Time course of plant diversity effects on
... divided into four functional groups (grasses, small herbs, tall herbs and legumes) by multivariate cluster analysis and all possible combinations of plant species richness 3 functional group richness were realized from the 60-species pool. Within each plant species richness 3 functional group richne ...
... divided into four functional groups (grasses, small herbs, tall herbs and legumes) by multivariate cluster analysis and all possible combinations of plant species richness 3 functional group richness were realized from the 60-species pool. Within each plant species richness 3 functional group richne ...
Ch 54 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... effects can be summarized as positive (+), negative (–), or no effect (0) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... effects can be summarized as positive (+), negative (–), or no effect (0) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the Australian mainland some 3500–4000 years ago (Gollan, 1984 ; Corbett, 1995) and co-occurred with the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) for perhaps 500 years and with the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) for some 3000 years (Archer & Baynes, 1972 ; Archer, 1974) before the native species ...
... the Australian mainland some 3500–4000 years ago (Gollan, 1984 ; Corbett, 1995) and co-occurred with the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) for perhaps 500 years and with the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) for some 3000 years (Archer & Baynes, 1972 ; Archer, 1974) before the native species ...
Ragnar Arnason*
... divided into two main sections. In the first section, a general aggregative ecosystem fishery model is developed and its properties analysed. A major result of this part of the paper is that ecosystem fisheries are very complicated and optimal utilization rules even more so. Nevertheless, a number o ...
... divided into two main sections. In the first section, a general aggregative ecosystem fishery model is developed and its properties analysed. A major result of this part of the paper is that ecosystem fisheries are very complicated and optimal utilization rules even more so. Nevertheless, a number o ...
Threats to Biodiversity - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... species escape regulation by their parasites; an important illustration of this occurs when invasive species escape from their natural pathogens. Green crabs (Carcinus maenus) host a significant diversity of parasites in their natural range along the Atlantic coast of Europe (Torchin et al. 2002). T ...
... species escape regulation by their parasites; an important illustration of this occurs when invasive species escape from their natural pathogens. Green crabs (Carcinus maenus) host a significant diversity of parasites in their natural range along the Atlantic coast of Europe (Torchin et al. 2002). T ...
Northern Corroboree Frog review of information
... two species considered most detrimental to the frogs are Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry) and Mimulus moschatus (Monkey Musk). Both weed species can potentially cover large areas of Northern Corroboree Frog breeding habitat. Blackberry can completely smother and shade breeding habitat making it unsuita ...
... two species considered most detrimental to the frogs are Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry) and Mimulus moschatus (Monkey Musk). Both weed species can potentially cover large areas of Northern Corroboree Frog breeding habitat. Blackberry can completely smother and shade breeding habitat making it unsuita ...
Progress
... multidisciplinary nature of several of the projects is refreshing and relevant. Related to this approach is the increase in consortium-based projects, which not only provide synergism between the scientists, but provide MAFF with excellent value for money. The science of the AU is developing very we ...
... multidisciplinary nature of several of the projects is refreshing and relevant. Related to this approach is the increase in consortium-based projects, which not only provide synergism between the scientists, but provide MAFF with excellent value for money. The science of the AU is developing very we ...
Incorporating Plant Mortality and Recruitment Into
... although there is evidence that over time, some bunches can break up and migrate apart (Liston et al. 2003). For this discussion, we focus on individuals and communities that reproduce predominantly from seed. In general, the importance of recruitment is inversely proportional to a species’ life spa ...
... although there is evidence that over time, some bunches can break up and migrate apart (Liston et al. 2003). For this discussion, we focus on individuals and communities that reproduce predominantly from seed. In general, the importance of recruitment is inversely proportional to a species’ life spa ...
Best Management Practices
... aesthetic goals, which may be informed by what you have learned about the habitats on your land and the species they may support. Next, assess what invasive plants are present, their locations, and the approximate extent and density of each occurrence. This may require a year of acquainting yourself ...
