Chapt. 7-3 Cell Membrane and Osmosis Cell Membrane
... C. Equilibrium- state when particles are evenly distributed (isotonic solution) D. Osmosis- diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane (cell membrane). No energy required! E. Osmotic Pressure- the force exerted on a cell membrane by an unequal, concentration gradients F. Facilitated Diffusio ...
... C. Equilibrium- state when particles are evenly distributed (isotonic solution) D. Osmosis- diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane (cell membrane). No energy required! E. Osmotic Pressure- the force exerted on a cell membrane by an unequal, concentration gradients F. Facilitated Diffusio ...
Nervous System ch 11
... •Open when a neurotransmitter is attached to the receptor –Na+ enters the cell and K+ exits the cell Operation of a Gated Channel Voltage-Gated Channel •Ex: Na+ channel •Closed when intracellular environment is neg. –Na+ cannot enter the cell •Open when the intracellular environment is pos. –Na+ can ...
... •Open when a neurotransmitter is attached to the receptor –Na+ enters the cell and K+ exits the cell Operation of a Gated Channel Voltage-Gated Channel •Ex: Na+ channel •Closed when intracellular environment is neg. –Na+ cannot enter the cell •Open when the intracellular environment is pos. –Na+ can ...
Nervous Tissue
... – an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is called an IPSP • it results from the opening of ligand-gated Cl- or K+ channels • it causes the postsynaptic cell to become more negative or ...
... – an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is called an IPSP • it results from the opening of ligand-gated Cl- or K+ channels • it causes the postsynaptic cell to become more negative or ...
Chapter 8 Questions
... 7. Compare the functions of channel proteins and carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion. 8. Explain why the presence of dissolved particles on one side of a membrane results in diffusion of water across the membrane. 9. List two ways that a cell can move a substance against its concentration grad ...
... 7. Compare the functions of channel proteins and carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion. 8. Explain why the presence of dissolved particles on one side of a membrane results in diffusion of water across the membrane. 9. List two ways that a cell can move a substance against its concentration grad ...
2_DNA_structure
... •Transportation of particles by way of ion pumps, ion channels, and carrier proteins ...
... •Transportation of particles by way of ion pumps, ion channels, and carrier proteins ...
1) Which is NOT a characteristic of living organisms
... B) is when there is no net movement of an ion across a membrane. C) is when the resting membrane potential doesn’t change. D) is when the body maintains its internal environment at steady values. E) uses positive feed-forward mechanisms. 4) Which of the following is true about cell membranes? A) The ...
... B) is when there is no net movement of an ion across a membrane. C) is when the resting membrane potential doesn’t change. D) is when the body maintains its internal environment at steady values. E) uses positive feed-forward mechanisms. 4) Which of the following is true about cell membranes? A) The ...
Slide 1
... A particular neurotransmitter is not inherently excitatory or inhibitory – though it is often the case that a given neurotransmitter consistently plays a given role; e.g. glutamate as an excitatory transmiiter and GABA as an inhibitory transmitter. But, some transmitters (e.g. ACh) can be excitatory ...
... A particular neurotransmitter is not inherently excitatory or inhibitory – though it is often the case that a given neurotransmitter consistently plays a given role; e.g. glutamate as an excitatory transmiiter and GABA as an inhibitory transmitter. But, some transmitters (e.g. ACh) can be excitatory ...
Homework 4
... 1b. What does semi-permeable mean and how are the molecules arranged in a membrane to make it semi-permeable? ...
... 1b. What does semi-permeable mean and how are the molecules arranged in a membrane to make it semi-permeable? ...
Ch. 48 - 49
... Name the three types of neurons and their functions. Which make up the CNS and the PNS? Describe the main parts of a neuron. Describe what happens in a Reflex Arc. How are Nodes of Ranvier and Saltatory conduction related? What occurs at the synapse? ...
... Name the three types of neurons and their functions. Which make up the CNS and the PNS? Describe the main parts of a neuron. Describe what happens in a Reflex Arc. How are Nodes of Ranvier and Saltatory conduction related? What occurs at the synapse? ...
Physics 30 Concept Check 6 Concept: Calculate the electric
... Concept: Calculate the electric potential difference between two points in a uniform electric field ...
... Concept: Calculate the electric potential difference between two points in a uniform electric field ...
Cell Membrane
... Cell Membrane - allows materials in or out of the cell Consists of: 1) Lipid Bilayer- 2 layers of fat tissue 2) Proteins- embedded into membrane - help move materials across Cell Membranes are: Selectively Permeable- controls what materials are allowed to cross. ...
... Cell Membrane - allows materials in or out of the cell Consists of: 1) Lipid Bilayer- 2 layers of fat tissue 2) Proteins- embedded into membrane - help move materials across Cell Membranes are: Selectively Permeable- controls what materials are allowed to cross. ...
