Nucleus Accumbensμ-Opioids Regulate Intake of a High
... usually in 6 d. At the end of each testing day, the diet jars were removed and weighed, and the corresponding food intake in grams was calculated. To acclimate the rats to the test procedure, subjects were given 2 d of sham injections over the last 2 d of the baseline period. On the first day of thi ...
... usually in 6 d. At the end of each testing day, the diet jars were removed and weighed, and the corresponding food intake in grams was calculated. To acclimate the rats to the test procedure, subjects were given 2 d of sham injections over the last 2 d of the baseline period. On the first day of thi ...
Mapping the manuals of madness: Comparing the ICD
... Mapping the Manuals of Madness 1993) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, most recent version DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013a) arose as the current dominant frameworks for mental disorders, both in clinical applications and in scientific research. ...
... Mapping the Manuals of Madness 1993) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, most recent version DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013a) arose as the current dominant frameworks for mental disorders, both in clinical applications and in scientific research. ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia
... independently, co-operatively or competitively to influence the mechanisms of action selection. Introduction Basal ganglia dysfunctions have long been associated with a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recogn ...
... independently, co-operatively or competitively to influence the mechanisms of action selection. Introduction Basal ganglia dysfunctions have long been associated with a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recogn ...
5 Neurochemistry of the Gustatory System
... parabrachial nuclei (PbN) of the pons, from which pathways arise to thalamus and insular cortex and also into areas of the limbic forebrain, including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Taste buds contain cells tha ...
... parabrachial nuclei (PbN) of the pons, from which pathways arise to thalamus and insular cortex and also into areas of the limbic forebrain, including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Taste buds contain cells tha ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... that headless planarian body fragments and planarians that had specifically lost neural activity following regeneration-dependent conditional gene knockdown (Readyknock) of synaptotagmin in the brain lost both chemotactic and thigmotactic behaviors, suggesting that neural activity in the brain is re ...
... that headless planarian body fragments and planarians that had specifically lost neural activity following regeneration-dependent conditional gene knockdown (Readyknock) of synaptotagmin in the brain lost both chemotactic and thigmotactic behaviors, suggesting that neural activity in the brain is re ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... neurons in a strict sense. • Damage to these neurons causes motor disturbances but not paralysis. • Diseases of the basal ganglia are characterized by abnormal involuntary movements as rest (e.g., Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s disease). ...
... neurons in a strict sense. • Damage to these neurons causes motor disturbances but not paralysis. • Diseases of the basal ganglia are characterized by abnormal involuntary movements as rest (e.g., Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s disease). ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... the communication between sensory organs and the brain. In most sensory systems, neurons project from the sensory receptors to the brain in a spatially ordered manner forming neural maps that encode stimuli attributes, such as identity or position. The formation of such precise patterns of connectiv ...
... the communication between sensory organs and the brain. In most sensory systems, neurons project from the sensory receptors to the brain in a spatially ordered manner forming neural maps that encode stimuli attributes, such as identity or position. The formation of such precise patterns of connectiv ...
Neural effects of positive and negative incentives during marijuana
... systems (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, VS, anterior cingulate) are also involved during negative reinforcement [19] [20]. For instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [ ...
... systems (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, VS, anterior cingulate) are also involved during negative reinforcement [19] [20]. For instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [ ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... made by humans and monkeys, and their discharge is also similar if the experimenter grasping a piece of food gives it to the monkey being recorded or to a second monkey3. An interesting class of mirror neurons is the one that codes observed actions which are preparatory or logically related to the e ...
... made by humans and monkeys, and their discharge is also similar if the experimenter grasping a piece of food gives it to the monkey being recorded or to a second monkey3. An interesting class of mirror neurons is the one that codes observed actions which are preparatory or logically related to the e ...
Interactions Between the Lateral Hypothalamus and the
... studies have shown that electrical and chemical stimulation of PAG produce analgesia that is relayed in part through the rostra1 ventral medulla (Basbaum et al., 1978; Behbehani and Fields, 1979) and subsequently inhibits nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn (Basbaum et al., 1977; Bennett and Maye ...
... studies have shown that electrical and chemical stimulation of PAG produce analgesia that is relayed in part through the rostra1 ventral medulla (Basbaum et al., 1978; Behbehani and Fields, 1979) and subsequently inhibits nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn (Basbaum et al., 1977; Bennett and Maye ...
Analyzing Effects of Naturally Occurring Missense Mutations
... properties like sequence conservation and phylogenetic trees. It is almost impossible to review these approaches one by one since most of the current methodology is using a combination of these features [27]. Table 1 shows several examples for application of molecular modeling methods, free of charg ...
