Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium
... Background – In the light of loss of mangrove forests and related biodiversity world-wide the overall objective of the online ‘Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium’ is to give a current and historic overview of the global, regional and particularly the local distribution of true mangrove specie ...
... Background – In the light of loss of mangrove forests and related biodiversity world-wide the overall objective of the online ‘Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium’ is to give a current and historic overview of the global, regional and particularly the local distribution of true mangrove specie ...
Estimating Relative Energy Fluxes Using the Food Web, Species
... Models were judged on their ability to produce ratios greater than 1. Ratios less than 1 were considered unrealistic because they indicated more estimated energy flux out of a species than into it. The second testing method considered the models’ ability to estimate fluxes that agreed with allometri ...
... Models were judged on their ability to produce ratios greater than 1. Ratios less than 1 were considered unrealistic because they indicated more estimated energy flux out of a species than into it. The second testing method considered the models’ ability to estimate fluxes that agreed with allometri ...
Eds., K. Omori, X. Guo, N. Yoshie, N. Fujii, I.... © by TERRAPUB, 2011.
... but bias may also arise due to differential digestive rates of different prey types by upper trophic level species. Large prey such as fishes tend to be digested at a slower rate, and hence persist longer in stomach contents, than do smaller, lower trophic level species such as zooplankton (Jobling, ...
... but bias may also arise due to differential digestive rates of different prey types by upper trophic level species. Large prey such as fishes tend to be digested at a slower rate, and hence persist longer in stomach contents, than do smaller, lower trophic level species such as zooplankton (Jobling, ...
Food-web structure and ecosystem services: insights from the
... The Serengeti is an ecosystem that is as near pristine as any other on the planet; moreover, it is the ecosystem that bears the closest resemblance to the habitats in which humans first walked upright and began to use their environment in an organized and systematic fashion. There are still hunter-g ...
... The Serengeti is an ecosystem that is as near pristine as any other on the planet; moreover, it is the ecosystem that bears the closest resemblance to the habitats in which humans first walked upright and began to use their environment in an organized and systematic fashion. There are still hunter-g ...
Comparability: the key to the applicability of food web research
... dynamics of interactions (e.g. types of functional responses). Interactions themselves can be of either trophic (like predation) or nontrophic (like facilitation) nature. An important species is termed a keystone species [66] if its large effect is disproportionately large to its biomass (after Tilm ...
... dynamics of interactions (e.g. types of functional responses). Interactions themselves can be of either trophic (like predation) or nontrophic (like facilitation) nature. An important species is termed a keystone species [66] if its large effect is disproportionately large to its biomass (after Tilm ...
1 Ecosystem Services and the Economics of
... consumptive benefits offered by foods, fuels, fibers and medicines or the nonconsumptive aesthetic, recreational, spiritual and totemic value offered by individual species or habitats, but also the mechanisms and organisms that sustain the ‘provisioning’ organisms (for instance, by making available ...
... consumptive benefits offered by foods, fuels, fibers and medicines or the nonconsumptive aesthetic, recreational, spiritual and totemic value offered by individual species or habitats, but also the mechanisms and organisms that sustain the ‘provisioning’ organisms (for instance, by making available ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... could explain a wide variety of ecological patterns. Hubbell’s ‘individual-based’ neutral theory was explicitly based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple v ...
... could explain a wide variety of ecological patterns. Hubbell’s ‘individual-based’ neutral theory was explicitly based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple v ...
Comparative Cryptogam Ecology: A Review of Bryophyte and
... It is important to note that, even for some of the traits for which ample data are available, these are often qualitative rather than quantitative (e.g. secondary metabolites, colours) and their relationships to ecosystem functions have been poorly tested, if at all. While not ignoring response trai ...
... It is important to note that, even for some of the traits for which ample data are available, these are often qualitative rather than quantitative (e.g. secondary metabolites, colours) and their relationships to ecosystem functions have been poorly tested, if at all. While not ignoring response trai ...
Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species
... Hard-bottom communities: mussels size-frequency and density ...................................................................................... 5 Description of the blue mussel indicator .............................................................................................................. ...
... Hard-bottom communities: mussels size-frequency and density ...................................................................................... 5 Description of the blue mussel indicator .............................................................................................................. ...
species replacement during early secondary succession
... Although interspecific competition reduced the cover and biomass of Senecio during its peak year, it had little or no effect on either the population increase or decline; the pattern of change was similar among all treatments. These counterintuitive results underscore the importance of testing, not ...
... Although interspecific competition reduced the cover and biomass of Senecio during its peak year, it had little or no effect on either the population increase or decline; the pattern of change was similar among all treatments. These counterintuitive results underscore the importance of testing, not ...
Distribution of Exotic Freshwater Fishes in the Wet
... This species was recently (Oct 2008) the subject of a rotenone (a fish poison) control exercise in Eureka Creek a tributary of the Walsh River (Mitchell River catchment). The success of this control effort is still being monitored (ACTFR and QDPIF unpub. data). Gambusia (or mosquitofish) – Gambusia ...
... This species was recently (Oct 2008) the subject of a rotenone (a fish poison) control exercise in Eureka Creek a tributary of the Walsh River (Mitchell River catchment). The success of this control effort is still being monitored (ACTFR and QDPIF unpub. data). Gambusia (or mosquitofish) – Gambusia ...
Propagule supply controls grazer community structure and primary
... When propagule supply determines diversity and species’ relative abundances, effects of supply are likely to propagate through the ecosystem. Experimental changes in diversity have predictable effects on ecosystem-level properties such as resource-use efficiency and total community biomass (30). The ...
