Ecological Character Displacement in Adaptive Radiation
... abstract: I give an overview of the observational and experimental evidence for ecological character displacement in adaptive radiation. Sixty-one published cases of character displacement involving closely related species (congeners) make up the observational data set. All cases involve divergence, ...
... abstract: I give an overview of the observational and experimental evidence for ecological character displacement in adaptive radiation. Sixty-one published cases of character displacement involving closely related species (congeners) make up the observational data set. All cases involve divergence, ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning - annurev-ecolsys
... Biodiversity is now known to be a major determinant, perhaps the major determinant, of community and ecosystem dynamics and functioning. This discovery, which required two decades of research by hundreds of ecologists from around the world, represents a major reversal from the paradigm of the 1970s ...
... Biodiversity is now known to be a major determinant, perhaps the major determinant, of community and ecosystem dynamics and functioning. This discovery, which required two decades of research by hundreds of ecologists from around the world, represents a major reversal from the paradigm of the 1970s ...
View plan for Kaluaa and Waieli
... prevent monotypic stands from expanding. Vegetation monitoring will provide NRS with spatial distribution and density trends for these species and will be used to assess priority weed control strategy on an MU scale. Another invasive tree which is targeted for control on a WCA scale is Tonna ciliate ...
... prevent monotypic stands from expanding. Vegetation monitoring will provide NRS with spatial distribution and density trends for these species and will be used to assess priority weed control strategy on an MU scale. Another invasive tree which is targeted for control on a WCA scale is Tonna ciliate ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 510:241
... ABSTRACT: Scyphistomae show different modes of propagation, occasionally allowing the sudden release of great numbers of medusae through strobilation leading to so-called jellyfish blooms. Accordingly, factors regulating asexual reproduction strategies will control scyphistoma density, which, in tur ...
... ABSTRACT: Scyphistomae show different modes of propagation, occasionally allowing the sudden release of great numbers of medusae through strobilation leading to so-called jellyfish blooms. Accordingly, factors regulating asexual reproduction strategies will control scyphistoma density, which, in tur ...
Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and
... techniques, we used 129 estimates of population density of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from 5 continents to evaluate the relative importance, magnitude, and direction of biotic and abiotic factors in predicting population density of an invasive large mammal with a global distribution. Incorporating diver ...
... techniques, we used 129 estimates of population density of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from 5 continents to evaluate the relative importance, magnitude, and direction of biotic and abiotic factors in predicting population density of an invasive large mammal with a global distribution. Incorporating diver ...
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and
... by considering structural stability, i.e., the stability with respect to modifications in the parameters of the dynamical system. In this section, structural stability is meant as the volume in parameter space compatible with positive densities at the fixed point. Interestingly, for competitive system ...
... by considering structural stability, i.e., the stability with respect to modifications in the parameters of the dynamical system. In this section, structural stability is meant as the volume in parameter space compatible with positive densities at the fixed point. Interestingly, for competitive system ...
State of Michigan’s Status and Strategy for Spiny Waterflea Management Scope Bythotrephes longimanus
... Once a spiny waterflea population becomes established, there is currently no way to effectively remove them therefore prevention should be the number one priority. The best time of year to detect spiny fleas would be the end of June. Simple 30-cm plankton nets will work for detection. At typical sum ...
... Once a spiny waterflea population becomes established, there is currently no way to effectively remove them therefore prevention should be the number one priority. The best time of year to detect spiny fleas would be the end of June. Simple 30-cm plankton nets will work for detection. At typical sum ...
Succession Power Point Notes - ESC-2
... 7. Succession allows and area to _________________________ after a catastrophic event. 8. Succession begins with a _____________________________ species. 9. Once equilibrium is reached, it is called a ______________________ community. 10. Climax communities are ____________________________ for each ...
... 7. Succession allows and area to _________________________ after a catastrophic event. 8. Succession begins with a _____________________________ species. 9. Once equilibrium is reached, it is called a ______________________ community. 10. Climax communities are ____________________________ for each ...
