Biology 12 Name: Nervous System Practice Exam Types of Neurons
... a) dendrite b) synapse c) cell body d) axon 11. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what is structure Y? a) dendrite b) synapse c) cell body d) axon 12. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what type of cell is the second neuron? a) sensory neuron b) motor neuron c) interneuro ...
... a) dendrite b) synapse c) cell body d) axon 11. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what is structure Y? a) dendrite b) synapse c) cell body d) axon 12. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what type of cell is the second neuron? a) sensory neuron b) motor neuron c) interneuro ...
(Extrinsic) Proteins
... • The cytosolic side of the pore begins as a water-filled channel that opens up into a water-filled cavity near the middle of the membrane. A narrow passage, the selectivity filter, links this cavity to the external solution. Three potassium ions (purple spheres) bind in the pore. The pore helices ( ...
... • The cytosolic side of the pore begins as a water-filled channel that opens up into a water-filled cavity near the middle of the membrane. A narrow passage, the selectivity filter, links this cavity to the external solution. Three potassium ions (purple spheres) bind in the pore. The pore helices ( ...
No Slide Title
... Is there an E-field at A? Yes, Enet points right. Two contributions add as vectors, yet the potential is zero! The potential is negative just right of A and positive just left of A. There is E if V changes. ...
... Is there an E-field at A? Yes, Enet points right. Two contributions add as vectors, yet the potential is zero! The potential is negative just right of A and positive just left of A. There is E if V changes. ...
Biochem1 2014 Recitation Chapter 11 – Lipids/Membrane Structure
... prominent in plasma membranes but barely detectable in mitochondrial membranes. Cardiolipin is a major component of the inner mitochondrial membrane but not of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol are relatively minor components of most membranes bu ...
... prominent in plasma membranes but barely detectable in mitochondrial membranes. Cardiolipin is a major component of the inner mitochondrial membrane but not of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol are relatively minor components of most membranes bu ...
Eagleman Ch 3. Neurons and Synapses
... How an Action Potential Travels In neurons at rest, there are more Na+ ions outside the cell and more K+ ions inside the cell. At threshold, voltage-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ ions to flow into the cell, down the chemical concentration and electrical gradients. Voltage-gated K+ chann ...
... How an Action Potential Travels In neurons at rest, there are more Na+ ions outside the cell and more K+ ions inside the cell. At threshold, voltage-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ ions to flow into the cell, down the chemical concentration and electrical gradients. Voltage-gated K+ chann ...
Cell Membrane Structure and Function
... Extracellular substances (ligands) bind to these receptors. When binding occurs, the coated pit forms a vesicle containing the ligand molecules. Notice that there are relatively more bound molecules (purple) inside the vesicle, other molecules (green) are also present. After this ingested material i ...
... Extracellular substances (ligands) bind to these receptors. When binding occurs, the coated pit forms a vesicle containing the ligand molecules. Notice that there are relatively more bound molecules (purple) inside the vesicle, other molecules (green) are also present. After this ingested material i ...
Ligand Gated Ion ch8
... • Moving receptors from ER to plasma membrane involves targeting the correct sites on the menbrane. • E.g., GABARAP found primarily in transport sites in Golgi, interacts with NSF (N-ethylamide fusion prot). GABARAP assoc spec with the γ2 subunit proteins of GABAA Rs and also binds tubulin. GABARAP ...
... • Moving receptors from ER to plasma membrane involves targeting the correct sites on the menbrane. • E.g., GABARAP found primarily in transport sites in Golgi, interacts with NSF (N-ethylamide fusion prot). GABARAP assoc spec with the γ2 subunit proteins of GABAA Rs and also binds tubulin. GABARAP ...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
... • Moving receptors from ER to plasma membrane involves targeting the correct sites on the menbrane. • E.g., GABARAP found primarily in transport sites in Golgi, interacts with NSF (N-ethylamide fusion prot). GABARAP assoc spec with the γ2 subunit proteins of GABAA Rs and also binds tubulin. GABARAP ...
... • Moving receptors from ER to plasma membrane involves targeting the correct sites on the menbrane. • E.g., GABARAP found primarily in transport sites in Golgi, interacts with NSF (N-ethylamide fusion prot). GABARAP assoc spec with the γ2 subunit proteins of GABAA Rs and also binds tubulin. GABARAP ...
PhD Scholarship in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
... To date, studies into the molecular mechanisms important for withstanding salinity stress have focused primarily on the transport and movement of sodium within the plant and the changes in primary metabolism required for cellular synthesis of compatible solutes to balance sal ...
... To date, studies into the molecular mechanisms important for withstanding salinity stress have focused primarily on the transport and movement of sodium within the plant and the changes in primary metabolism required for cellular synthesis of compatible solutes to balance sal ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes
... cytoplasm.. This environment actiivates the hy hydrolases and confiness their destruuctive work k to the ...
... cytoplasm.. This environment actiivates the hy hydrolases and confiness their destruuctive work k to the ...
Diffusion: Molecular Transport across Membranes
... into and out of the cell. Selectively permeable membranes are membranes which allow some substances to cross much more easily than other substances. As you know the process of diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient, from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration ...
... into and out of the cell. Selectively permeable membranes are membranes which allow some substances to cross much more easily than other substances. As you know the process of diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient, from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration ...
Document
... Membrane Carriers or Pumps • Transmembrane proteins bind to solutes and transfer them across membrane • Pumps = carriers that consume ATP ...
... Membrane Carriers or Pumps • Transmembrane proteins bind to solutes and transfer them across membrane • Pumps = carriers that consume ATP ...
Document
... Causes the membrane to become more permeable to potassium and chloride ions Leaves the charge on the inner surface negative Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
... Causes the membrane to become more permeable to potassium and chloride ions Leaves the charge on the inner surface negative Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
Nervous System
... • A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect to the outside of the membrane (which is then positively charged). • This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and the outside of the membran ...
... • A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect to the outside of the membrane (which is then positively charged). • This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and the outside of the membran ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES 1. Name the two
... The RMP of a nerve cell is measured to be -70 mV or millivolts (inside / outside). It is established by different concentrations of ions in/out, with high K+ in, high Na+, Cl-, Ca++, out; high negatively charged proteins (A-) in. The RMP is maintained by the Na+K+ATPase pump (active transport). ...
... The RMP of a nerve cell is measured to be -70 mV or millivolts (inside / outside). It is established by different concentrations of ions in/out, with high K+ in, high Na+, Cl-, Ca++, out; high negatively charged proteins (A-) in. The RMP is maintained by the Na+K+ATPase pump (active transport). ...
Qualitative Analysis Test for Ions
... chloride ions. In this test, dilute nitric acid is added to the solution, followed by the silver nitrate solution. A white precipitate shows the presence of chloride ions. Why must the dilute nitric acid be added to make this a reliable test? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. ...
... chloride ions. In this test, dilute nitric acid is added to the solution, followed by the silver nitrate solution. A white precipitate shows the presence of chloride ions. Why must the dilute nitric acid be added to make this a reliable test? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.