Practice Exam 4
... C. Different cells; different cells at different times D. Different cells; the same cell at different times E. None of the above ...
... C. Different cells; different cells at different times D. Different cells; the same cell at different times E. None of the above ...
CHAPTER EIGHT
... - the combination of channel diameter and negative charge leads to the passage of sodium because the ratio of pulling force to ionic diameter is far greater for sodium than any other ions. ...
... - the combination of channel diameter and negative charge leads to the passage of sodium because the ratio of pulling force to ionic diameter is far greater for sodium than any other ions. ...
Structure and Function of Membranes
... Fluidity: • Phospholipid molecules move around constantly • Fluidity regulated by different kinds of fatty acid (FA) tails: • More unsaturated FA, membrane stays fluid at lower temp (winter) • More saturated FA, membrane is more stable at high temperatures (summer) • Cholesterol embedded in animal ...
... Fluidity: • Phospholipid molecules move around constantly • Fluidity regulated by different kinds of fatty acid (FA) tails: • More unsaturated FA, membrane stays fluid at lower temp (winter) • More saturated FA, membrane is more stable at high temperatures (summer) • Cholesterol embedded in animal ...
Chapter 12
... 30. Explain the events of synaptic transmission. Electrical Synapses 31. Describe the properties of an electrical synapse, the way impulses are transmitted, and the advantages of an electrical synapse. Chemical Synapse 32. Define the anatomic, chemical, enzymatic, and receptor components of a chemic ...
... 30. Explain the events of synaptic transmission. Electrical Synapses 31. Describe the properties of an electrical synapse, the way impulses are transmitted, and the advantages of an electrical synapse. Chemical Synapse 32. Define the anatomic, chemical, enzymatic, and receptor components of a chemic ...
Structure and Function of Cells
... Strong, stiff, nonliving layer outside the cell membrane; can be made of cellulose Outermost living layer of the cell; elastic and flexible; contains pores Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane; consists of a jellylike substance that contains many organelles Large, oval structure in the c ...
... Strong, stiff, nonliving layer outside the cell membrane; can be made of cellulose Outermost living layer of the cell; elastic and flexible; contains pores Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane; consists of a jellylike substance that contains many organelles Large, oval structure in the c ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... • Voltage changes across the membrane Electrochemical Gradient • Ions flow along chemical gradient when they move from area of high concentration to area of low concentration • Ions flow along electrical gradient when they move toward area of opposite charge • Electrochemical gradient – the electric ...
... • Voltage changes across the membrane Electrochemical Gradient • Ions flow along chemical gradient when they move from area of high concentration to area of low concentration • Ions flow along electrical gradient when they move toward area of opposite charge • Electrochemical gradient – the electric ...
Ch. 7- Lecture #2 blanks
... D. Transport Proteins1. ________ in the membrane 2. Allow movement of substances in when needed 3. Allows for the movement of _____ products out of the cell ...
... D. Transport Proteins1. ________ in the membrane 2. Allow movement of substances in when needed 3. Allows for the movement of _____ products out of the cell ...
C9. Metal ions in biological systems
... • Produces electrical and chemical gradient across a cell membrane. • It plays a very important role in nerve cell membranes. • Transmission of nerve impulses. • Channel = tunnel-like trans membrane protein: Na+-K+ ATPase • K+ inside a cell • Na+ outside a cell • Cell surface membranes pump Na+ ions ...
... • Produces electrical and chemical gradient across a cell membrane. • It plays a very important role in nerve cell membranes. • Transmission of nerve impulses. • Channel = tunnel-like trans membrane protein: Na+-K+ ATPase • K+ inside a cell • Na+ outside a cell • Cell surface membranes pump Na+ ions ...
Active Transport BioFactsheet
... Bio Factsheets may be copied free of charge by teaching staff or students, provided that their school is a registered subscriber. No part of these Factsheets may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any other form or by any other means, without the prior permission of the ...
... Bio Factsheets may be copied free of charge by teaching staff or students, provided that their school is a registered subscriber. No part of these Factsheets may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any other form or by any other means, without the prior permission of the ...
Lecture nerve
... 1. Leakage (non-gated) or Resting channels: are always open, contribute to the resting potential -nerve cells have more K+ than Na+ leakage channels -so K+ leak channels contribute more to resting membrane potential than Na+ leak channels -leaking ions are pumped back to where they belong 2. Gated c ...
... 1. Leakage (non-gated) or Resting channels: are always open, contribute to the resting potential -nerve cells have more K+ than Na+ leakage channels -so K+ leak channels contribute more to resting membrane potential than Na+ leak channels -leaking ions are pumped back to where they belong 2. Gated c ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.