The white clawed crayfish
... • Competition for food and habitat from introduced crayfish species Four introduced crayfish species have become established in the wild in the UK, two of which, the ...
... • Competition for food and habitat from introduced crayfish species Four introduced crayfish species have become established in the wild in the UK, two of which, the ...
6 Plant-plant interactions mediated by other trophic levels
... Subvention: positive effects between plants ............................................................... 17 3.1 Water flow and nutrient redistribution ................................................................ 17 3.2 Ambient conditions (temperature, evapotranspiration and wind) ............ ...
... Subvention: positive effects between plants ............................................................... 17 3.1 Water flow and nutrient redistribution ................................................................ 17 3.2 Ambient conditions (temperature, evapotranspiration and wind) ............ ...
L E T T E R
... more than half of the years). Because of these restrictions, analyses of population responses focused on a different subset of plots for each species (Table 1) and we were unable to test directly for differences in responses among species. Our restrictions resulted in the analysis of 12 abundant her ...
... more than half of the years). Because of these restrictions, analyses of population responses focused on a different subset of plots for each species (Table 1) and we were unable to test directly for differences in responses among species. Our restrictions resulted in the analysis of 12 abundant her ...
delete this box - TAFE Richmond Animal Care
... (general features of the species or group, history in captivity, potential contribution of the species to education, conservation and research) Ahead of Introduction, place any OHS Warnings! Eg Toxicity. Toxins and their effects (including urticating hairs, irritating scales etc) First aid for bites ...
... (general features of the species or group, history in captivity, potential contribution of the species to education, conservation and research) Ahead of Introduction, place any OHS Warnings! Eg Toxicity. Toxins and their effects (including urticating hairs, irritating scales etc) First aid for bites ...
INSECTS ON PLANTS: Diversity of Herbivore Assemblages Revisited
... (a function of plant height times leaf length) correlate with the numbers of herbivores (Leather 1986). For German tree genera, host area, size, and postglacial age of establishment explained 88% of variation in herbivore richness (Brändle & Brandl 2001), whereas taxonomic relatedness did not contr ...
... (a function of plant height times leaf length) correlate with the numbers of herbivores (Leather 1986). For German tree genera, host area, size, and postglacial age of establishment explained 88% of variation in herbivore richness (Brändle & Brandl 2001), whereas taxonomic relatedness did not contr ...
Invasive Species: A Biodiversity Challenge!
... introduced through natural pathways, such as wind, water currents or migration, and through human-assisted pathways, including ballast water, aquarium release, and improper cleaning of boats and equipment. Invading species alter biodiversity, for example through: • t he loss of native species as th ...
... introduced through natural pathways, such as wind, water currents or migration, and through human-assisted pathways, including ballast water, aquarium release, and improper cleaning of boats and equipment. Invading species alter biodiversity, for example through: • t he loss of native species as th ...
Taking species abundance distributions beyond
... distributions of numerical abundance, biomass and resource use, and drew upon two classical allometries (relationships of the form cza): the allometry between population density and body-size (Damuth 1981), and between body-size and energy use (as a proxy for resource use, Kleiber 1947). Some of the ...
... distributions of numerical abundance, biomass and resource use, and drew upon two classical allometries (relationships of the form cza): the allometry between population density and body-size (Damuth 1981), and between body-size and energy use (as a proxy for resource use, Kleiber 1947). Some of the ...
HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN AN INVASIVE AND A NATIVE
... plus the western states of Utah and Oregon, as well as north into Canada (Ontario), and south to Tennessee and North Carolina (United States Geological Survey, 2012). Use of O. rusticus as live bait is likely responsible for much of this spread (Berrill, 1978). We examined hybridization between intr ...
... plus the western states of Utah and Oregon, as well as north into Canada (Ontario), and south to Tennessee and North Carolina (United States Geological Survey, 2012). Use of O. rusticus as live bait is likely responsible for much of this spread (Berrill, 1978). We examined hybridization between intr ...
