Terrestrial Ecology Week 2 quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice
... The anhingas, bobcats, and alligators would probably be fewer in number than other species, since they are secondary or tertiary consumers and much of the ecosystem’s energy has been lost by the time it reaches them. 3. ANS: One percent of the original energy of the plants will be available to the a ...
... The anhingas, bobcats, and alligators would probably be fewer in number than other species, since they are secondary or tertiary consumers and much of the ecosystem’s energy has been lost by the time it reaches them. 3. ANS: One percent of the original energy of the plants will be available to the a ...
animal mutualistic interactions
... interaction strength in the context of predator–prey interactions and food webs (reviewed in Laska & Wooton 1998; Berlow et al. 1999, 2004; Wootton & Emmerson 2005). In this body of literature, interaction strength has usually been defined as ‘an estimate of the magnitude of the effect of one specie ...
... interaction strength in the context of predator–prey interactions and food webs (reviewed in Laska & Wooton 1998; Berlow et al. 1999, 2004; Wootton & Emmerson 2005). In this body of literature, interaction strength has usually been defined as ‘an estimate of the magnitude of the effect of one specie ...
Food Webs, Models and Species Extinctions in a
... community structure and species interactions interact and affect the risk of extinction of single species needs to be increased. Thus the primary aim of the present thesis is to study this interaction and contribute to a theoretical basis for the identification of extinction prone species. In paper ...
... community structure and species interactions interact and affect the risk of extinction of single species needs to be increased. Thus the primary aim of the present thesis is to study this interaction and contribute to a theoretical basis for the identification of extinction prone species. In paper ...
Spatial variation in keystone effects: small mammal diversity
... Species with extensive geographic ranges may interact with different species assemblages at distant locations, with the result that the nature of the interactions may vary spatially. Black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus occur from Canada to Mexico in grasslands of the western Great Plains ...
... Species with extensive geographic ranges may interact with different species assemblages at distant locations, with the result that the nature of the interactions may vary spatially. Black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus occur from Canada to Mexico in grasslands of the western Great Plains ...
Red swamp crayfish - Pennsylvania Sea Grant
... is visible on the top of the abdomen. Juveniles are a uniform gray, sometimes overlain with dark wavy lines. Occasionally, a genetic mutation may turn the body and/or claws blue. A distinctive characteristic of this species is that the areola, which is the space found on the dorsal surface of the ca ...
... is visible on the top of the abdomen. Juveniles are a uniform gray, sometimes overlain with dark wavy lines. Occasionally, a genetic mutation may turn the body and/or claws blue. A distinctive characteristic of this species is that the areola, which is the space found on the dorsal surface of the ca ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... many areas, especially where natural ecosystems have been converted to croplands, timber plantations, aquaculture and other managed ecosystems. The diversity of these managed ecosystems is often low, and species composition very different, compared with those of the natural systems they have replace ...
... many areas, especially where natural ecosystems have been converted to croplands, timber plantations, aquaculture and other managed ecosystems. The diversity of these managed ecosystems is often low, and species composition very different, compared with those of the natural systems they have replace ...
Interspecific Abundance-Range Size Relationships
... over areas that embrace all, or a very large proportion, of the extents of the geographical ranges of the species concerned (e.g. most studies performed at continental or oceanic scales). Second, there are those performed over areas that embrace the entire geographical ranges of none, or only a smal ...
... over areas that embrace all, or a very large proportion, of the extents of the geographical ranges of the species concerned (e.g. most studies performed at continental or oceanic scales). Second, there are those performed over areas that embrace the entire geographical ranges of none, or only a smal ...
Network structure beyond food webs: mapping non
... Thiel et al. 2007 for reviews). Non-trophic interactions between intertidal species are also relatively well known across the phyletically diverse community, which encompasses a broad range of body sizes, life forms, and evolutionary histories. Many non-trophic interactions in this system have been ...
... Thiel et al. 2007 for reviews). Non-trophic interactions between intertidal species are also relatively well known across the phyletically diverse community, which encompasses a broad range of body sizes, life forms, and evolutionary histories. Many non-trophic interactions in this system have been ...
