Modelling Food Webs Abstract 1 Introduction
... containing more than 100 species [10]-[13]. The next most important quantity associated with a food web is a measure of the number of the interactions between the species. This is frequently taken to be the ratio L/S, the total number of predator-prey links, L, divided by the total number of specie ...
... containing more than 100 species [10]-[13]. The next most important quantity associated with a food web is a measure of the number of the interactions between the species. This is frequently taken to be the ratio L/S, the total number of predator-prey links, L, divided by the total number of specie ...
Introducing the NSW Threatened Species Priorities Action Statement
... In NSW over 840 species, 35 populations and 75 ecological communities are threatened. They are classified under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) as either ‘critically endangered,’ ‘endangered’ or ‘vulnerable.’ Many of these species are also considered threatened nationally ...
... In NSW over 840 species, 35 populations and 75 ecological communities are threatened. They are classified under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) as either ‘critically endangered,’ ‘endangered’ or ‘vulnerable.’ Many of these species are also considered threatened nationally ...
Fallopia japonica
... New Zealand. The distribution of F. sachalinensis in Europe is similar to that of F. japonica but it does not occur quite as far south. It is also reported from USA, Canada, New Zealand and naturalized in S Japan. Trend All three taxa are increasing. The hybrid is competitive and is spreading at a f ...
... New Zealand. The distribution of F. sachalinensis in Europe is similar to that of F. japonica but it does not occur quite as far south. It is also reported from USA, Canada, New Zealand and naturalized in S Japan. Trend All three taxa are increasing. The hybrid is competitive and is spreading at a f ...
articolo completo - Società Italiana Scienza della
... the functional aspects of the ecosystems. There are two main hypothesis about the functional role of biological diversity in ecosystems: 1. The redundancy hypothesis says that several species of one ecosystem play similar roles and thus are at least partially redundant. If one of them is lost no imp ...
... the functional aspects of the ecosystems. There are two main hypothesis about the functional role of biological diversity in ecosystems: 1. The redundancy hypothesis says that several species of one ecosystem play similar roles and thus are at least partially redundant. If one of them is lost no imp ...
Chapter 53
... Can Parasites Manipulate Their Hosts? • In some instances, parasites do manipulate their hosts. • For example, nematodes (roundworms) parasitize a species of treedwelling ants and lay eggs in the ant’s posterior-most body region, causing it to appear red instead of the normal black color. • Infecte ...
... Can Parasites Manipulate Their Hosts? • In some instances, parasites do manipulate their hosts. • For example, nematodes (roundworms) parasitize a species of treedwelling ants and lay eggs in the ant’s posterior-most body region, causing it to appear red instead of the normal black color. • Infecte ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Further
... 4. How important are diversity effects—that is, how large are they relative to effects of other factors? In 1994, two papers presented evidence supporting the emerging biodiversity and ecosystem functioning hypotheses. The first paper (Tilman & Downing 1994) was based on >200 grassland plots that dif ...
... 4. How important are diversity effects—that is, how large are they relative to effects of other factors? In 1994, two papers presented evidence supporting the emerging biodiversity and ecosystem functioning hypotheses. The first paper (Tilman & Downing 1994) was based on >200 grassland plots that dif ...
Biological Control of Weeds?
... Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) was planted widely in the Waikato in the late 19th and early 20th century as its bark was useful for tanning. The tree quickly escaped from plantations and naturalised. While black wattle is still sometimes planted for firewood or as an ornamental tree, it is known to ...
... Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) was planted widely in the Waikato in the late 19th and early 20th century as its bark was useful for tanning. The tree quickly escaped from plantations and naturalised. While black wattle is still sometimes planted for firewood or as an ornamental tree, it is known to ...
Competition in lichen communities
... Lichens are symbiotic organisms that often dominate stressful environments such as the surfaces of rock and tree bark. Whether or not competition occurs between lichens in these environments, however, is controversial. This review considers various aspects of the competitive interactions between lic ...
... Lichens are symbiotic organisms that often dominate stressful environments such as the surfaces of rock and tree bark. Whether or not competition occurs between lichens in these environments, however, is controversial. This review considers various aspects of the competitive interactions between lic ...