Untitled - Bio
... We would be poor ecologists indeed if we did not believe that the principles of ecology apply to all facets of the world around us and all aspects of human endeavor. So, when we wrote the first edition of Ecology, it was a generalist book, designed to overcome the opposition of all competing textboo ...
... We would be poor ecologists indeed if we did not believe that the principles of ecology apply to all facets of the world around us and all aspects of human endeavor. So, when we wrote the first edition of Ecology, it was a generalist book, designed to overcome the opposition of all competing textboo ...
Niche and fitness differences relate the maintenance of diversity to
... Abstract. The frequently observed positive correlation between species diversity and community biomass is thought to depend on both the degree of resource partitioning and on competitive dominance between consumers, two properties that are also central to theories of species coexistence. To make an ...
... Abstract. The frequently observed positive correlation between species diversity and community biomass is thought to depend on both the degree of resource partitioning and on competitive dominance between consumers, two properties that are also central to theories of species coexistence. To make an ...
Madagascar: Island Continent of Tortoises Great and Small
... there is very little overlap in the ranges of the handful of species still found there today. True giant tortoises have been extinct there since early human times. The surviving tortoise species in Madagascar are notable for their extraordinary beauty, their slow growth and longevity, and the heavy ...
... there is very little overlap in the ranges of the handful of species still found there today. True giant tortoises have been extinct there since early human times. The surviving tortoise species in Madagascar are notable for their extraordinary beauty, their slow growth and longevity, and the heavy ...
Plant responses to livestock grazing frequency in an Australian
... Dorrough, J., Ash, J. and McIntyre, S. 2004. Plant responses to livestock grazing frequency in an Australian temperate grassland. / Ecography 27: 798 /810. Livestock grazing is often thought to enhance native plant species co-existence in remnant grasslands but may also favour exotic invaders. Rec ...
... Dorrough, J., Ash, J. and McIntyre, S. 2004. Plant responses to livestock grazing frequency in an Australian temperate grassland. / Ecography 27: 798 /810. Livestock grazing is often thought to enhance native plant species co-existence in remnant grasslands but may also favour exotic invaders. Rec ...
Biological Synopsis of the colonial tunicates
... Canadian marine environment, including several invasive species. Some of these, such as the common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) have been present for over a century, whereas others have only been detected recently, e.g. the green crab (Carcinus maenas) in 1951 (Audet et al. 2003) and the green fl ...
... Canadian marine environment, including several invasive species. Some of these, such as the common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) have been present for over a century, whereas others have only been detected recently, e.g. the green crab (Carcinus maenas) in 1951 (Audet et al. 2003) and the green fl ...
Processes affecting diversity
... Proposed both high and low levels of disturbance would reduce diversity. ...
... Proposed both high and low levels of disturbance would reduce diversity. ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
Ecological Mechanisms Underlying Arthropod Species Further
... as rank-abundance distributions, species-area curves, and size-frequency distributions (32). Because arthropod species are quite responsive to changing environments, including those resulting from human management practices (22, 48, 84), densities and diversity can be highly variable within and amon ...
... as rank-abundance distributions, species-area curves, and size-frequency distributions (32). Because arthropod species are quite responsive to changing environments, including those resulting from human management practices (22, 48, 84), densities and diversity can be highly variable within and amon ...
Document
... 4 in the native Austropotamobius pallipes and the invasive Pacifastacus leniusculus from single 5 and mixed species populations in the UK. We found A. pallipes individuals to be significantly 6 smaller in mixed compared to single species populations; conversely P. leniusculus individuals 7 were larg ...
... 4 in the native Austropotamobius pallipes and the invasive Pacifastacus leniusculus from single 5 and mixed species populations in the UK. We found A. pallipes individuals to be significantly 6 smaller in mixed compared to single species populations; conversely P. leniusculus individuals 7 were larg ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.