Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Columbia`s psychology
... Studies were selected by searching PubMed and reference lists for PET or fMRI studies of anxiety disorders (PTSD, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, OCD, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder) or fear conditioning in healthy volunteers available until September 2006. To be eligible ...
... Studies were selected by searching PubMed and reference lists for PET or fMRI studies of anxiety disorders (PTSD, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, OCD, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder) or fear conditioning in healthy volunteers available until September 2006. To be eligible ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... Over the past two decades, a significant focus of research has been on molecular processes leading to cell death. On the basis of numerous studies, a rise in the concentration of intracellular calcium has been identified as a primary trigger for pathology caused by various tissuedamaging factors. Su ...
... Over the past two decades, a significant focus of research has been on molecular processes leading to cell death. On the basis of numerous studies, a rise in the concentration of intracellular calcium has been identified as a primary trigger for pathology caused by various tissuedamaging factors. Su ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly understood in particular because motor parameters such as force and movement direction often change over time. We studied time ...
... identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly understood in particular because motor parameters such as force and movement direction often change over time. We studied time ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (Figure 2) was used to quantify the discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent moti ...
... A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (Figure 2) was used to quantify the discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent moti ...
A Novel Role for Vitamin K1 in a Tyrosine Phosphorylation
... type III and immunoglobulin motifs common to extracellular matrix proteins, neural cell adhesion molecules, and cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase or phosphatase activities (13, 14). It is believed that these RTKs may be bifunctional, acting both as cell adhesion proteins and as components ...
... type III and immunoglobulin motifs common to extracellular matrix proteins, neural cell adhesion molecules, and cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase or phosphatase activities (13, 14). It is believed that these RTKs may be bifunctional, acting both as cell adhesion proteins and as components ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
Pipeline Chart
... * Modalities in use across pipeline and marketed products. Modality refers to the structural template of a therapeutic agent. ‡Amgen has an additional three biosimilar programs in development which are undisclosed at this time. **Tradename provisionally approved by the United States Food and Drug Ad ...
... * Modalities in use across pipeline and marketed products. Modality refers to the structural template of a therapeutic agent. ‡Amgen has an additional three biosimilar programs in development which are undisclosed at this time. **Tradename provisionally approved by the United States Food and Drug Ad ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... are suggested by experimental data (Holmgren et al. 2003). However, following the experimental data of Holmgren et al and also Beierlein et al. (2003), the model’s inhibitory-excitatory and inhibitory-inhibitory connections were not sparse at all. Specifically, each excitatory neuron is connected to ...
... are suggested by experimental data (Holmgren et al. 2003). However, following the experimental data of Holmgren et al and also Beierlein et al. (2003), the model’s inhibitory-excitatory and inhibitory-inhibitory connections were not sparse at all. Specifically, each excitatory neuron is connected to ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... ascending and local reflex pathways, and may therefore influence a wide range of behaviors with significant implications for health and disease. The function of the gustatory system is to identify the nature and concentration of taste stimuli in the oral cavity. In contrast to the stimulus dimension ...
... ascending and local reflex pathways, and may therefore influence a wide range of behaviors with significant implications for health and disease. The function of the gustatory system is to identify the nature and concentration of taste stimuli in the oral cavity. In contrast to the stimulus dimension ...
Endocrine Physiology Posterior pituitary hormones
... Both hormones are produced in hypothalamic nuclei: - Supraoptic nucleus (ADH + 1/6 oxytocin) - Paraventricular nucleus (Oxytocin + 1/6 ADH) ...
... Both hormones are produced in hypothalamic nuclei: - Supraoptic nucleus (ADH + 1/6 oxytocin) - Paraventricular nucleus (Oxytocin + 1/6 ADH) ...
Mechanism and Biological Explanation
... of the whole mechanism and its relation to conditions in its environment since it is only when appropriately situated that a mechanism will produce the phenomenon of interest. Mechanistic explanations are always multilevel accounts, integrating information about parts, operations, and organization w ...
... of the whole mechanism and its relation to conditions in its environment since it is only when appropriately situated that a mechanism will produce the phenomenon of interest. Mechanistic explanations are always multilevel accounts, integrating information about parts, operations, and organization w ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... the bulb, researchers injected dyes, enzymes and radioactive tracers to ask whether there was a topographical relationship between spatial domains within the olfactory bulb and target regions in the olfactory cortex [23–31]. In principle the results from such experiments could fall anywhere between ...
... the bulb, researchers injected dyes, enzymes and radioactive tracers to ask whether there was a topographical relationship between spatial domains within the olfactory bulb and target regions in the olfactory cortex [23–31]. In principle the results from such experiments could fall anywhere between ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... lobules are labeled with their Latin names and Larsell Roman numerals. (Reproduced, with permission, from Larsell and Jansen 1972.) ...
... lobules are labeled with their Latin names and Larsell Roman numerals. (Reproduced, with permission, from Larsell and Jansen 1972.) ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... 1995; Buckley et al. 1997; Huxlin et al. 2000; Cowey et al. 2001), the underlying machinery for the processing of color signals in the IT cortex is not understood. Previous single-unit studies in the anterior IT cortex (AIT) revealed that sharply colorselective neurons are clustered in a region post ...