Open Lands in a New England Town, Lincoln, MA: History, Ecology
... landscapes to various degrees. Humans arrived in North America as the ice sheet retreated, and gradually aggregated influences on the land. Native Americans used fire for facilitating agriculture, horticulture, and hunting (Whitney, 1994; Donahue, 2004; Foster & Motzkin, 2003). Although some researc ...
... landscapes to various degrees. Humans arrived in North America as the ice sheet retreated, and gradually aggregated influences on the land. Native Americans used fire for facilitating agriculture, horticulture, and hunting (Whitney, 1994; Donahue, 2004; Foster & Motzkin, 2003). Although some researc ...
Patterns in Species Richness
... Why the number of species varies from place to place, and from time to time, are questions that present themselves not only to ecologists but to anybody who observes and ponders the natural world. They are interesting questions in their own right—but they are also questions of practical importance. ...
... Why the number of species varies from place to place, and from time to time, are questions that present themselves not only to ecologists but to anybody who observes and ponders the natural world. They are interesting questions in their own right—but they are also questions of practical importance. ...
white-clawed crayfish
... protection under Annex II and V of the European Habitats Directive (1992), requiring the designation of Special Areas of Conservation for its protection and prohibiting the taking or disturbance of the species in the wild. The European Bern Convention lists white-clawed crayfish in Appendix III as a ...
... protection under Annex II and V of the European Habitats Directive (1992), requiring the designation of Special Areas of Conservation for its protection and prohibiting the taking or disturbance of the species in the wild. The European Bern Convention lists white-clawed crayfish in Appendix III as a ...
Biodiversity Guided Notes - Bloomsburg Area School District
... biodiversity for ____________________. They believe that species and ecosystems have a right to exist whether or not they have any other value. • People also value biodiversity for ___________ _____________________such as keeping pets, camping, picking flowers, or watching wildlife. • ______________ ...
... biodiversity for ____________________. They believe that species and ecosystems have a right to exist whether or not they have any other value. • People also value biodiversity for ___________ _____________________such as keeping pets, camping, picking flowers, or watching wildlife. • ______________ ...
Burdi 1 Sea Star Acrobatics: Testing the
... response. However, none of those studies examined the differences in righting response on different substrata. Eight species of sea stars were used in this study: Three different color variations of Henricia leviuscula (blood red, yellow, and gray arm pitted), Leptasterias hexactis, Pyconopodia hel ...
... response. However, none of those studies examined the differences in righting response on different substrata. Eight species of sea stars were used in this study: Three different color variations of Henricia leviuscula (blood red, yellow, and gray arm pitted), Leptasterias hexactis, Pyconopodia hel ...
The abstract booklet can be downloaded here
... Scale-‐dependence of vascular plant distributional patterns: a multi-‐scale study Modeling the distribution of plant communities of Moghra Oasis ...
... Scale-‐dependence of vascular plant distributional patterns: a multi-‐scale study Modeling the distribution of plant communities of Moghra Oasis ...
An experimental test of the effect of plant functional group diversity
... of plant functional group diversity on arthropod diversity. – Oikos 89: 243 – 253. Characteristics used to categorize plant species into functional groups for their effects on ecosystem functioning may also be relevant to higher trophic levels. In addition, plant and consumer diversity should be pos ...
... of plant functional group diversity on arthropod diversity. – Oikos 89: 243 – 253. Characteristics used to categorize plant species into functional groups for their effects on ecosystem functioning may also be relevant to higher trophic levels. In addition, plant and consumer diversity should be pos ...
SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY BACKGROUND Two individuals of the same
... resource. In interspecific competition, organisms of different species compete for the same resource, usually aggressive. In exploitation competition, occurs when indirect effects reduce a resource, and there's no interaction and aggression between individuals. But, they're still reducing the amount ...
... resource. In interspecific competition, organisms of different species compete for the same resource, usually aggressive. In exploitation competition, occurs when indirect effects reduce a resource, and there's no interaction and aggression between individuals. But, they're still reducing the amount ...
Key of
... illegally in an attempt to control gnats; yellowfin goby; and chameleon goby have been the principal new species. The gobies apparently came from the Orient in ship ballast water. The changes in invertebrate populations have been more dramatic than those for fish since 1950. Several new species of ...
... illegally in an attempt to control gnats; yellowfin goby; and chameleon goby have been the principal new species. The gobies apparently came from the Orient in ship ballast water. The changes in invertebrate populations have been more dramatic than those for fish since 1950. Several new species of ...