... When propagule supply determines diversity and species’ relative abundances, effects of supply are likely to propagate through the ecosystem. Experimental changes in diversity have predictable effects on ecosystem-level properties such as resource-use efficiency and total community biomass (30). The ...
Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas
... marginal contributions to fitness. (This dimension generally applies to functional properties of areas, and in most cases ...
... marginal contributions to fitness. (This dimension generally applies to functional properties of areas, and in most cases ...
Functional traits, productivity and effects on nitrogen
... and ecosystem traits of a wide variety of grassland species grown under field conditions in the long term. We measured 87 traits for 33 species (32 perennial, one annual) grown in monoculture for 5 years on sandy soils, and determined the relationship among traits and their correspondence with curre ...
... and ecosystem traits of a wide variety of grassland species grown under field conditions in the long term. We measured 87 traits for 33 species (32 perennial, one annual) grown in monoculture for 5 years on sandy soils, and determined the relationship among traits and their correspondence with curre ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... chemicals used by humans are making their way into food webs around the globe. • The long term effects of chemicals may not be clear until after many years. • The bald eagle was endangered because of a pesticide known as DDT. Although DDT is now illegal to use in the United States, it is still manuf ...
... chemicals used by humans are making their way into food webs around the globe. • The long term effects of chemicals may not be clear until after many years. • The bald eagle was endangered because of a pesticide known as DDT. Although DDT is now illegal to use in the United States, it is still manuf ...
Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management
... of meat, milk, wool, and hides, and poisoning livestock. In addition, infestations can reduce recreational land values and the spiny species can cause human health problems. Noxious weeds cause more economic loss in rangeland than all other pests combined (Quimby et al. 1991). Bovey (1987) estimated ...
... of meat, milk, wool, and hides, and poisoning livestock. In addition, infestations can reduce recreational land values and the spiny species can cause human health problems. Noxious weeds cause more economic loss in rangeland than all other pests combined (Quimby et al. 1991). Bovey (1987) estimated ...
Consumers Control Diversity and Functioning of a Natural Marine
... Background: Our understanding of the functional consequences of changes in biodiversity has been hampered by several limitations of previous work, including limited attention to trophic interactions, a focus on species richness rather than evenness, and the use of artificially assembled communities. ...
... Background: Our understanding of the functional consequences of changes in biodiversity has been hampered by several limitations of previous work, including limited attention to trophic interactions, a focus on species richness rather than evenness, and the use of artificially assembled communities. ...
Do plant-community-based grazing regimes lead to
... living animals) attached seeds has not been studied yet and might depend on animal behaviour: we expect that due to greater vibrations of the coat, seed losses are higher during a 3-km inter-area transfer than during the grazing period on a paddock. In this study, the following questions were addres ...
... living animals) attached seeds has not been studied yet and might depend on animal behaviour: we expect that due to greater vibrations of the coat, seed losses are higher during a 3-km inter-area transfer than during the grazing period on a paddock. In this study, the following questions were addres ...
Species at Risk Act
... Who is consulted and how It is most important to consult with those who would be most affected by the proposed changes. There is protection that is immediately in place when a species that is Extirpated, Endangered or Threatened is added to Schedule 1. It prohibits killing or harming the species or ...
... Who is consulted and how It is most important to consult with those who would be most affected by the proposed changes. There is protection that is immediately in place when a species that is Extirpated, Endangered or Threatened is added to Schedule 1. It prohibits killing or harming the species or ...
Hierarchical organization of a Sardinian sand dune plant
... & Bertness, 2007; Angelini et al., 2011). While this model of community organization appears to be widespread (Bruno & Bertness, 2001), most evidence for hierarchical organization is anecdotal or correlative with few explicit experimental tests (for exceptions see Altieri, Silliman & Bertness (2007) ...
... & Bertness, 2007; Angelini et al., 2011). While this model of community organization appears to be widespread (Bruno & Bertness, 2001), most evidence for hierarchical organization is anecdotal or correlative with few explicit experimental tests (for exceptions see Altieri, Silliman & Bertness (2007) ...
ExamView Pro - Chapter 20.bnk
... 5. The presence of colored bands on the body of a harmless king snake that resemble the bands on a poisonous coral snake is an example of ____________________. ANS: mimicry DIF: 1 ...
... 5. The presence of colored bands on the body of a harmless king snake that resemble the bands on a poisonous coral snake is an example of ____________________. ANS: mimicry DIF: 1 ...
Monkey flower - GB non-native species secretariat
... to survive and reproduce? Comment on any special conditions required by the species? Response: Yes (see comments under ‘establishment’ below) 7 - Does the known geographical distribution of the organism include ecoclimatic zones comparable with those of the Risk Assessment Area or sufficiently simil ...
... to survive and reproduce? Comment on any special conditions required by the species? Response: Yes (see comments under ‘establishment’ below) 7 - Does the known geographical distribution of the organism include ecoclimatic zones comparable with those of the Risk Assessment Area or sufficiently simil ...
Experimental Manipulation of a Desert Rodent Community: Food
... or remove certaincombinationsof species of seed-eatingrodents and ants from 0.25-ha plots in the ChihuahuanDesert of southeasternArizona. These experimentsevaluate the extent to which food availability and interspecificcompetition influence rodent populations. Monitoringwith live traps revealedthat: ...
... or remove certaincombinationsof species of seed-eatingrodents and ants from 0.25-ha plots in the ChihuahuanDesert of southeasternArizona. These experimentsevaluate the extent to which food availability and interspecificcompetition influence rodent populations. Monitoringwith live traps revealedthat: ...
Chapter 54
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.