... aesthetic goals, which may be informed by what you have learned about the habitats on your land and the species they may support. Next, assess what invasive plants are present, their locations, and the approximate extent and density of each occurrence. This may require a year of acquainting yourself ...
Population demographics and trade
... reproduction in R. discolor were greater in high- than low-density populations. This suggests an increased reliance on sexual reproduction in populations that had reached stable sizes, which could increase the capacity of R. discolor to disperse to new sites. Elasticity analyses were also used to si ...
... reproduction in R. discolor were greater in high- than low-density populations. This suggests an increased reliance on sexual reproduction in populations that had reached stable sizes, which could increase the capacity of R. discolor to disperse to new sites. Elasticity analyses were also used to si ...
10/4/06 version
... > Observations of five major tree species present suggested > that Ulmus americana (elm) had the richest ground flora while > Celtis laevigata (Hackberry) had the poorest or even none. > Two oak species (Quercus alba, white oak and Q. rubra, red > oak) and an Acer (sycamore) had intermediate richnes ...
... > Observations of five major tree species present suggested > that Ulmus americana (elm) had the richest ground flora while > Celtis laevigata (Hackberry) had the poorest or even none. > Two oak species (Quercus alba, white oak and Q. rubra, red > oak) and an Acer (sycamore) had intermediate richnes ...
Chapter 8 Diversity and ecosystem function Jan Lepš Dr. Jan Lepš
... b.log(2) new species are added. The number of species at zero area is not defined; actually, for very small plot sizes S becomes negative. Note that both c and a depend on the units in which area is measured, whereas z and b do not. Theoretical arguments supporting either of the relationships were s ...
... b.log(2) new species are added. The number of species at zero area is not defined; actually, for very small plot sizes S becomes negative. Note that both c and a depend on the units in which area is measured, whereas z and b do not. Theoretical arguments supporting either of the relationships were s ...
Choosing appropriate temporal and spatial scales for ecological
... American Indian cultural fire, cultural predation, agriculture, and irrigation had significant and on-going effects on American ecosystems. Charles E Kay (1994) argues that the ecological effects of cultural predation in North America have been seriously underestimated. So much so, that in the preCo ...
... American Indian cultural fire, cultural predation, agriculture, and irrigation had significant and on-going effects on American ecosystems. Charles E Kay (1994) argues that the ecological effects of cultural predation in North America have been seriously underestimated. So much so, that in the preCo ...
Grasslands, Shrublands, Deserts
... species of birds, mammals, reptiles and invertebrates have evolved to adapt to live in such an environment. Deserts, which cover almost 40 percent of the Earth's surface (Allan and Warren 1993), receive less than 10 inches of rain a year (MacMahan 1985). Within these ecosystems, the annual rainfall ...
... species of birds, mammals, reptiles and invertebrates have evolved to adapt to live in such an environment. Deserts, which cover almost 40 percent of the Earth's surface (Allan and Warren 1993), receive less than 10 inches of rain a year (MacMahan 1985). Within these ecosystems, the annual rainfall ...
Relationships between biodiversity and
... These studies demonstrate that natural enemy consumers and their resources (arthropod and weedy pests) interact in complex food webs (see also Tylianakis and Binzer, 2014). Food-web ecology is a burgeoning field that could thus contribute to our understanding of the relationship between biodiversity ...
... These studies demonstrate that natural enemy consumers and their resources (arthropod and weedy pests) interact in complex food webs (see also Tylianakis and Binzer, 2014). Food-web ecology is a burgeoning field that could thus contribute to our understanding of the relationship between biodiversity ...
Functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants drive
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Gastropoda Cypraeoidea
... Malay & Paulay, 2010). In fact, the region comprising the ocean territories of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia (Sabah), East Timor, Papua New ...
... Malay & Paulay, 2010). In fact, the region comprising the ocean territories of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia (Sabah), East Timor, Papua New ...
Environmental heterogeneity, species diversity and
... animal species relationship and found negative HDR in some cases. They proposed that heterogeneous vegetation cover might provide different niches for some species, while leading to habitat fragmentation for others. Habitat fragmentation inhibits both individual fitness and population dynamics due to ...