Network structure beyond food webs: mapping nontrophic and
... Thiel et al. 2007 for reviews). Non-trophic interactions between intertidal species are also relatively well known across the phyletically diverse community, which encompasses a broad range of body sizes, life forms, and evolutionary histories. Many non-trophic interactions in this system have been ...
... Thiel et al. 2007 for reviews). Non-trophic interactions between intertidal species are also relatively well known across the phyletically diverse community, which encompasses a broad range of body sizes, life forms, and evolutionary histories. Many non-trophic interactions in this system have been ...
Evolution in metacommunities - Philosophical Transactions of the
... A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that occur within communities such as drift and individual selection, but also by among-community processes, such as d ...
... A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that occur within communities such as drift and individual selection, but also by among-community processes, such as d ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... of the distance between a given state and what the system would be at thermodynamic equilibrium (Jørgensen and Mejer, 1979). In other words, if an ecosystem were in equilibrium with the surrounding environment its exergy would be zero (no free energy), meaning that it would not be able to produce an ...
... of the distance between a given state and what the system would be at thermodynamic equilibrium (Jørgensen and Mejer, 1979). In other words, if an ecosystem were in equilibrium with the surrounding environment its exergy would be zero (no free energy), meaning that it would not be able to produce an ...
The Salamanders of Tennessee
... longer be able to reach breeding ponds or interact with other populations. ...
... longer be able to reach breeding ponds or interact with other populations. ...
Modelling the distribution and interaction of introduced rodents on
... (Taylor, 1978). Holdaway (1999) for example assumes ‘the presence of a population of Pacific rats on an island implies a visit to that island, of whatever duration, by humans’. Similarly Atkinson (1986) suggests that rodent distribution on New Zealand islands is ‘largely a reflection of intensity of ...
... (Taylor, 1978). Holdaway (1999) for example assumes ‘the presence of a population of Pacific rats on an island implies a visit to that island, of whatever duration, by humans’. Similarly Atkinson (1986) suggests that rodent distribution on New Zealand islands is ‘largely a reflection of intensity of ...
Diet, Morphology, and Interspecific Killing in Carnivora
... In addition, body size influences the outcomes of interference interactions, with large-bodied carnivores able to exclude small ones from habitat patches or prey carcasses. These highly asymmetrical interactions mediated by body size are common (Palomares and Delibes 1994; Kamler et al. 2003) and in ...
... In addition, body size influences the outcomes of interference interactions, with large-bodied carnivores able to exclude small ones from habitat patches or prey carcasses. These highly asymmetrical interactions mediated by body size are common (Palomares and Delibes 1994; Kamler et al. 2003) and in ...
A snake in paradise: Disturbance of plant reproduction following
... Secondary extinction and decline of species following extinction of their mutualist partners, may, however, potentially affect a large number of species (Koh et al., 2004). One of the worst known cases of an introduced predator species is the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) to the island of Guam ...
... Secondary extinction and decline of species following extinction of their mutualist partners, may, however, potentially affect a large number of species (Koh et al., 2004). One of the worst known cases of an introduced predator species is the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) to the island of Guam ...
Belgium - Convention on Migratory Species
... 2007) for mandatory use by Parties, for reports submitted to the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP10) (Norway, 2011). The questions below combine elements of Resolution 4.1 (Party Reports) adopted by the Fourth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Nairobi, June 1994) and Resol ...
... 2007) for mandatory use by Parties, for reports submitted to the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP10) (Norway, 2011). The questions below combine elements of Resolution 4.1 (Party Reports) adopted by the Fourth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Nairobi, June 1994) and Resol ...
Relative herbivory tolerance and competitive ability in two dominant
... importance than herbivory tolerance in mediating herbivore-induced species replacement in mesic grasslands and savannas. Introduction It has been well established that defoliation can influence plant performance and competitive ability to modify community composition and structure (Weiner 1993; Fahn ...
... importance than herbivory tolerance in mediating herbivore-induced species replacement in mesic grasslands and savannas. Introduction It has been well established that defoliation can influence plant performance and competitive ability to modify community composition and structure (Weiner 1993; Fahn ...