... properties like sequence conservation and phylogenetic trees. It is almost impossible to review these approaches one by one since most of the current methodology is using a combination of these features [27]. Table 1 shows several examples for application of molecular modeling methods, free of charg ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... the cell types under study are fundamentally similar. Neurons are, in some sense, easier to define than glia. Although these cells come in myriad shapes and sizes, they share a number of basic properties. Neurons conduct fast currents and connect to other neurons, or to terminal cells (such as muscl ...
... the cell types under study are fundamentally similar. Neurons are, in some sense, easier to define than glia. Although these cells come in myriad shapes and sizes, they share a number of basic properties. Neurons conduct fast currents and connect to other neurons, or to terminal cells (such as muscl ...
Postnatal characterization of cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of
... pheromones to the same animal provoke responses from both MOB and AOB (Luo et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2005). This suggests that these two systems might not be as functionally distinct as was originally thought (Meredith, 1991; Baum and Kelliher, 2009). Molecular and functional characteristics of these ...
... pheromones to the same animal provoke responses from both MOB and AOB (Luo et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2005). This suggests that these two systems might not be as functionally distinct as was originally thought (Meredith, 1991; Baum and Kelliher, 2009). Molecular and functional characteristics of these ...
Reciprocal influences of physical function and cognitive inhibition in
... Cognitive inhibition, physical function and chronic pain Recent studies have attempted to integrate the reduced physical function (Andrews et al., 2012) and cognitive deficits (Moriarty et al., 2011) associated with chronic pain. In a sample of heterogeneous chronic pain patients, physical function, ...
... Cognitive inhibition, physical function and chronic pain Recent studies have attempted to integrate the reduced physical function (Andrews et al., 2012) and cognitive deficits (Moriarty et al., 2011) associated with chronic pain. In a sample of heterogeneous chronic pain patients, physical function, ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... that are required to construct a realistic computational model of the thalamocortical circuit. Our ...
... that are required to construct a realistic computational model of the thalamocortical circuit. Our ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... Figure 1A shows samples of the binocularly presented stimuli used in the single-unit recording and the muscimol injection experiments. 1) Solid-figure stereogram (SFS) of a square plate with perspective cues (D⫹P condition, top row): this type of stimulus had perspective cues as well as disparity cu ...
... Figure 1A shows samples of the binocularly presented stimuli used in the single-unit recording and the muscimol injection experiments. 1) Solid-figure stereogram (SFS) of a square plate with perspective cues (D⫹P condition, top row): this type of stimulus had perspective cues as well as disparity cu ...
NIH Public Access
... plasticity at the synaptic level may underlie a certain degree of recovery seen even in the absence of treatments (i.e., learning to use spared neuronal circuitry in new ways). CNS regeneration studies do not always distinguish between these different mechanisms, and, for the purpose of this discuss ...
... plasticity at the synaptic level may underlie a certain degree of recovery seen even in the absence of treatments (i.e., learning to use spared neuronal circuitry in new ways). CNS regeneration studies do not always distinguish between these different mechanisms, and, for the purpose of this discuss ...
View/Open
... (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selected portions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Both of these gating circuits help highlight the visual information that is allowed to pass. Finally, the dorsal ...
... (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selected portions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Both of these gating circuits help highlight the visual information that is allowed to pass. Finally, the dorsal ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... systems (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, VS, anterior cingulate) are also involved during negative reinforcement [19] [20]. For instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [ ...
... systems (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, VS, anterior cingulate) are also involved during negative reinforcement [19] [20]. For instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [ ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... the electrical field produced by neural activity can influence it back: studies have found that (i) extremely weak fields (<0.5 mV/mm) are capable of significantly modulating activity at the network and single cell level, (ii) endogenous fields are involved in generating and maintaining neural oscil ...
... the electrical field produced by neural activity can influence it back: studies have found that (i) extremely weak fields (<0.5 mV/mm) are capable of significantly modulating activity at the network and single cell level, (ii) endogenous fields are involved in generating and maintaining neural oscil ...
How to deal with oxygen radicals stemming from mitochondrial fatty
... route that the energy-rich electrons from different food sources have to take to end up reducing molecular oxygen, allowing optimal ATP generation. Two problems seem logical at the onset of symbiosis. First of all, toxic ROS formed in the respiratory chain becomes a bigger problem for the composite ...
... route that the energy-rich electrons from different food sources have to take to end up reducing molecular oxygen, allowing optimal ATP generation. Two problems seem logical at the onset of symbiosis. First of all, toxic ROS formed in the respiratory chain becomes a bigger problem for the composite ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Identify the four lobes of the brain and their functions. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the me ...
... • Identify the four lobes of the brain and their functions. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the me ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.