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... the agricultural area below KTA, or perhaps the seed rode in on a dirt bike, since part of KTA is used as a public motocross track on weekends. However, the infestation lies in a part of KTA that is heavily used for military training, the most likely cause for Chromolaena’s introduction. Occasionall ...
... the agricultural area below KTA, or perhaps the seed rode in on a dirt bike, since part of KTA is used as a public motocross track on weekends. However, the infestation lies in a part of KTA that is heavily used for military training, the most likely cause for Chromolaena’s introduction. Occasionall ...
Species` Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and
... species’ occurrence records with suites of environmental variables that can reasonably be expected to affect the species’ physiology and probability of persistence.The central premise of this approach is that the observed distribution of a species provides useful information as to the environmental ...
... species’ occurrence records with suites of environmental variables that can reasonably be expected to affect the species’ physiology and probability of persistence.The central premise of this approach is that the observed distribution of a species provides useful information as to the environmental ...
Herron-SweetC0814 - ScholarWorks
... Centaurea stoebe is one of the most common and problematic invasive plants in the western United States and Canada. To fully comprehend C. stoebe’s impact on native organisms and enhance methods for its control, we must come to a better understanding of how it integrates into the ecological networks ...
... Centaurea stoebe is one of the most common and problematic invasive plants in the western United States and Canada. To fully comprehend C. stoebe’s impact on native organisms and enhance methods for its control, we must come to a better understanding of how it integrates into the ecological networks ...
Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
... region. Scientists believe that, while it is important to maintain the advantages of controlling livestock pests by using veterinary chemicals, the adverse side effects of these on dung fauna are of considerable concern. ...
... region. Scientists believe that, while it is important to maintain the advantages of controlling livestock pests by using veterinary chemicals, the adverse side effects of these on dung fauna are of considerable concern. ...
Section 1 How Organisms Interact in Communities
... silently read Section 2. Remind students to study the captions, diagrams, and illustrations as they read. After completing the ...
... silently read Section 2. Remind students to study the captions, diagrams, and illustrations as they read. After completing the ...
Predation‐Competition Interactions for Seasonally Recruiting Species.
... parameters, such as maximum productivity and survival, have important roles in fluctuation-dependent species coexistence in that they introduce nonlinearities into population growth rates and cause endogenous population fluctuations, which can activate the coexistence mechanism termed “relative nonl ...
... parameters, such as maximum productivity and survival, have important roles in fluctuation-dependent species coexistence in that they introduce nonlinearities into population growth rates and cause endogenous population fluctuations, which can activate the coexistence mechanism termed “relative nonl ...
15. NEW WORLD NECTAR-FEEDING VERTEBRATES
... Moreno-Valdez 2000). Within tropical latitudes, seasonal changes in the composition of hummingbird communities occur as a result of both altitudinal and latitudinal migrations. At six well-studied sites in Costa Rica, for example, the proportion of migrant species ranged from 12 to 60 percent (Table ...
... Moreno-Valdez 2000). Within tropical latitudes, seasonal changes in the composition of hummingbird communities occur as a result of both altitudinal and latitudinal migrations. At six well-studied sites in Costa Rica, for example, the proportion of migrant species ranged from 12 to 60 percent (Table ...
Clonal growth and plant species abundance - Clo-Pla
... (see e.g. Westoby, 1998). However, the soft traits that have traditionally been used in examinations of trait – abundance relationships have not included any that represent the capacity for lateral spreading by clonal growth. This capacity is a key attribute for many perennial herbaceous plants (Kli ...
... (see e.g. Westoby, 1998). However, the soft traits that have traditionally been used in examinations of trait – abundance relationships have not included any that represent the capacity for lateral spreading by clonal growth. This capacity is a key attribute for many perennial herbaceous plants (Kli ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions
... whether synchrony is driven by species-specific responses to environmental conditions or interspecific competition (Hautier et al. 2014). If responses to environment are important, then environmental change could alter synchrony and stability. If competition is important, then the direct effects of ...
