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The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in
... In the multitrophic system, the relationship between diversity and properties of total trophic level biomass are not always similar at both trophic levels. At the herbivore level, total herbivore biomass saturates at high diversity and can even decrease in some cases (Fig. 1). This saturation and po ...
... In the multitrophic system, the relationship between diversity and properties of total trophic level biomass are not always similar at both trophic levels. At the herbivore level, total herbivore biomass saturates at high diversity and can even decrease in some cases (Fig. 1). This saturation and po ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine
... synchrony should be determined by the covariance of species’ responses to the environment (Loreau and de Mazancourt 2008). However, this prediction relies on a relatively simple population model and depends on two restrictive assumptions: (1) species’ responses to the environment are similar in magn ...
... synchrony should be determined by the covariance of species’ responses to the environment (Loreau and de Mazancourt 2008). However, this prediction relies on a relatively simple population model and depends on two restrictive assumptions: (1) species’ responses to the environment are similar in magn ...
Trophic complementarity drives the biodiversityecosystem
... other either through the use of different resources, being consumed by different predators, or both. In other words, we define trophic complementarity as the ‘originality’ of a species in a food web relative to the other ones, based on the identity of the species it interacts with. Even in the absen ...
... other either through the use of different resources, being consumed by different predators, or both. In other words, we define trophic complementarity as the ‘originality’ of a species in a food web relative to the other ones, based on the identity of the species it interacts with. Even in the absen ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions
... correlations (synchronizing effect) offset by strong competition (desynchronizing effect), or negative environmental correlations and weak competition. The best way to quantify the effects of environmental stochasticity, demographic stochasticity, and interspecific interactions is to remove them one ...
... correlations (synchronizing effect) offset by strong competition (desynchronizing effect), or negative environmental correlations and weak competition. The best way to quantify the effects of environmental stochasticity, demographic stochasticity, and interspecific interactions is to remove them one ...
Behavioral Interactions Among Four Species of the Salamander
... Abstract. Four sympatric species: Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. monticola, D. fuscus, and D. ochrophaeus, showed different substrate preferences in experimental trials. In addition, the choices of substrates and of cover objects were influenced by the presence of other salamanders. Significant di ...
... Abstract. Four sympatric species: Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. monticola, D. fuscus, and D. ochrophaeus, showed different substrate preferences in experimental trials. In addition, the choices of substrates and of cover objects were influenced by the presence of other salamanders. Significant di ...
Seedling survival and seed size
... species. However, if both large- and small-seeded strategies are to persist, individuals of both strategies must produce, on average, one surviving offspring during the course of their life. One hypothesis is that large-seeded species make up for their seed production disadvantage © 2004 British Eco ...
... species. However, if both large- and small-seeded strategies are to persist, individuals of both strategies must produce, on average, one surviving offspring during the course of their life. One hypothesis is that large-seeded species make up for their seed production disadvantage © 2004 British Eco ...
Seed germination traits of two plant functional
... germination dynamics and natural distribution of plant species. He used 27 coastal plant species, and grouped them into three types according to their germination responses to salinity treatments, finding that their natural distribution could be explained partially by their germination traits. Leyer ...
... germination dynamics and natural distribution of plant species. He used 27 coastal plant species, and grouped them into three types according to their germination responses to salinity treatments, finding that their natural distribution could be explained partially by their germination traits. Leyer ...
smut pathogens specialized on Dianthus hosts - Université Paris-Sud
... mid-August, with D. deltoides and D. sylvestris flowering marginally earlier in the season. Sampling was carried out in 19 valleys, within which populations/communities of a Dianthus species were defined as collections separated by at least 100 m; a community was a collection site with more than one ...
... mid-August, with D. deltoides and D. sylvestris flowering marginally earlier in the season. Sampling was carried out in 19 valleys, within which populations/communities of a Dianthus species were defined as collections separated by at least 100 m; a community was a collection site with more than one ...