A hierarchical framework to investigate epiphyte assemblages
... structure (Cascante-Marı́n et al. 2008), or the mechanisms behind change in time, e.g., succession (Ibisch 1996). The essence of their existence, the nonparasitic growth on other plants, highlights a unique feature of epiphytes: they depend on a living organism with varying physical and chemical cha ...
... structure (Cascante-Marı́n et al. 2008), or the mechanisms behind change in time, e.g., succession (Ibisch 1996). The essence of their existence, the nonparasitic growth on other plants, highlights a unique feature of epiphytes: they depend on a living organism with varying physical and chemical cha ...
The Dynamics of Temperate Forest Fragmentation
... An emerging concept in considerations of habitat patches is that of the vegetation matrix surrounding habitat islands. The density and type of vegetation between forest patches is important in determining the ease with which species are able to move between fragments. In areas with poor inter-fragme ...
... An emerging concept in considerations of habitat patches is that of the vegetation matrix surrounding habitat islands. The density and type of vegetation between forest patches is important in determining the ease with which species are able to move between fragments. In areas with poor inter-fragme ...
CV - Northern Arizona University
... Assessment of the relationships between seed dispersal and fitness across functional gradients of vegetation. Evaluation of Sonoran Desert plant recruitment patterns across gradients of competition, stress, and disturbance. Quantitative modeling of biodiversity patterns on global islands. Develo ...
... Assessment of the relationships between seed dispersal and fitness across functional gradients of vegetation. Evaluation of Sonoran Desert plant recruitment patterns across gradients of competition, stress, and disturbance. Quantitative modeling of biodiversity patterns on global islands. Develo ...
THREAT ABATEMENT PLAN
... impacts of rabbits on biodiversity. This reflects the current paucity of nationally consistent data on the ranges and densities of rabbits and their impacts, and the difficulties of linking outcomes in population changes to the outputs of the rabbit TAP. The invasive species indicator data to be pro ...
... impacts of rabbits on biodiversity. This reflects the current paucity of nationally consistent data on the ranges and densities of rabbits and their impacts, and the difficulties of linking outcomes in population changes to the outputs of the rabbit TAP. The invasive species indicator data to be pro ...
The Pinto Abalone Deserves Protection Under the Endangered
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
... sampling area. If the disturbance patch is larger than the sampling area, we are considering withinpatch mechanisms (Fig. 1a); if the disturbancepatch is smaller than the sampling area, we are examining mainly between-patch mechanisms (Fig. 1b). Which one we examine, depends on the scale at which we ...
... sampling area. If the disturbance patch is larger than the sampling area, we are considering withinpatch mechanisms (Fig. 1a); if the disturbancepatch is smaller than the sampling area, we are examining mainly between-patch mechanisms (Fig. 1b). Which one we examine, depends on the scale at which we ...
View plan for Opaelua Lower Management Unit
... Scattered immature individuals along streamlets in the middle of the MU, mostly in OpaeulaLower-03 Scattered throughout the MU. Widespread along the Poamoho road, this taxa has bird-dispersed fruit. It can form dense stands, and has flexible habitat requirements. It is a priority for control wheneve ...
... Scattered immature individuals along streamlets in the middle of the MU, mostly in OpaeulaLower-03 Scattered throughout the MU. Widespread along the Poamoho road, this taxa has bird-dispersed fruit. It can form dense stands, and has flexible habitat requirements. It is a priority for control wheneve ...
Reiskind, M.H. and M.L. Wilson. 2008. Interspecific
... albopictus was the superior competitor in these studies as well. However, several studies and Þeld observations suggest the competitive outcome does not necessarily lead to competitive displacement and may result in coexistence (Black et al. 1989, Livdahl and Willey 1991, OÕMeara et al. 1995, Edgerl ...
... albopictus was the superior competitor in these studies as well. However, several studies and Þeld observations suggest the competitive outcome does not necessarily lead to competitive displacement and may result in coexistence (Black et al. 1989, Livdahl and Willey 1991, OÕMeara et al. 1995, Edgerl ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.