... whether synchrony is driven by species-specific responses to environmental conditions or interspecific competition (Hautier et al. 2014). If responses to environment are important, then environmental change could alter synchrony and stability. If competition is important, then the direct effects of ...
CO2, nitrogen, and diversity differentially affect seed production of
... form); and (3) seed production responses to global change match productivity responses. We found that, on average, allocation to seed production decreased under elevated CO2, although individual species responses were rarely significant due to low power (CO2 treatment df ¼ 2). The effects of nitrogen ...
... form); and (3) seed production responses to global change match productivity responses. We found that, on average, allocation to seed production decreased under elevated CO2, although individual species responses were rarely significant due to low power (CO2 treatment df ¼ 2). The effects of nitrogen ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... consumed by herbivores, but also pollinated by insects); these are instances of multigraphs. Another development accounts for the fact that ecological interactions may have an effect on one another, as proposed by e.g. Golubski & Abrams (2011); these are hypergraphs. Hypergraphs are useful when inte ...
... consumed by herbivores, but also pollinated by insects); these are instances of multigraphs. Another development accounts for the fact that ecological interactions may have an effect on one another, as proposed by e.g. Golubski & Abrams (2011); these are hypergraphs. Hypergraphs are useful when inte ...
Phylogenetic diversity of plants alters the effect of species
... system in southern Ontario, I surveyed communities of plants and measured levels of leaf damage on 27 species in 38 plots. I calculated a measure of phylogenetic diversity (PSE) that encapsulates information about the amount of evolutionary history represented in each of the plots and looked for a r ...
... system in southern Ontario, I surveyed communities of plants and measured levels of leaf damage on 27 species in 38 plots. I calculated a measure of phylogenetic diversity (PSE) that encapsulates information about the amount of evolutionary history represented in each of the plots and looked for a r ...
Reprinted - RERO DOC
... interactions – interactions between members of the same species - are of course essential for survival and reproduction. They are very rich and give rise to complex hierarchical patterns of structured interactions. Intraspecific interactions will not be tackled in this chapter – with the exception o ...
... interactions – interactions between members of the same species - are of course essential for survival and reproduction. They are very rich and give rise to complex hierarchical patterns of structured interactions. Intraspecific interactions will not be tackled in this chapter – with the exception o ...
A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
... 1954, and Connell and Slatyer in 1977. Other theories describing community change include state and transition models, biological legacy theory, and the application of functional traits to predict responses to disturbance. Second, we identify areas of overlap of these theories, in addition to highli ...
... 1954, and Connell and Slatyer in 1977. Other theories describing community change include state and transition models, biological legacy theory, and the application of functional traits to predict responses to disturbance. Second, we identify areas of overlap of these theories, in addition to highli ...
... Nevertheless, the nature of many restoration target communities, i.e., diverse, late-successional communities, suggests that restoration may control weeds and that the invasibility of plant communities may decrease with both diversity and successional age. Given the high cost of weed control in nona ...
Species interactions on the biome transition zone in
... to summer moisture and increase its plant cover dramatically relative to blue grama. Thus, plots with different combinations of blue and black grama respond differently to the environmental conditions during a given year (Gosz, 1993). Heavy grazing pressure in this region of New Mexico can reduce su ...
... to summer moisture and increase its plant cover dramatically relative to blue grama. Thus, plots with different combinations of blue and black grama respond differently to the environmental conditions during a given year (Gosz, 1993). Heavy grazing pressure in this region of New Mexico can reduce su ...
Beavers and biodiversity: the ethics of ecological restoration
... distinction between human artifacts (e.g., restored ecosystems) and natural entities. We should understand “that there is a realm of value with which we should not interfere. . . We cannot be the masters of nature, molding nature to our wishes and desires, without destroying the value of nature” (ib ...