The Conservation and Ecology of Carnivorous Plants
... remain unanswered. Unfortunately, at the present time, many carnivorous plants are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. Indeed, over half of the carnivorous plant species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are listed as ‘threatened’, but the thr ...
... remain unanswered. Unfortunately, at the present time, many carnivorous plants are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. Indeed, over half of the carnivorous plant species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are listed as ‘threatened’, but the thr ...
An experimental framework to identify community functional
... mass ratio hypothesis) and (ii) the degree to which trait values differ between species in a community, quantified by different indices of functional diversity (FD; related to non-additive community effects). The uncertainty on the relative effect of these two components is stimulating an increasing ...
... mass ratio hypothesis) and (ii) the degree to which trait values differ between species in a community, quantified by different indices of functional diversity (FD; related to non-additive community effects). The uncertainty on the relative effect of these two components is stimulating an increasing ...
Effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success in marine
... to assess the effect of disturbance on resident species and recent invaders, ascidian growth form (i.e. colonial and solitary growth form), and the dominant species-specific responses within the community. Community age was an additional factor considered through manipulation of 5-wk old assemblages ...
... to assess the effect of disturbance on resident species and recent invaders, ascidian growth form (i.e. colonial and solitary growth form), and the dominant species-specific responses within the community. Community age was an additional factor considered through manipulation of 5-wk old assemblages ...
CRP-SAFE for Karner Blue Butterflies
... butterfly. Along with the goal of expanding Karner blue populations, CRP-SAFE benefits numerous natural resources by reducing soil loss and sedimentation, improving surface and groundwater quality, and enhancing habitat for beneficial insects and wildlife. Many of the insects that would use this hab ...
... butterfly. Along with the goal of expanding Karner blue populations, CRP-SAFE benefits numerous natural resources by reducing soil loss and sedimentation, improving surface and groundwater quality, and enhancing habitat for beneficial insects and wildlife. Many of the insects that would use this hab ...
Chapter [Click here and type chapter number]
... = no listing. R = listed as rare under the California Native Plant Protection Act. This category is no longer used for newly listed plants, but some plants previously listed as rare retain the designation. CNPS 1B = List 1B species: rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. ...
... = no listing. R = listed as rare under the California Native Plant Protection Act. This category is no longer used for newly listed plants, but some plants previously listed as rare retain the designation. CNPS 1B = List 1B species: rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: DO SPECIES
... bottleneck in our ability to quantify biological diversity fully? How can we make ecological predictions at the scale appropriate to the current and future problems that need to be addressed? What kind of data do we need to tackle the problems? What are the important interactions and ecological proc ...
... bottleneck in our ability to quantify biological diversity fully? How can we make ecological predictions at the scale appropriate to the current and future problems that need to be addressed? What kind of data do we need to tackle the problems? What are the important interactions and ecological proc ...
Torquay 2010 - Australasian Wildlife Management Society
... This volume is a pre-conference compilation of abstracts. The contents have not been peer-reviewed and abstracts have been printed as received from submitting authors except for minor editing. In many cases the contents contain preliminary results only. Any advice provided in this publication is int ...
... This volume is a pre-conference compilation of abstracts. The contents have not been peer-reviewed and abstracts have been printed as received from submitting authors except for minor editing. In many cases the contents contain preliminary results only. Any advice provided in this publication is int ...
Volume 22
... have negatively affected many populations of native vertebrates (Bonnaud et al. 2010a, Medina et al. 2011). Because many vertebrates that are native to oceanic islands evolved in the absence of mammalian predators such as cats, they are extremely vulnerable to cat predation and many cannot co-exist ...
... have negatively affected many populations of native vertebrates (Bonnaud et al. 2010a, Medina et al. 2011). Because many vertebrates that are native to oceanic islands evolved in the absence of mammalian predators such as cats, they are extremely vulnerable to cat predation and many cannot co-exist ...
Diversity and ecosystem functioning: Litter decomposition
... rates of individual leaf litter types. For this, the expected amount of dry weight remaining in leaf mixtures (Re ) was calculated by using the observed mass loss of individual leaf litter types, assuming no diversity effects. We used the formula: [Re = mi × pmi ], with mi = initial mass of leaves ...