Chapter 10 - Lakeland Regional High School
... • Pesticides, cleaning agents, drugs, and other chemicals used by humans are making their way into food webs around the globe. • The long term effects of chemicals may not be clear until after many years. • The bald eagle was endangered because of a pesticide known as DDT. Although DDT is now illega ...
... • Pesticides, cleaning agents, drugs, and other chemicals used by humans are making their way into food webs around the globe. • The long term effects of chemicals may not be clear until after many years. • The bald eagle was endangered because of a pesticide known as DDT. Although DDT is now illega ...
The emergence and promise of functional biogeography
... communities) (40, 41) is a promising tool to accurately predict ecosystem functions such as plant primary productivity (41, 42). As a whole, functional traits can be implemented into more or less complex integrative functions (e.g., CWM is a simple integrative function) to scale up from organs to hi ...
... communities) (40, 41) is a promising tool to accurately predict ecosystem functions such as plant primary productivity (41, 42). As a whole, functional traits can be implemented into more or less complex integrative functions (e.g., CWM is a simple integrative function) to scale up from organs to hi ...
Biogeography and community structure of North American
... In this review, I summarize and synthesize information on communities of North American seed-harvester ants, and thus supplement previous reviews that have examined these ants as part of a larger system (20, 77, 107) or have emphasized aspects of their natural history (86). Seed-harvester ants are c ...
... In this review, I summarize and synthesize information on communities of North American seed-harvester ants, and thus supplement previous reviews that have examined these ants as part of a larger system (20, 77, 107) or have emphasized aspects of their natural history (86). Seed-harvester ants are c ...
Models, Mechanisms and Pathways of Succession
... The study of succession has been hampered by the lack of a general theory.This is illustratedby confusionover basicconceptsand inadequacy of certainmodels. This review clarifiesthe basic ideas of pathway,mechanism, and model in succession.Second,in orderto preventinappropriate narrownessin successio ...
... The study of succession has been hampered by the lack of a general theory.This is illustratedby confusionover basicconceptsand inadequacy of certainmodels. This review clarifiesthe basic ideas of pathway,mechanism, and model in succession.Second,in orderto preventinappropriate narrownessin successio ...
INTRODUCED MARINE AND ESTUARINE MOLLUSKS OF NORTH
... coastal waters. As a result of an increasing number of unintentional invasions of marine organisms due to the release of ballast water through international shipping activities, and of increasing pursuit of the intentional use and release of marine organisms for mariculture purposes and for open sea ...
... coastal waters. As a result of an increasing number of unintentional invasions of marine organisms due to the release of ballast water through international shipping activities, and of increasing pursuit of the intentional use and release of marine organisms for mariculture purposes and for open sea ...
Mechanical vulnerability explains sizedependent mortality of reef
... & Klausmeier 2008). However, separately estimating the demographic rates of each species in an assemblage is often logistically impossible, particularly when the assemblage is species-rich. Consequently, recent work in community ecology has focused intensively on the extent to which readily measurab ...
... & Klausmeier 2008). However, separately estimating the demographic rates of each species in an assemblage is often logistically impossible, particularly when the assemblage is species-rich. Consequently, recent work in community ecology has focused intensively on the extent to which readily measurab ...
Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation
... the start of the experiments (but see Margules 1996). All but one of the studies directly testing the prediction reported positive results (Table 2). The only exception was an experimental introduction of lizards to islands. In this study persistence probability was independent of population size (S ...
... the start of the experiments (but see Margules 1996). All but one of the studies directly testing the prediction reported positive results (Table 2). The only exception was an experimental introduction of lizards to islands. In this study persistence probability was independent of population size (S ...
Assessing biodiversity in arable farmland by means of indicators: an
... indicators used at different scale from field to national level. An exhaustive review of proposals for different taxa can be found in Burel et al. (2008). Species of almost all taxonomic groups have been proposed (Lindenmayer and Likens, 2011). The indicator may address all the species of a given ta ...
... indicators used at different scale from field to national level. An exhaustive review of proposals for different taxa can be found in Burel et al. (2008). Species of almost all taxonomic groups have been proposed (Lindenmayer and Likens, 2011). The indicator may address all the species of a given ta ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.