of current from pre- to postsynaptic cell. Synaptic current flows across the postsynaptic membrane only in response to the secretion ...
... in some instances inhibiting) the generation of postsynaptic action potentials. B. At chemical synapses, there is no intercellular continuity, and thus no direct flow of current from pre- to postsynaptic cell. Synaptic current flows across the postsynaptic membrane only in response to the secretion ...
The Cell Membrane
... Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out of cell AP Biology ...
... Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out of cell AP Biology ...
nervous system
... 10. Describe the parts and functions of the human brain 11. Explain how injuries, illness, and surgery provide insight into the functions of the brain 12. Describe the causes, symptoms, and treatments of schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer s disease, and Parkinson s disease ...
... 10. Describe the parts and functions of the human brain 11. Explain how injuries, illness, and surgery provide insight into the functions of the brain 12. Describe the causes, symptoms, and treatments of schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer s disease, and Parkinson s disease ...
... which separates an internal environment from a drastically different external medium. Although the total ionic concentration is similar on both sides of the bilayer, the concentration of specific ion species (for example, potassium ion (K+)) is different. The electrodiffusion of the ions down their ...
Cellular Membranes
... – 2 substances are moved in opposite directions • Some carriers passively transport substances down their respective concentration gradient • Other carriers actively transport substances up their respective concentration gradient – carriers called pumps hydrolyze a molecule of ATP and use the energy ...
... – 2 substances are moved in opposite directions • Some carriers passively transport substances down their respective concentration gradient • Other carriers actively transport substances up their respective concentration gradient – carriers called pumps hydrolyze a molecule of ATP and use the energy ...
The Cell Membrane
... Cell (compared to beaker) hypertonic or hypotonic Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out of cell ...
... Cell (compared to beaker) hypertonic or hypotonic Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out of cell ...
Science Lesson Plan Biology 111/112 Unit 1 – The Cell Cell
... Request a summary of the video from students. What two ways does soap work to remove dirt? Class discussion should be focused on two ways in which soap works to clean: 1. It is a surfactant What is a “surfactant?” A surfactant reduces the surface tension of water. How does this help in the removal o ...
... Request a summary of the video from students. What two ways does soap work to remove dirt? Class discussion should be focused on two ways in which soap works to clean: 1. It is a surfactant What is a “surfactant?” A surfactant reduces the surface tension of water. How does this help in the removal o ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.