... rates of individual leaf litter types. For this, the expected amount of dry weight remaining in leaf mixtures (Re ) was calculated by using the observed mass loss of individual leaf litter types, assuming no diversity effects. We used the formula: [Re = mi × pmi ], with mi = initial mass of leaves ...
Primary Succession and Ecosystem Rehabilitation
... course of Western civilization. Global climates were disrupted by gigantic volcanic explosions such as Taupo in New Zealand (A.D. 186), Krakatoa in Indonesia (c . A.D. 535 and 1883) and Laki in Iceland (A.D. 1783). We are gaining a better historical understanding of climate change through examinatio ...
... course of Western civilization. Global climates were disrupted by gigantic volcanic explosions such as Taupo in New Zealand (A.D. 186), Krakatoa in Indonesia (c . A.D. 535 and 1883) and Laki in Iceland (A.D. 1783). We are gaining a better historical understanding of climate change through examinatio ...
Ecology, Second Edition
... Introduction 306 CONCEPT 14.1 In positive interactions, neither species is harmed and the benefits of the interaction are greater than the costs for at least one species. 306 Positive Interactions 306 CONCEPT 14.2 Each partner in a mutualistic interaction acts in ways that serve its own ecological a ...
... Introduction 306 CONCEPT 14.1 In positive interactions, neither species is harmed and the benefits of the interaction are greater than the costs for at least one species. 306 Positive Interactions 306 CONCEPT 14.2 Each partner in a mutualistic interaction acts in ways that serve its own ecological a ...
Demographic controls of aboveground forest biomass across North
... Variation in community-level growth or mortality can arise through different combinations of species and spatial effects on demographic performance. We distinguish four cases, depicted conceptually in Fig. 2. In the first case, we expect that species performance does not change across clusters, and ...
... Variation in community-level growth or mortality can arise through different combinations of species and spatial effects on demographic performance. We distinguish four cases, depicted conceptually in Fig. 2. In the first case, we expect that species performance does not change across clusters, and ...
Strategy shifts in leaf physiology, structure and nutrient
... least five individuals could be found (except Exocarpos aphyllus, three individuals only). In order to obtain sufficient species at the species-poor, drier sites, two subsites located several kilometres apart were sampled for each site type. Initially the study design was limited to dicots only, but ...
... least five individuals could be found (except Exocarpos aphyllus, three individuals only). In order to obtain sufficient species at the species-poor, drier sites, two subsites located several kilometres apart were sampled for each site type. Initially the study design was limited to dicots only, but ...
Self-limitation as an explanation for species` relative abundances
... prevalence of rare species are also likely candidates to be affecting their persistence. It is reasonable to expect that self-limitation should also promote the persistence of rare species by buffering them from extremely low population numbers. To examine whether self-limitation can help rare-speci ...
... prevalence of rare species are also likely candidates to be affecting their persistence. It is reasonable to expect that self-limitation should also promote the persistence of rare species by buffering them from extremely low population numbers. To examine whether self-limitation can help rare-speci ...
Interspecific Competition and Species Co
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... content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. ...
The Effect of Deer and Method of Removal of Invasive Lonicera
... effects. The response of the native herb community to the presence of standing dead stems ...
... effects. The response of the native herb community to the presence of standing dead stems ...
Succession of Wood-inhabiting Fungal Communities
... The interplay between trees and wood-inhabiting fungi is a key process in forest ecosystems. As trees grow, woody biomass accumulates; when trees die, fungi recycle the carbon and minerals that were fixed during the growth of the trees (Schwarze, 2007). The evolution of woody plants led to the forma ...
... The interplay between trees and wood-inhabiting fungi is a key process in forest ecosystems. As trees grow, woody biomass accumulates; when trees die, fungi recycle the carbon and minerals that were fixed during the growth of the trees (Schwarze, 2007). The evolution of woody plants led to the forma ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.