... animal species relationship and found negative HDR in some cases. They proposed that heterogeneous vegetation cover might provide different niches for some species, while leading to habitat fragmentation for others. Habitat fragmentation inhibits both individual fitness and population dynamics due to ...
The risk of classical biological control in Florida
... control. All targets of successful introductions except one were adventive pest insects and weeds. The exceptional target was a widespread aphid, whose introduced biological control agent had no obvious eVect. Using many sources of information, we consider the eVects, both potential and realized, of ...
... control. All targets of successful introductions except one were adventive pest insects and weeds. The exceptional target was a widespread aphid, whose introduced biological control agent had no obvious eVect. Using many sources of information, we consider the eVects, both potential and realized, of ...
Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of nutrient enrichment
... Although nutrient enrichment frequently decreases biodiversity, it remains unclear whether such biodiversity losses are readily reversible, or are critical transitions between alternative low- and high-diversity stable states that could be difficult to reverse. Our 30-year grassland experiment shows ...
... Although nutrient enrichment frequently decreases biodiversity, it remains unclear whether such biodiversity losses are readily reversible, or are critical transitions between alternative low- and high-diversity stable states that could be difficult to reverse. Our 30-year grassland experiment shows ...
Conservatism of responses to environmental change is rare under
... and water uptake (Craine et al., 2003), but periodic drought tolerance also requires that the plant be able to store water for later use, which is not an adaptation related to nitrogen uptake (Craine, 2009). This suggests that conservatism of a trait does not mean that a plant’s response to one fact ...
... and water uptake (Craine et al., 2003), but periodic drought tolerance also requires that the plant be able to store water for later use, which is not an adaptation related to nitrogen uptake (Craine, 2009). This suggests that conservatism of a trait does not mean that a plant’s response to one fact ...
What is Native Prairie? - Prairie Conservation Action Plan
... Frog. Wetlands provide refuge for migratory birds such as snow geese, Canada geese and many waterfowl and shorebird species. In the arid prairie environment, water can be scarce, so anything from small creeks to large lakes are all important parts of the native prairie ecosystem. Despite its signifi ...
... Frog. Wetlands provide refuge for migratory birds such as snow geese, Canada geese and many waterfowl and shorebird species. In the arid prairie environment, water can be scarce, so anything from small creeks to large lakes are all important parts of the native prairie ecosystem. Despite its signifi ...
Competitive avoidance not edaphic specialization drives vertical
... Along with changing abiotic resources and conditions, there are important differences in biotic factors with soil depth that may also play a role in driving the differential vertical distribution of EM fungi. It is widely recognized that the plant root density declines with increasing depth (Jackson ...
... Along with changing abiotic resources and conditions, there are important differences in biotic factors with soil depth that may also play a role in driving the differential vertical distribution of EM fungi. It is widely recognized that the plant root density declines with increasing depth (Jackson ...
Paxton Lake Benthic and Limnetic Stickleback (Gasterosteus
... Benthic and limnetic sticklebacks are similar to other Threespine Sticklebacks in their overall mode of reproduction. Males construct nests, which they guard and defend, until fry are about a week old. Eggs take up to a week to hatch, depending on temperature, and another three to five days before l ...
... Benthic and limnetic sticklebacks are similar to other Threespine Sticklebacks in their overall mode of reproduction. Males construct nests, which they guard and defend, until fry are about a week old. Eggs take up to a week to hatch, depending on temperature, and another three to five days before l ...
Wetterer et al.: Dominance by Alien Ant in Biosphere 2 381
... It has been widely reported anecdotally that the crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille), has taken over Biosphere 2 and that little else of the original fauna remains. For example, Cohen & Tilman (1996) made the widely repeated but undocumented observation that in Biosphere 2, “the majority ...
... It has been widely reported anecdotally that the crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille), has taken over Biosphere 2 and that little else of the original fauna remains. For example, Cohen & Tilman (1996) made the widely repeated but undocumented observation that in Biosphere 2, “the majority ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.