... 1995; Buckley et al. 1997; Huxlin et al. 2000; Cowey et al. 2001), the underlying machinery for the processing of color signals in the IT cortex is not understood. Previous single-unit studies in the anterior IT cortex (AIT) revealed that sharply colorselective neurons are clustered in a region post ...
Natural cannabinoids: Templates for drug discovery
... acid (THCA, 1) is formed from CBGA (13) through stereoselective oxidocyclization involving tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA synthase) (Sirikantaramas et al., 2004; Taura et al., 1995). THCA synthase is a monomeric flavinylated enzyme that oxidizes CBGA (13) via a mechanism similar to that ...
... acid (THCA, 1) is formed from CBGA (13) through stereoselective oxidocyclization involving tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA synthase) (Sirikantaramas et al., 2004; Taura et al., 1995). THCA synthase is a monomeric flavinylated enzyme that oxidizes CBGA (13) via a mechanism similar to that ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... Sherff, Carolyn M. and Brian Mulloney. Passive properties of swimmeret motor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 92–102, 1997. Four different functional types of motor neurons innervate each swimmeret: return-stroke excitors (RSEs), power-stroke excitors (PSEs), return-stroke inhibitors (RSIs), and power- ...
... Sherff, Carolyn M. and Brian Mulloney. Passive properties of swimmeret motor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 92–102, 1997. Four different functional types of motor neurons innervate each swimmeret: return-stroke excitors (RSEs), power-stroke excitors (PSEs), return-stroke inhibitors (RSIs), and power- ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
The C. elegans Connectome Consists of Homogenous Circuits with
... this, we analyzed the available connectome of hermaphroditic C. elegans worms [26,37]. We find that the CNR is a striking feature in the C. elegans neural network where the fraction of connected pairs of neurons increase the more common neurons this pair of neurons shares (Fig 1A and 1B). In fact, t ...
... this, we analyzed the available connectome of hermaphroditic C. elegans worms [26,37]. We find that the CNR is a striking feature in the C. elegans neural network where the fraction of connected pairs of neurons increase the more common neurons this pair of neurons shares (Fig 1A and 1B). In fact, t ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... sometimes referred to as “classical neurotransmitters” (presumably because of their early discovery and their effects in peripheral systems), an equally and perhaps more important function of these substances in cortex is neuromodulation. That is, rather than producing direct excitatory or inhibitor ...
... sometimes referred to as “classical neurotransmitters” (presumably because of their early discovery and their effects in peripheral systems), an equally and perhaps more important function of these substances in cortex is neuromodulation. That is, rather than producing direct excitatory or inhibitor ...
Long-term channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expression
... revealed abnormal morphology and targeting of ChR2-EYFP expressing axons, beginning at postnatal day (P) 33 and increasing with age. Axonal abnormalities included cylinders that enveloped pyramidal cell proximal apical dendrites, and spherical, calyx-like structures that surrounded neuronal cell bod ...
... revealed abnormal morphology and targeting of ChR2-EYFP expressing axons, beginning at postnatal day (P) 33 and increasing with age. Axonal abnormalities included cylinders that enveloped pyramidal cell proximal apical dendrites, and spherical, calyx-like structures that surrounded neuronal cell bod ...
Localization of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes on Rat Spinal Motor
... Imaging Facility at the University of Washington. Double-labeling studies. Sections were fixed, sliced, rinsed, and blocked as described above. Muscle sections were then incubated in anti-C NA1 and anti-synaptotagmin or anti-C N B2 and anti-synaptotagmin at the same time for 36 hr at 4°C. Sections f ...
... Imaging Facility at the University of Washington. Double-labeling studies. Sections were fixed, sliced, rinsed, and blocked as described above. Muscle sections were then incubated in anti-C NA1 and anti-synaptotagmin or anti-C N B2 and anti-synaptotagmin at the same time for 36 hr at 4°C. Sections f ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... form of plasticity observed in retinotectal connections and neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells (Fig. 2a and b). This form of LTP timing dependence provides a mechanism for realizing Hebb’s original hypothesis that synapses are strengthened only when presynaptic activity causes postsynaptic ...
... form of plasticity observed in retinotectal connections and neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells (Fig. 2a and b). This form of LTP timing dependence provides a mechanism for realizing Hebb’s original hypothesis that synapses are strengthened only when presynaptic activity causes postsynaptic ...
Obesity and Appetite Control
... three-year duration of treatment with exenatide has been reported to improve beta cell function; however, when adjusting for weight loss associated with exenatide therapy, this effect remains speculative [79]. DPP-IV inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, which are licensed for the treatme ...
... three-year duration of treatment with exenatide has been reported to improve beta cell function; however, when adjusting for weight loss associated with exenatide therapy, this effect remains speculative [79]. DPP-IV inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, which are licensed for the treatme ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.