... distinction between human artifacts (e.g., restored ecosystems) and natural entities. We should understand “that there is a realm of value with which we should not interfere. . . We cannot be the masters of nature, molding nature to our wishes and desires, without destroying the value of nature” (ib ...
Guide to Native Grassland Management in
... are well adapted to coexist with grazing animals, but a number of plants have been accidentally or purposely brought into the United States. These introduced species are often difficult to manage because they lack natural control agents. Others, such as smooth brome, musk thistle, and tall fescue ha ...
... are well adapted to coexist with grazing animals, but a number of plants have been accidentally or purposely brought into the United States. These introduced species are often difficult to manage because they lack natural control agents. Others, such as smooth brome, musk thistle, and tall fescue ha ...
Species richness and evenness respond in a
... richness was negatively correlated with soil P, whereas evenness was negatively correlated with soil organic C:N ratio. These results suggest that simple positive, linear relationships between richness and evenness are not necessarily the norm, and the ecological causes of these deviations from posi ...
... richness was negatively correlated with soil P, whereas evenness was negatively correlated with soil organic C:N ratio. These results suggest that simple positive, linear relationships between richness and evenness are not necessarily the norm, and the ecological causes of these deviations from posi ...
Chapter 15. - Invasive.Org
... Since it was introduced to the Galápagos in 1982 (on incoming ornamental plants), I. purchasi has colonized 15 islands in the archipelago. The spread of this scale insect has been attributed to human activity and dispersal by wind currents (Roque-Albelo and Causton, 1999). Damage by this sap feeding ...
... Since it was introduced to the Galápagos in 1982 (on incoming ornamental plants), I. purchasi has colonized 15 islands in the archipelago. The spread of this scale insect has been attributed to human activity and dispersal by wind currents (Roque-Albelo and Causton, 1999). Damage by this sap feeding ...
Türk
... been unwittingly carried around the world by humans, often for many hundreds of kilometers (Lever, 1944). The species has been found throughout North America, Asia, Africa, and Europe (Mainx 1964; Robinson 1975). M. scalaris is primarily a warm climate species whose distribution extends into souther ...
... been unwittingly carried around the world by humans, often for many hundreds of kilometers (Lever, 1944). The species has been found throughout North America, Asia, Africa, and Europe (Mainx 1964; Robinson 1975). M. scalaris is primarily a warm climate species whose distribution extends into souther ...
INSECTS ON PLANTS: Diversity of Herbivore Assemblages Revisited
... (a function of plant height times leaf length) correlate with the numbers of herbivores (Leather 1986). For German tree genera, host area, size, and postglacial age of establishment explained 88% of variation in herbivore richness (Brändle & Brandl 2001), whereas taxonomic relatedness did not contr ...
... (a function of plant height times leaf length) correlate with the numbers of herbivores (Leather 1986). For German tree genera, host area, size, and postglacial age of establishment explained 88% of variation in herbivore richness (Brändle & Brandl 2001), whereas taxonomic relatedness did not contr ...
Dear Colleague
... population dynamics, and stochasticity on observed species distribution patterns? 126. Do observed population trajectories reflect equilibria or transient dynamics? Do the transient population dynamics observed in mathematical models occur rarely, often, or ubiquitously in real populations? 127. Is ...
... population dynamics, and stochasticity on observed species distribution patterns? 126. Do observed population trajectories reflect equilibria or transient dynamics? Do the transient population dynamics observed in mathematical models occur rarely, often, or ubiquitously in real populations? 127. Is ...
Habitat Selection by Two Competing Species in a Two
... shape of isolegs from the assumption that both species follow IFD across the habitats. We study both the situation in which both species show initial preference for the same part of the environment (Abramsky et al. 1990; Ziv et al. 1995) and the situation in which both species prefer different habit ...
... shape of isolegs from the assumption that both species follow IFD across the habitats. We study both the situation in which both species show initial preference for the same part of the environment (Abramsky et al. 1990; Ziv et al. 1995) and the situation in which both species prefer different habit ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.